Difference between revisions of "The Nexian DMT Handbook"

Revision as of 05:10, 9 February 2009

This handbook propounds to illuminate all manner of DMT practice for informational purposes and for implementation only where it is legal to do so. That being said, DMT's production and use should not be condoned or endorsed where it is illegal to do so. Even where it is legal to do so, the operator must proceed with caution and in adherence to local laws, as many of the chemicals required for production can be hazardous to health or otherwise dangerous.

The production and use of DMT (N,N-dimethyltryptamine), otherwise known as "Spice", is a practice that resonates strongly with the complementary qualities of ancient shamanic and alchemical spiritual practice as well as contemporary DIY (Do It Yourself) ethic. The production of spice is a discipline unlike that of most other commonly manufactured drugs, as it is not as well suited for bulk-production nor production for the purpose of sale as most well-known and intensively manufactured substances. As such, its use is generally inseparable from its production in practice and in spirit.

The production of DMT most commonly entails its extraction from botanical sources and only very rarely entails its synthesis. In this way, its production still strongly resembles its more ancient preparations by manner of brewing, a simple form of aqueous extraction still commonly performed to this day. This is the simplest and most readily administered form of extract if used as a component of a harmaloid-based preparation or -huasca brew.

Please take the time to seek further elaboration at the following resources:

The DMT-Nexus

deoxy.org/dmt

Erowid's DMT Vault

Wikipedia's Article on DMT

Source Selection

DMT, its analogues, and other related alkaloids can be found in a wide variety of lifeforms, varying from trace amounts to considerable amounts. It is impossible, therefore, to include all of the sources from which DMT can be extracted, so the following discussion will focus primarily on the most commonly used and significant botanical sources.

Botanical Considerations

Several species of plants contain a variety of constituents apart from DMT. This consideration is of the utmost importance when selecting the source plant from which an extraction is to be performed, as it may become the determining factor in the material requirements of the extraction process. Some plants may even contain toxic alkaloids, so thorough research must be conducted prior to selection, extraction, and administration.

Reported Active Constituents

Mimosa Hostilis: ?

Mimosa Ophthalmocentra: 1,6% DMT in the inner rootbark (source: L. M. Batista; R. N. Almeida; E. V. L. da-Cunha; M. S. da-Silva; J. M. Barbosa-Filho. Isolation and Identification of Putative Hallucinogenic Constituents from the Roots of Mimosa ophthalmocentra. In: Pharmaceutical Biology, Volume 37, Issue 1 January 1999)

Acacia Obtusifolia: Variying reports of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine found ranging from 0.4% - 0.6% in dried bark with 0.06% reported in young phyllodes. Considered a weed, Acacia Obtusifolia is found in woodlands on Australia's eastern border from south eastern Queensland, through eastern New South Wales and scattered slightly in north eastern Victoria.

Methods of Refinery

Before extracting alkaloids from the variety of plants named above, one generally needs to clean and prepare the plant source, to include washing, pulverization, or any other necessary pre-treatment.

Mimosa Hostilis

[MHRB|Mimosa Hostilis Root Bark] can be acquired in different stages of preparation. Usually it is sold as whole, shredded or pre-powdered root-bark, but one may have access to the whole root—usually when harvested directly.

The whole root must cleaned and stripped of its inner root-bark while discarding the rest of the root.
The whole root-bark must generally be torn by hand, cut, or smashed with a blunt object prior to shredding.
The shredded can only be used "as-is" if the pieces are small enough.
- If the pieces are too big, the alkaloids will not be as readily exposed for extraction.
The pre-powdered can always be used "as-is".

Since each stage denotes a successively more refined preparation, the following will detail the entire process of refinery. One need only follow the procedure from its characteristic stage of refinery through to the desired stage for extraction.

The Root {S:Line BW with Icon|{UP}Icons%2finformation.png|Note: Only the Inner Root Bark is necessary for extraction, the core and outer parts are to be discarded!} Pictured below is its original after being harvested from the plant. Notice the middle core is quite distinct from the root-bark, the outer bark is much more brown: {S:Thumbnail large||Wholeroot 1|MHRB%2fdsc0123largevi9.jpg} {S:Thumbnail large||Wholeroot 2|MHRB%2fdsc0138largehu6.jpg} {S:Thumbnail large||Wholeroot 3|MHRB%2fdsc0158largeux3.jpg} {S:Thumbnail large||Wholeroot 4|MHRB%2fdsc0136largedg2.jpg}

Cleaning The Root The first step in refinery is to brush the outside to remove the dirt. Then the outer bark must be lightly scraped with a good knife. It is preferable to remove at least some of the outermost layer to uncover the more blackish and purplish layer underneath: {S:Thumbnail large||Scrappedroot 1|MHRB%2fdsc0145largemx8.jpg} {S:Thumbnail large||Scrappedroot 2|MHRB%2fdsc0126largevu7.jpg} {S:Thumbnail large||Scrappedroot 3|MHRB%2fdsc0125largegc6.jpg}

Peeling the Inner Root Bark Once the outermost part has been removed, peel off the Inner Root Bark to separate it from the core. This can easily be accomplished immediately by hand, though the use of a knife may be helpful. {S:Thumbnail large||Rootstrip 1|MHRB%2fdsc0128largeys9.jpg} {S:Thumbnail large||Rootstrip 2|MHRB%2fdsc0130largezp0.jpg} {S:Thumbnail large||Rootstrip 3|MHRB%2fdsc0149largewh7.jpg} {S:Thumbnail large||Rootstrip 4|MHRB%2fdsc0147largeuc0.jpg}

Result Here's the inner core which is to be discarded: {S:Thumbnail large||Rootcore|MHRB%2fdsc0133largera8.jpg} The peeled inner root-bark now needs to dry. This may be accomplished by simply leaving it in the sun. Here's how it should look: {S:Thumbnail large||Rootbark piece 1|MHRB%2fdsc0160largehd1.jpg} {S:Thumbnail large||Rootbark piece 2|MHRB%2fdsc0150largesq4.jpg}

Breaking the rootbark up The pieces/strips of inner root-bark require further refinery to expose a larger surface area and increase the availability of the alkaloids for extraction. If storage is desired, then the whole pieces are preferable, as the alkaloids are less exposed and thus better protected. First strip the pieces further into thinner layers....

Acacia Obtusifolia

[Acacia Obtusifolia] bark can be easily stripped of the trunk and branches by hand if done while still fresh. Peeling dried bark will prove to be a long tedious task. Once peeled allow the bark to dry. The rest of the plant matter can be discarded at this point. With the help of a paper guillotine cut the dried bark into small pieces (the smaller the better).

The pieces of dried bark will now have to be grinded which can be done in a good quality blender or a coffee grinder. Allow resting periods for the blender in between grinding to ensure that the grinder does not over heat.

The grinding process allows optimum material exposure and will assist in obtaining higher yields.

Defatting Concerns

Vendor Considerations

-Quality of Material

-Privacy Concerns

Methods of Cultivation

Extraction

Extraction generally refers to the process of isolating a product from a source. The basic idea is to utilize the unique properties of the product—whether reactive, electromagnetic, or otherwise structural—to draw it out of the source and into a target solvent. To accomplish this the product must either be naturally soluble in the solvent or must undergo reaction to increase its solubility. The difference between a high and low yield is firstly determined by how much more soluble the product is in the target solvent, than in its source material or solution, and secondly by how thoroughly the target solvent is mechanically brought into contact with the target solvent.

STB Techniques

Considerations:

The use of "Straight To Base" techniques requires little experience or technical know-how for beginners to approach extraction techniques. STB is best-suited for quick, non-labor-intensive, crude bulk extractions. It requires no straining or cooking but requires time for soaking and separation. STB tends to yield a greater array of botanical impurities due to its lack of straining and defatting. These techniques do however enable a more thorough exhaustion of product from the material. This technique is ideal for shredded material that requires little or no defatting.

Overview of Materials and Methods

Materials:

Methods:

Material Preparation

Extraction Procedure

Further Elaboration and Technical Support

Forum on the Topic of STB Extraction

A/B Techniques

Considerations:

The use of Acid/Base techniques implies the use of "acid-cooking" the source material, straining it, and basifying the resulting strained solution. The use of an initial acid extraction facilitates the implementation of a defatting phase and generally yields a product more devoid of botanical impurities. This technique is ideal for any material that requires defatting, though defatting may not be necessary, depending on the intended method of crystallization.

Overview of Materials and Methods

Materials

Methods:

Material Preparation

Extraction Procedure

Further Elaboration and Technical Support

Forum on the Topic of A/B Extraction

Dry Techniques

Dry techniques (drytek) evolved from and are ideally intended for the implementation of the [FASA|FASA] method of crystallization and serve as the only techniques able to implement acetone as an extraction solvent. Acetone is generally favored for its ability to extract a notably broad range of active products.

Considerations:

The use of dry techniques requires fewer and less toxic materials than the techniques that employ aqueous phases and separatory methods. The materials required are generally of a more household nature. They are most effectively applied to powdered botanical material. Acetone is, however, completely water miscible, so proper drying procedures are of the utmost importance. This technique may or may not require the defatting of botanical materials, depending on the intended method of crystallization. Dry techniques are the youngest of the current extraction techniques though apparently sound in theory and in practice.

Overview of Materials and Methods

Materials:

Acetone
Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salt)
Weak Base:
- Either Sodium Carbonate (Washing Soda)
- or Calcium Hydroxide (Pickling Lime)
- or Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda)
Water (Preferably Distilled)
Powdered Botanical Material

Material Considerations:

Acetone can be purchased at hardware stores but should be confirmed as pure acetone prior to purchase. Note that almost all acetone can contain up to 5% water contamination, depending on time and shelving conditions.
In order to be utilized for extraction, sodium bicarbonate must undergo conversion to sodium carbonate.
Lime is often found difficult to decant acetone off of and also difficult to filter out of acetone, whereas sodium carbonate is generally found more agreeable for both.
Distilled water is preferable, as tap water almost always contains impurities that can potentially tamper with resulting yields.
With few exceptions, the source material should be completely pulverized to a powder consistency before use, as this technique's choice of reagents are not quite capable of penetrating cell structure.

Methods:

Extractions by dry techniques are characterized by the lack of a traditional aqueous phase in the extraction process, and instead, opting for basification within a paste which is followed by chemically drying the paste with desiccant. The process does not make use of separatory methods, and instead is characterized by it's use of dry-washing, decanting and non-intensive filtering methods. Certain materials must be rendered anhydrous prior to use.

Material Preparation

Procedure for Rendering Anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate:

spread Epsom Salt (Hydrated Magnesium Sulfate) on an aluminum foil covered pan.
place in the oven on 400°F four about one hour, or until the salt becomes gray and ash-like.
place your now anhydrous magnesium sulfate into a storage container and store away from moisture.
if it becomes hydrated again, the process can be repeated.

Procedure for Rendering Anhydrous Acetone:

pour anhydrous magnesium sulfate directly into the can of acetone.
shake vigorously for an extended amount of time.
allow to settle for one day.
observe the magnesium sulfate at the bottom of the can.
- if it appears extremely moist, repeat the process
- if it appears quite dry, the acetone is ready for use.
store away from moisture and never leave sitting with the cap off.

Procedure for Conversion of Sodium Bicarbonate into Sodium Carbonate:

pour sodium bicarbonate onto a non-aluminum pan.
place in the oven at 400ºF for one hour
place in a storage container and store away from moisture.

Extraction Procedure

Mix the intended base with the powdered source material at a ratio between 1:2 and 1:1.
- The product remains in its natural salt form which is generally considered to be quite free from the botanical cell structure in powdered material.
Add only enough water to thoroughly moisten the mixture to the consistency of a paste while stirring to ensure the consistency of the mixture.
- Although this is not generally considered a traditional aqueous phase in that it is not a solution, it is an aqueous phase in that it is excessively hydrated and sufficiently aqueous to facilitate reaction.
Allow adequate time to soak in order for reaction to occur.
- The acid component of salt-form product undergoes reaction with the base, effectively neutralizing the acid and freeing the product in its pure alkaloid form, or freebase.
Stir in anhydrous magnesium sulfate until thoroughly dry.
- The magnesium sulfate acts as a desiccant, and that this is performed in order to prevent water contamination of the acetone.
Add an excess of anhydrous acetone and stir thoroughly, allotting adequate time and stirring for thorough dissolution of the product into the acetone.
- The more contact allotted between the product and the acetone, the greater the saturation.
Decant and/or filter acetone and collect, being careful not to allow any particulates into the collection vessel.
- The bases used should not harm the quality of the product, but may interfere with the accuracy of weight.
Repeat steps 5-6 with fresh acetone until material is exhausted to satisfaction.
- Three washes is generally considered sufficient.

Further Elaboration and Technical Support

Discussing Alternative Spice Extraction Techniques

Crystallization

Crystallization is the process by which a product is isolated from a solvent. This is accomplished by either allowing the solvent to completely evaporate or by causing a precipitation to occur within the solvent, which can then be isolated from the solvent by several methods and then dried of any residual solvent.

Evaporation

In extraction, evaporation is the process by which a solvent disperses from its liquid form into the air as a vapor and a gas. When this occurs, the less volatile constituents of the solvent solution are left behind, and as such, it is a common method of isolating solutes from solvent.

Considerations:

Many common solvents contain impurities which may not be quite as volatile as the pure solvent and may leave these impurities behind as a residue.
Solvents often emit fumes and odors which may be hazardous to health, flammable, or may alarm those within proximity of the odor.
Some solvents may require an excessive length of time to evaporate.
Some solvents may absorb ambient moisture, resulting in a less expedient evaporation.
Excessive air flow may cause the oxidization of the product.
Solvent may become Trapped within the crystal structure of the product, resulting in a less solid and less pure product.

Freeze Precipitation

Freeze precipitation is the process by which product is isolated from a solvent through a decrease in solubility achieved by lowering the temperature of the solvent. This process generally relies on the solvent being completely saturated or super-saturated with product. Freeze precipitation is generally the fastest method by which product can be isolated immediately following extraction, but it relies on the use of only very specific solvents. This method is preferably used in conjunction with A/B and STB techniques.

Salting Methods

Salting is the process by which freebase DMT is reacted with an acid to create a salt form which is generally water-soluble. The natural form of DMT in botanical sources tends to be a salt-form, thus facilitating the simple aqueous extraction used to prepare DMT-containing brews. It is quite common to perform aqueous acid extractions from the material, however—whether for the purposes of a brew or for A/B extraction. The salt-form itself rarely lends itself to proper crystallization and usually can only be isolated as an oil unless very specific methods and materials are employed.

The FASA Method

The [FASA|FASA], or fumaric acid saturated acetone, method is a method employed to render [DMT Fumarate|DMT Fumarate].

Considerations:

[DMT Fumarate|DMT Fumarate] is reportedly quite stable and resistant to oxidization or other forms of degradation. It is notably resistant to heat, and as such is able to withstand low-temperature oven-drying. Certain other related compounds, such as jungle-spice and bufotenine are also able to crystallize as a fumarate. Defatting is not required prior to employing [FASA|FASA] methods, as oils and most other impurities should not interfere with this method's procedure or the yield

Because [DMT Fumarate|DMT Fumarate] is water-soluble, it is also well-suited for oral administration in conjunction with harmaloids, either mixed into a beverage or encapsulated.

Materials:

Anhydrous Acetone
Fumaric Acid

Methods:

The [FASA|FASA] method employs the firstly, the solubility of fumaric acid in acetone, and secondly, solubility of freebase DMT in acetone, and thirdly, the insolubility of [DMT Fumarate|DMT Fumarate] in acetone or the non-polar solvents commonly utilized for extraction. The solubility of both DMT and fumaric acid in acetone facilitates their reaction to produce a crystalline DMT salt which is completely insoluble in acetone or non-polar solvents.

Procedure for Rendering Crystalline DMT Fumarate:

Dissolve about 7mg fumaric acid per mL of fresh anhydrous acetone to prepare a FASA solution, allotting adequate time and stirring for complete saturation, and allowing any excess to settle to the bottom.
- It is recommended that the solution be prepared in slight excess of fumaric acid rather than an excess of acetone for the procedure to be most effective.
Prepare a DMT-saturated solution using either acetone, xylene, toulene, or DCM, ensuring that its container will facilitate the collection of a precipitate and protect the solution from moisture.
- Naphtha, however, is reported to cause fumaric acid to precipitate out of acetone, disrupting any significant chemical reaction from occurring.
Add FASA dropwise to the DMT saturated solution until no more reaction can be observed.
- A precipitate should form wherever the drops are added, but will eventually become too thick of a cloud to observe any new reaction occurring.
Once the solution settles enough for a clear segment of the solution to be observed where drops of FASA are to be added, repeat step 3.
Repeat steps 3-4 until no more reaction occurs, and allow to settle completely.
Carefully decant the solvent.
- If acetone is the only solvent used, it can be reused as FASA, or if no significant excess of FASA has be added, it can be reused for drytek extraction.
- If an [NPS|NPS] or DCM is used, the acetone and fumaric acid can be wash out with water and separated by standard separatory methods.
Collect the salted product onto an evaporation dish and dry by air-drying or by oven-drying on the lowest possible heat setting.
- It is advisable to wash the product with anhydrous acetone to remove any potential excess of fumaric acid or NPS.
Store the dry product away from heat and moisture.

Further Elaboration and Technical Support

Forum on the Topic of FASA

Purification

The purification of DMT product has several purposes and is accomplished by several different methods, but all of them essentially involve the washing of product in some way or another. Purification either involves the isolation of product from unwanted impurities from the plant source or from the process of extraction, or it involves the isolation of product from active impurities which may or may not be collected after isolation.

Recrystallization

The general purpose of recrystallization is to crystallize the product in a fresh solvent after it has already been isolated from a solvent containing a considerable amount of impurities. This is meant to lessen the interference of impurities on the process of crystallization. Often this process results in more well-formed crystals with less discoloration. The advantage of this method of purification is that the solvent choice for recrystalliztion may be different and more suitable than that chosen for extraction.

Washing

The purpose of washing is to disperse impurities off of the product or out of a solution containing the product and into a disposable solvent

Alkaline Solution Washing of Inactive Impurities

Most of the impurities that plague yields tend to be quite soluble in both alkaline aqueous solutions and non-polar solvents. To remove these impurities, an imbalance in equilibrium must be created between these two types of solutions, causing the impurities to disperse into a disposable solution from the solution containing the product.

Solvent Washing and Isolation of Active Impurities

Active impurities require a slightly different method of isolation for purification and generally rely strictly on differences of their solubility or insolubility in specific solvents. Often, reactions are required in order to create these differences, as the products tend to exhibit very similar properties.

Freebase Conversion from Salt

The methods used for converting crystalline salt-form DMT into freebase are not dissimilar from those used in extraction. The only significant difference between the processes is that the conversion involves far fewer impurities and less material than the extraction. Because of of this and the fact that it involves the isolation of the product from an acid, the conversion acts as a sort of purification method.

STB Conversion

This conversion is simplistic in that it almost exactly resembles the methods used in [The%DMT-Nexus%Extraction%Handbook.ashx#bBB:STBTechniquesb39|STB Techniques], though it is significantly simpler in that it involves less material, fewer impurities, and does not require a strong base.

Materials:

[NPS|Nonpolar Solvent]
Weak Base:
- Either Sodium Carbonate (Washing Soda)
- or Calcium Hydroxide (Pickling Lime)
- or Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda)
  - [The%20DMT-Nexus%20Extraction%20Handbook.ashx#bBDC:MaterialPreparationb12|Converted to Sodium Carbonate]
Water (Preferably Distilled)

Drytek Conversion

This conversion is preferred for it's lack of need for separatory methods and for it's notably dry quality which facilitates the use of acetone. This method of conversion evolved out of the [FASA|FASA] method and is characteristically identical to Drytek extraction.

Materials:

[The%20DMT-Nexus%20Extraction%20Handbook.ashx#bBDC:MaterialPreparationb12|Anhydrous Acetone]
[The%20DMT-Nexus%20Extraction%20Handbook.ashx#bBDC:MaterialPreparationb12|Anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate]
Weak Base:
- Either Sodium Carbonate (Washing Soda)
- or Calcium Hydroxide (Pickling Lime)
- or Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda)
  - [The%20DMT-Nexus%20Extraction%20Handbook.ashx#bBDC:MaterialPreparationb12|Converted to Sodium Carbonate]
Water (Preferably Distilled)

Procedure:

Mix [DMT Fumarate|DMT Fumarate] with the intended base at ratio of about 1:1.
- No reaction occurs at this point.
Add only enough water to thoroughly hydrate the mixture to the consistency of a paste while stirring to ensure the consistency of the mixture.
- The fumaric acid undergoes reaction with the base, effectively neutralizing the acid and freeing the product in its pure alkaloid form, or freebase.
Stir in anhydrous magnesium sulfate until thoroughly dry.
- The magnesium sulfate acts as a desiccant, and is performed in order to prevent water contamination of the acetone.
Add an excess of anhydrous acetone and stir thoroughly, allotting adequate time and stirring for thorough dissolution of the product into the acetone.
- The more contact allotted between the product and the acetone, the greater the saturation.
Decant and/or filter acetone and collect, being careful not to allow any particulates into the collection vessel.
- The bases used should not harm the quality of the product, but may interfere with the accuracy of weight.
Repeat steps 5-6 with fresh acetone until material is exhausted to satisfaction.
- Three washes is generally considered sufficient.

Further Elaboration and Technical Support

Forum on the Topic of FASA

Administration

Leaf Enhancement

Vaporization

The vaporization method of administration pertains to the use of pure freebase product with no additional material. This method generally makes use of heating an apparatus that is intended to distribute the heat to the product until it reaches the point of vaporization and can be inhaled.

Glass-Pipe Vaporizers

Glass-pipe vaporizers are glass pieces that are meant to be heated directly in order to indirectly disperse that heat into the product. The glass used must be thin enough for the heat to pass through its structure and potentially distribute the heat evenly. The piece must have a chamber within which the product will undergo vaporization. It must be assembled in a manner that will allow for air intake and output: The output being the inhalation nozzle, and the input being a sort of carb.

Improvisation of a Glass Pipe Vaporizer:

"The Machine"

"The Machine" is essentially a glass vaporizer in which heat is meant to distribute through the pipe rather than across the glass. It utilizes a metal mesh plug inside of the pipe, on which the product is to be placed, melted and vaporized. The mesh acts both as a screen and a heat-sink, simultaneously allowing for the even heating of the product and prevention from inhaling unvaporized particulates.

This method of vaporization includes the standard variations—which are essentially the simple combination of a vaporizing bowl and a vapor chamber with an inhalation nozzle—and the bubbler variation in which the vapor passes through a water heat-sink before reaching the vapor chamber and inhalation nozzle.

Improvisation of the Standard Variation:

Obtain a glass piece with only two openings—one smaller than the other—accessing a single chamber.
- The most common method is to use a small bottle and drill a small hole in the bottom.
- Though a straight tube, such as a dropper stem, could be used, a larger vapor chamber may lend itself to a cooler vapor.
Prepare a plug made of metal mesh by cutting a piece of an excess of the appropriate size to fit in the larger opening of the glass piece.
- Stainless steel and copper of a coarse mesh are preferable, as they do not tend to burn at the temperatures needed for vaporization.
Using pliers to hold the cutting, use a torch to thoroughly burn off any coatings found on the mesh.
- Perform this step until no more smoke can be observed emanating from the cutting.
Allow to cool and roll the cutting tight enough to fit in the larger opening of the glass piece.
- The plug needs to be tight enough to suspend it in the opening but not so tight as to block air passage.
Obtain an inhalation nozzle or mouthpiece of some kind if necessary to facilitate inhalation from the vapor chamber through the smaller opening in the piece.
- A tube or straw of some kind is the most common method.

Improvisation of the Bubbler Variation:

This variation can apply to the use of a small bubbler pipes, bong-style bubblers, or improvised bubblers.
One need only to follow steps 2-4 of the standard variation though in application to the bowl of a bubbler rather than an improvised glass-piece.
The water in the bubbler acts only as a heat-sink and will not absorb a significant if any amount of product, as the freebase product is not very soluble in water.
The use of ice in cooling should be forgone, as it may cause the premature precipitation of product within the chamber.

Effective Use and Maintenance

As the term indicates, vaporizers are intended to vaporize, not to burn product, as such, the product should never come into contact with the flame or be overly heated to the point of burning. Generally, a vacuum must be generated in order to direct the heat through the product and to direct the vapor into the chamber. Which should not be allowed to sit for too long, as it may begin to precipitate within the chamber. Every toke should be held in the lungs as long as necessary for the vapor to be completely absorbed, as no vapor should be exhaled.

Heat-Source:

Though many prefer a butane torch for expedient heating, and though many manners of vaporizer demand its use, a standard lighter will produce adequate heat for vaporization. A standard lighter is generally ideal for vaporizers that generate a strong enough vacuum to pull the flame toward the heat sink.

Common Methods of Inhalation:

Some prefer to vaporize their entire dose before inhaling so as to administer one strong toke. This method can be quite harsh and difficult on the lungs and throat and may induce coughing. However, this is reportedly the most intense method of administration, almost always inducing a "breakthrough" if held in the lungs for adequate absorption.
Others prefer to administer one dose within multiple tokes, which is reportedly slightly longer-lasting and much easier on the lungs and throat though possibly less intense. Usually the amount of tokes taken depends on the intended depth of the experience. In many cases, three is found to be more than adequate and four is said to be a "breakthrough" dose. Any subsequent tokes to the first toke must occur within mere minutes, as tolerance builds rapidly.

Cleaning the Apparatus:

The apparatus used for vaporization can be cleaned using the same solvents used for extraction. However, volatility and toxicity concerns should be a strong consideration in choosing the proper solvent.

It is preferable to choose a solvent that evaporates quickly and cleanly and able to dissolve a broad range of products, as oxidization is likely to have occurred.
Residual solvent residue may be hazardous, as the user may inhale harmful fumes.

The residual product dissolved by the cleaning solvent may be salvaged by appropriate methods of crystallization. However, it is likely to contain a variety of inactive constituents, so proper purification measures would be advisable.

Concerns Regarding the Experience

The primary effects of smoked DMT, induced within minutes of administration, last for about 5-10 minutes and are characterized by strong visual hallucination, a strong psychedelic quality, and minor auditory hallucination, while the secondary effects of a much more mild character may last for up to an hour.
Tolerance is reportedly induced rapidly and often dissipates rapidly, though repeated or high doses may induce a slightly longer term tolerance.
The experience of smoking DMT is said to be quite overwhelming. It is often necessary for the user to have a "sitter" nearby to tend to the smoking apparatus so as to not risk the possibility of the user damaging it or accidentally inflicting burns. It can also be temporarily debilitating, so the user may be advised to refrain from any physical activity.
Set and setting are of the utmost importance, as the user is often rendered temporarily vulnerable and emotionally fragile. The user must determine the appropriate conditions in which administration is to take place but is advised to initially seek out a setting containing minimal stimuli.
It may also behoove the user to seek out a more experienced sitter for guidance and support. Often this is unavailable, and as such, it would be more advisable for the user to perform the rite in solitude. An inexperienced sitter may inadvertently induce anxiety in the user out of negligence or unnecessary concern.

Further Elaboration and Technical Support

"The Machine" Article from The Entheogen Review

Potentiation

Discussion of Harmaloids

-Haramloid Selection -Brief Overview of Harmaloid Extraction and Isolation -Harmaloid Use

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
-=='''0: Source Selection'''==
+=='''Source Selection'''==
 DMT, its analogues, and other related alkaloids can be found in a wide variety of lifeforms, varying from trace amounts to considerable amounts. It is impossible, therefore, to include all of the sources from which DMT can be extracted, so the following discussion will focus primarily on the most commonly used and significant botanical sources.
-==='''0.1: Botanical Considerations'''===
+==='''Botanical Considerations'''===
 Several species of plants contain a variety of constituents apart from DMT. This consideration is of the utmost importance when selecting the source plant from which an extraction is to be performed, as it may become the determining factor in the material requirements of the extraction process. Some plants may even contain toxic alkaloids, so thorough research must be conducted prior to selection, extraction, and administration.
-====='''0.1.1: Reported Active Constituents'''=====
+====='''Reported Active Constituents'''=====
 '''Mimosa Hostilis''':  ?
@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 See also:
-:[http://dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1123|Plants that Contain DMT]
+:[http://dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1123 Plants that Contain DMT]
-====='''0.1.2: Methods of Refinery'''=====
+====='''Methods of Refinery'''=====
 Before extracting alkaloids from the variety of plants named above, one generally needs to clean and prepare the plant source, to include washing, pulverization, or any other necessary pre-treatment.
@@ Line 125: / Line 125: @@
   The pieces of dried bark will now have to be grinded which can be done in a good quality blender or a coffee grinder. Allow resting periods for the blender in between grinding to ensure that the grinder does not over heat.
 The grinding process allows optimum material exposure and will assist in obtaining higher yields.
-====='''0.1.3: Defatting Concerns'''=====
+====='''Defatting Concerns'''=====
-==='''0.2: Vendor Considerations'''===
+==='''Vendor Considerations'''===
 ::: -Quality of Material
 ::: -Privacy Concerns
-==='''0.3: Methods of Cultivation'''===
+==='''Methods of Cultivation'''===
-=='''1: Extraction'''==
+=='''Extraction'''==
 [[Image:800px-Dimethyltryptamine-3d-sticks.png|thumb]]
@@ Line 143: / Line 143: @@
 :[http://dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1085 DMT Extraction Overview]
-==='''1.1: STB Techniques'''===
+==='''STB Techniques'''===
 Considerations:
@@ Line 149: / Line 149: @@
-====='''1.1.1: Overview of Materials and Methods'''=====
+====='''Overview of Materials and Methods'''=====
 {| border="1"
@@ Line 160: / Line 160: @@
-====='''1.1.2: Material Preparation'''=====
+====='''Material Preparation'''=====
-====='''1.1.3: Extraction Procedure'''=====
+====='''Extraction Procedure'''=====
-====='''1.1.4: Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====
+====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====
 : [http://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=22 Forum on the Topic of STB Extraction]
-==='''1.2: A/B Techniques'''===
+==='''A/B Techniques'''===
 Considerations:
@@ Line 181: / Line 181: @@
-====='''1.2.1: Overview of Materials and Methods'''=====
+====='''Overview of Materials and Methods'''=====
 {| border="1"
@@ Line 192: / Line 192: @@
-====='''1.2.2: Material Preparation'''=====
+====='''Material Preparation'''=====
-====='''1.2.3: Extraction Procedure'''=====
+====='''Extraction Procedure'''=====
-====='''1.2.4: Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====
+====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====
 : [http://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=21 Forum on the Topic of A/B Extraction]
-==='''1.3: Dry Techniques'''===
+==='''Dry Techniques'''===
 Dry techniques (drytek) evolved from and are ideally intended for the implementation of the [FASA|FASA] method of crystallization and serve as the only techniques able to implement acetone as an extraction solvent.  Acetone is generally favored for its ability to extract a notably broad range of active products.
@@ Line 214: / Line 214: @@
 : The use of dry techniques requires fewer and less toxic materials than the techniques that employ aqueous phases and separatory methods.  The materials required are generally of a more household nature.  They are most effectively applied to powdered botanical material.  Acetone is, however, completely water miscible, so proper drying procedures are of the utmost importance.  This technique may or may not require the defatting of botanical materials, depending on the intended method of crystallization.  Dry techniques are the youngest of the current extraction techniques though apparently sound in theory and in practice.
-====='''1.3.1: Overview of Materials and Methods'''=====
+====='''Overview of Materials and Methods'''=====
 {| border="1"
@@ Line 240: / Line 240: @@
-====='''1.3.2: Material Preparation'''=====
+====='''Material Preparation'''=====
 {| border="1"
@@ Line 268: / Line 268: @@
 |}
-====='''1.3.3: Extraction Procedure'''=====
+====='''Extraction Procedure'''=====
 # Mix the intended base with the powdered source material at a ratio between 1:2 and 1:1.
@@ Line 286: / Line 286: @@
-====='''1.3.4: Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====
+====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====
 : [http://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1894&p=1 Discussing Alternative Spice Extraction Techniques]
-=='''2: Crystallization'''==
+=='''Crystallization'''==
 [[Image:Dmtx400tt9.jpg|thumb]]
@@ Line 296: / Line 296: @@
 Crystallization is the process by which a product is isolated from a solvent.  This is accomplished by either allowing the solvent to completely evaporate or by causing a precipitation to occur within the solvent, which can then be isolated from the solvent by several methods and then dried of any residual solvent.
-==='''2.1: Evaporation'''===
+==='''Evaporation'''===
 In extraction, evaporation is the process by which a solvent disperses from its liquid form into the air as a vapor and a gas.  When this occurs, the less volatile constituents of the solvent solution are left behind, and as such, it is a common method of isolating solutes from solvent.
@@ Line 308: / Line 308: @@
 * Solvent may become Trapped within the crystal structure of the product, resulting in a less solid and less pure product.
-==='''2.2: Freeze Precipitation'''===
+==='''Freeze Precipitation'''===
 Freeze precipitation is the process by which product is isolated from a solvent through a decrease in solubility achieved by lowering the temperature of the solvent.  This process generally relies on the solvent being completely saturated or super-saturated with product.  Freeze precipitation is generally the fastest method by which product can be isolated immediately following extraction, but it relies on the use of only very specific solvents.  This method is preferably used in conjunction with A/B and STB techniques.
-==='''2.3: Salting Methods'''===
+==='''Salting Methods'''===
 Salting is the process by which freebase DMT is reacted with an acid to create a salt form which is generally water-soluble.  The natural form of DMT in botanical sources tends to be a salt-form, thus facilitating the simple aqueous extraction used to prepare DMT-containing brews.  It is quite common to perform aqueous acid extractions from the material, however&mdash;whether for the purposes of a brew or for A/B extraction.  The salt-form itself rarely lends itself to proper crystallization and usually can only be isolated as an oil unless very specific methods and materials are employed.
-====='''2.3.1: The FASA Method'''=====
+====='''The FASA Method'''=====
 The [FASA|FASA], or fumaric acid saturated acetone, method is a method employed to render [DMT Fumarate|DMT Fumarate].
@@ Line 326: / Line 326: @@
 : Because [DMT Fumarate|DMT Fumarate] is water-soluble, it is also well-suited for oral administration in conjunction with harmaloids, either mixed into a beverage or encapsulated.
-{| border="1"Materials:
+{| border="1"
+|Materials:
 * Anhydrous Acetone
-* Fumaric Acid|}
+* Fumaric Acid
+|}
 Methods:
@@ Line 334: / Line 336: @@
 {| border="1"
-'''Procedure for Rendering Crystalline DMT Fumarate:'''
+|'''Procedure for Rendering Crystalline DMT Fumarate:'''
 # Dissolve about 7mg fumaric acid per mL of fresh anhydrous acetone to prepare a FASA solution, allotting adequate time and stirring for complete saturation, and allowing any excess to settle to the bottom.
 #* ''It is recommended that the solution be prepared in slight excess of fumaric acid rather than an excess of acetone for the procedure to be most effective.''
@@ Line 348: / Line 350: @@
 # Collect the salted product onto an evaporation dish and dry by air-drying or by oven-drying on the lowest possible heat setting.
 #* ''It is advisable to wash the product with anhydrous acetone to remove any potential excess of fumaric acid or NPS.''
-# Store the dry product away from heat and moisture.|}
+# Store the dry product away from heat and moisture.
+|}
-====='''2.3.2: Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====
+====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====
-: [http://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=23|Forum on the Topic of FASA]
+: [http://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=23 Forum on the Topic of FASA]
-[imageright|#Large Ultrapure DMT Crystal|{UP}The%20DMT-Nexus%20Extraction%20Handbook%2fdmtcrystal1th.jpg|{UP}The%20DMT-Nexus%20Extraction%20Handbook%2fdmtcrystal1.jpg]
+=='''Purification'''==
-=='''3: Purification'''==
 [[Image:Dmt crystal.jpg|thumb]]
@@ Line 364: / Line 365: @@
-==='''3.1: Recrystallization'''===
+==='''Recrystallization'''===
 The general purpose of recrystallization is to crystallize the product in a fresh solvent after it has already been isolated from a solvent containing a considerable amount of impurities.  This is meant to lessen the interference of impurities on the process of crystallization.  Often this process results in more well-formed crystals with less discoloration.  The advantage of this method of purification is that the solvent choice for recrystalliztion may be different and more suitable than that chosen for extraction.
-==='''3.2: Washing'''===
+==='''Washing'''===
 The purpose of washing is to disperse impurities off of the product or out of a solution containing the product and into a disposable solvent
-====='''3.2.1: Alkaline Solution Washing of Inactive Impurities'''=====
+====='''Alkaline Solution Washing of Inactive Impurities'''=====
 Most of the impurities that plague yields tend to be quite soluble in both alkaline aqueous solutions and non-polar solvents.  To remove these impurities, an imbalance in equilibrium must be created between these two types of solutions, causing the impurities to disperse into a disposable solution from the solution containing the product.
-====='''3.2.2: Solvent Washing and Isolation of Active Impurities'''=====
+====='''Solvent Washing and Isolation of Active Impurities'''=====
 Active impurities require a slightly different method of isolation for purification and generally rely strictly on differences of their solubility or insolubility in specific solvents.  Often, reactions are required in order to create these differences, as the products tend to exhibit very similar properties.
-==='''3.3: Freebase Conversion from Salt'''===
+==='''Freebase Conversion from Salt'''===
 The methods used for converting crystalline salt-form DMT into freebase are not dissimilar from those used in extraction.  The only significant difference between the processes is that the conversion involves far fewer impurities and less material than the extraction.  Because of of this and the fact that it involves the isolation of the product from an acid, the conversion acts as a sort of purification method.
-====='''3.3.1: STB Conversion'''=====
+====='''STB Conversion'''=====
 This conversion is simplistic in that it almost exactly resembles the methods used in [The%DMT-Nexus%Extraction%Handbook.ashx#bBB:STBTechniquesb39|STB Techniques], though it is significantly simpler in that it involves less material, fewer impurities, and does not require a strong base.
-{| border="1"Materials:
+{| border="1"
+|Materials:
 * ''[NPS|Nonpolar Solvent]
 * Weak Base:
@@ Line 398: / Line 400: @@
 ** or Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda)
 *** [The%20DMT-Nexus%20Extraction%20Handbook.ashx#bBDC:MaterialPreparationb12|Converted to Sodium Carbonate]
-* Water (Preferably Distilled)''|}
+* Water (Preferably Distilled)''
+|}
-====='''3.3.2: Drytek Conversion'''=====
+====='''Drytek Conversion'''=====
 This conversion is preferred for it's lack of need for separatory methods and for it's notably dry quality which facilitates the use of acetone.  This method of conversion evolved out of the [FASA|FASA] method and is characteristically identical to Drytek extraction.
-{| border="1"Materials:
+{| border="1"
+|Materials:
 * ''[The%20DMT-Nexus%20Extraction%20Handbook.ashx#bBDC:MaterialPreparationb12|Anhydrous Acetone]
 * [The%20DMT-Nexus%20Extraction%20Handbook.ashx#bBDC:MaterialPreparationb12|Anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate]
@@ Line 413: / Line 417: @@
 ** or Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda)
 *** [The%20DMT-Nexus%20Extraction%20Handbook.ashx#bBDC:MaterialPreparationb12|Converted to Sodium Carbonate]
-* Water (Preferably Distilled)''|}
+* Water (Preferably Distilled)''
+|}
 Procedure:
@@ Line 429: / Line 434: @@
 #* ''Three washes is generally considered sufficient.''
-====='''3.3.3: Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====
+====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====
-: [http://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=23|Forum on the Topic of FASA]
+: [http://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=23 Forum on the Topic of FASA]
-=='''4: Administration'''==
+=='''Administration'''==
-==='''4.1: Leaf Enhancement'''===
+==='''Leaf Enhancement'''===
-			-Smoking Blends/Sandwiching
+==='''Vaporization'''===
-			-Leaf Infusion
-                        -Use of Automatic Vaporizers
-==='''4.2: Vaporization'''===
 The vaporization method of administration pertains to the use of pure freebase product with no additional material.  This method generally makes use of heating an apparatus that is intended to distribute the heat to the product until it reaches the point of vaporization and can be inhaled.
-====='''4.2.1: Glass-Pipe Vaporizers'''=====
+====='''Glass-Pipe Vaporizers'''=====
 Glass-pipe vaporizers are glass pieces that are meant to be heated directly in order to indirectly disperse that heat into the product.  The glass used must be thin enough for the heat to pass through its structure and potentially distribute the heat evenly.  The piece must have a chamber within which the product will undergo vaporization.  It must be assembled in a manner that will allow for air intake and output:  The output being the inhalation nozzle, and the input being a sort of carb.
-{| border="1"'''Improvisation of a Glass Pipe Vaporizer:'''
+{| border="1"
-* |}
+|'''Improvisation of a Glass Pipe Vaporizer:'''
+|}
-{S:Thumbnail large|right|The Machine|The%20DMT-Nexus%20Extraction%20Handbook%2fTheMachine01.jpg}
+====='''"The Machine"'''=====
-====='''4.2.2: "The Machine"'''=====
 "The Machine" is essentially a glass vaporizer in which heat is meant to distribute through the pipe rather than across the glass.  It utilizes a metal mesh plug inside of the pipe, on which the product is to be placed, melted and vaporized.  The mesh acts both as a screen and a heat-sink, simultaneously allowing for the even heating of the product and prevention from inhaling unvaporized particulates.
@@ Line 461: / Line 461: @@
 This method of vaporization includes the standard variations&mdash;which are essentially the simple combination of a vaporizing bowl and a vapor chamber with an inhalation nozzle&mdash;and the bubbler variation in which the vapor passes through a water heat-sink before reaching the vapor chamber and inhalation nozzle.
-{| border="1"'''Improvisation of the Standard Variation:'''
+{| border="1"
+|'''Improvisation of the Standard Variation:'''
 # Obtain a glass piece with only two openings&mdash;one smaller than the other&mdash;accessing a single chamber.
 #* ''The most common method is to use a small bottle and drill a small hole in the bottom.''
@@ Line 472: / Line 473: @@
 #* ''The plug needs to be tight enough to suspend it in the opening but not so tight as to block air passage.''
 # Obtain an inhalation nozzle or mouthpiece of some kind if necessary to facilitate inhalation from the vapor chamber through the smaller opening in the piece.
-#* ''A tube or straw of some kind is the most common method.''|}
+#* ''A tube or straw of some kind is the most common method.''
+|}
-{| border="1"'''Improvisation of the Bubbler Variation:'''
+{| border="1"
+|'''Improvisation of the Bubbler Variation:'''
 * This variation can apply to the use of a small bubbler pipes, bong-style bubblers, or improvised bubblers.
 * One need only to follow steps 2-4 of the standard variation though in application to the bowl of a bubbler rather than an improvised glass-piece.
 * The water in the bubbler acts only as a heat-sink and will not absorb a significant if any amount of product, as the freebase product is not very soluble in water.
-* The use of ice in cooling should be forgone, as it may cause the premature precipitation of product within the chamber.|}
+* The use of ice in cooling should be forgone, as it may cause the premature precipitation of product within the chamber.
+|}
-====='''4.2.3: Effective Use and Maintenance'''=====
+====='''Effective Use and Maintenance'''=====
 As the term indicates, vaporizers are intended to vaporize, not to burn product, as such, the product should never come into contact with the flame or be overly heated to the point of burning.  Generally, a vacuum must be generated in order to direct the heat through the product and to direct the vapor into the chamber.  Which should not be allowed to sit for too long, as it may begin to precipitate within the chamber.  Every toke should be held in the lungs as long as necessary for the vapor to be completely absorbed, as no vapor should be exhaled.
@@ Line 500: / Line 504: @@
-====='''4.2.4: Concerns Regarding the Experience'''=====
+====='''Concerns Regarding the Experience'''=====
 * The primary effects of smoked DMT, induced within minutes of administration, last for about 5-10 minutes and are characterized by strong visual hallucination, a strong psychedelic quality, and minor auditory hallucination, while the secondary effects of a much more mild character may last for up to an hour.
@@ Line 509: / Line 513: @@
-====='''4.2.5: Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====
+====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====
-: [http://forums.mycotopia.net/attachments/botanicals-cactus-misc-entheogens-psychedelics/67822d1195320961-dmt-pipe-83484machine.jpg|"The Machine" Article from The Entheogen Review]
+: [http://forums.mycotopia.net/attachments/botanicals-cactus-misc-entheogens-psychedelics/67822d1195320961-dmt-pipe-83484machine.jpg "The Machine" Article from The Entheogen Review]
-==='''4.3: Potentiation'''===
+==='''Potentiation'''===
-====='''4.3.1: Discussion of Harmaloids'''=====
+====='''Discussion of Harmaloids'''=====
 			-Haramloid Selection
@@ Line 523: / Line 527: @@
-====='''4.3.2: Oral Administration'''=====
+====='''Oral Administration'''=====
 			-Aya/Anahuasca
@@ Line 529: / Line 533: @@
-====='''4.3.3: Discussion of "Jungle-Spice"'''=====
+====='''Discussion of "Jungle-Spice"'''=====
 			-Isolation and Extraction Techniques
@@ Line 536: / Line 540: @@
 See also:
-:[http://dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1115|"Jungle Spice" - Mystery Alkaloids of Mimosa Root Bark]
+: [http://dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1115 "Jungle Spice" - Mystery Alkaloids of Mimosa Root Bark]
-====='''4.3.4: Further Potentiation'''=====
+====='''Further Potentiation'''=====
 			-Other Potentiating Agents
-=='''5: Appendices'''==
+=='''Appendices'''==
-==='''5.1: Storage Concerns'''===
+==='''Storage Concerns'''===
-==='''5.2: Discussion of Oxidization'''===
+==='''Discussion of Oxidization'''===
-====='''5.2.1: Overview'''=====
+====='''Overview'''=====
-====='''5.2.2: Conversion'''=====
+====='''Conversion'''=====
-			-to Oxidized State
+====='''Administration of DMT N-Oxide'''=====
-			-from Oxidized State
+==='''Analogues'''===
-====='''5.2.3: Administration of DMT N-Oxide'''=====
+====='''5-MEO-DMT'''=====
-==='''5.3: Analogues'''===
-====='''5.3.1: 5-MEO-DMT'''=====
-			-Isolation and Extraction Techniques
-			-Brief Overview of Use
-====='''5.3.2: Bufotenine'''=====
-			-Isolation and Extraction Techniques
-			-Brief Overview of Use
+====='''Bufotenine'''=====
-==='''5.4: References'''===
+==='''References'''===

Difference between revisions of "The Nexian DMT Handbook"

Revision as of 05:10, 9 February 2009

Contents

Source Selection

Botanical Considerations

Reported Active Constituents

Methods of Refinery

Defatting Concerns

Vendor Considerations

Methods of Cultivation

Extraction

STB Techniques

Overview of Materials and Methods

Material Preparation

Extraction Procedure

Further Elaboration and Technical Support

A/B Techniques

Overview of Materials and Methods

Material Preparation

Extraction Procedure

Further Elaboration and Technical Support

Dry Techniques

Overview of Materials and Methods

Material Preparation

Extraction Procedure

Further Elaboration and Technical Support

Crystallization

Evaporation

Freeze Precipitation

Salting Methods

The FASA Method

Further Elaboration and Technical Support

Purification

Recrystallization

Washing

Alkaline Solution Washing of Inactive Impurities

Solvent Washing and Isolation of Active Impurities

Freebase Conversion from Salt

STB Conversion

Drytek Conversion

Further Elaboration and Technical Support

Administration

Leaf Enhancement

Vaporization

Glass-Pipe Vaporizers

"The Machine"

Effective Use and Maintenance

Concerns Regarding the Experience

Further Elaboration and Technical Support

Potentiation

Discussion of Harmaloids

Oral Administration

Discussion of "Jungle-Spice"

Further Potentiation

Appendices

Storage Concerns

Discussion of Oxidization

Overview

Conversion

Administration of DMT N-Oxide

Analogues

5-MEO-DMT

Bufotenine

References

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