Difference between revisions of "Tryptamine"

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== Plants containing Tryptamine ==
 
== Plants containing Tryptamine ==
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Tryptamine is widespread with occurrence in both plants and animals. It is often as a trace alkaloid.
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Only a few representative instances of occurrence are included below:
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Smith 1977b lists occurrences in 26 species in 12 genera.
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(ref Trout's Notes)
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=== Hordeum spp. ===
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[[Hordeum vulgare]]
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*(roots of seedlings) Schneider & Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes
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=== Acacia spp. ===
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[[Acacia acuminata]]
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* Main alkaloid in stem and leaf. Amount not given. Broad leafed form gave 0.72% total alkaloid and narrow-leafed form gave 1.5% total alkaloid. Both collected Oct. White 1957: 719 ref Trout's Notes
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[[Acacia buileyana]]
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* In some samples of leaves. Minor alkaloid in March collection (9 mg from 300 gm of dry leaf) Not observed in July sample of fresh leaf and Sole alkaloid in October collection of fresh leaf (30 mg from 180 gm) Repke eta al. 1973 ref Trout's Notes
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[[Acacia caesia]] (= Acacia intsia Willd.)
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* In root/stem-bark. % not given. Ghosal 1972
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[[Acacia cardiophylla]]
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* Small quantities in stem and leaf. (Amounts not given) White 1957:719.
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[[Acacia cultriformis]]
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*Variable amounts. Detected by White 1957 : 718. ref Trout's Notes
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* Also in stem and leaf and in pods as major alkaloid by White 1951 : 58. ref Trout's Notes
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[[Acacia farnesiana]]
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* In stem-bark Ghosal 1972
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* [not observed by most investigators]: Alkaloid negative in stem. bark. leaf and flowers Fong at al. 1972. Alkaloid negative in stem, leaf and flowers bySmolenski et al. ( 1973). Ehrlich's negative in seeds, rootbark and bark by J. Appleseed 1994 & 1995.
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[[Acacia floribunda]] Sieb. (= Acacia longijolia var.
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floribunda F. v. M.)
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* Significant portion of total bases in tops, major alkaloid in f1owers (less than 1% by dry weight), White 1944b: 157- 162. ref Trout's Notes
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[[Acacia leucophloea]]
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* In root bark, amount not given, Ghosal 1972a ref Trout's Notes
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[[Acacia longifolia]]
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* Some flowers only. Not stem or leaf. While 1951:58 ref Trout's Notes
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[[Acacia nilotica]]
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* In leaves (unconfirmed), according to Oliver-Bever 1986 who gives no reference. ref Trout's Notes
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* Negative alkaloid assay of roots, stem-bark and leaves by Odebiyi & Sofowora 1978 ref Trout's Notes
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[[Acacia podalyriaefolia]] Cunn. (= A. podalyriifolia)
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* Major alkaloid in stem & leaf. White 195 1: 58 & 60. ref Trout's Notes
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* Stem & leaf (0.29% total alkaloids); unripe seedpods (0.11% total alk.) White 1957: 719. ref Trout's Notes
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* From leaves. Balandrin et al. 1978 ref Trout's Notes
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* Leaf and also stem-bark negative for alkaloids by Smolenski et al. 1973
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[[Acacia pruinosa]]
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* Major alkaloid in stem and leaf. ("At most" 0.04% total alkaloids; although a May sampling by White 1944a was reported as containing 0.09% total alkaloids.) White 1944b: 157-162. ref Trout's Notes
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[[Acacia rigidula]]
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* 0.8 ppm in early season / 21.2 ppm in late season.
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* Fresh leaf, petiole & tender twig. Clement et al 1998 ref Trout's Notes
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[[Acacia vestita]].
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* In stem and leaf. (Highly variable.) (January sample- 0.03% and 0.04% tota l alkaloid, May sample 0.28% total alkaloid, august sample- 0.08% total alkaloid, October sample- 0.12% total alkaloid. Tryptamine was present as up to 83% of the total alkaloid.] White 1957: 719 ref Trout's Notes
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=== Mimosa spp. ===
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[[Mimosa scabrella]]
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* DeMoraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes
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[[Mimosa somnians]]
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* (0.026%) Gupta et al. 1979 ref Trout's Notes
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=== Petalostylis spp. ===
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[[Petalostylis labicheoides]]
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* var. casseoides (0.44-0.47% in dry leaf & stem) Johns et al. 1966 ref Trout's Notes
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=== Proposis spp. ===
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[[Prosopis juliflora]]
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* Saxton 1965 ref Trout's Notes
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[[Prosopis nigra]]
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* Moro et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes
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=== Mushrooms ===
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[[Amanita citrina]]
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* (0.0-0.06%) Wurst et al. 1992 ref Trout's Notes
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[[Copelandia cyanescens]]
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* (0.002 & 0.008%) Allen & Merlin 1992a ref Trout's Notes
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[[Psilocybe cubensis]]
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* (0.003% & 0.002% & <0.002%) Allen & Merlin 1992a
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[[Panaeolus antillarum]]
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* (<0.002%) Allen & Merlin 1992a ref Trout's Notes
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[[Panaeolus sphinctrinus]]
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* Merlin & Allen 1993 ref Trout's Notes
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[[Panaeolus semiovatus]]
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* Merlin & Allen 1993 ref Trout's Notes
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[[Panaeolus subbalteatus]]
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* Merlin & Allen 1993 ref Trout's Notes
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=== Humans and other animals ===
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[[Villagorgia rubra]]
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* Espada et af. 1993  ref Trout's Notes
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[[Paramuricea chamaeleon]]
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* Cimino & DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes
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[[Salamandra maculosa]]  (now considered a synonym of Salamamdra salamandra)
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* Erspamer 1954 ref Trout's Notes
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[[Triturus cristatus]]
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* Erspamer 1954 ref Trout's Notes
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Other animals (ref Trout's Notes)
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* Rats: Natural occurence in rat CNS: Christian et al. 1977 and Saavedra & Axelrod 1972
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* Dogs, steers, humans: (Martin et al. 1972 could not detect in rat brain but did in dogs, steers [also Martin et al. 1971] & human. Nice summary of
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earlier work.)
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* Others Eccelston et al. 1966 could not detect it in guinea pig brains (unless given tryptophan & an MAOI) & found errors in published analysis that could generate false positives.
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*Sec also:
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Erspamer 1954
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Graziano et al. 197 1
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Mears & Mabry 1971
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Smith 1977b
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Stowe 1959
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* Humans : Tryptamine has been found in normal human blood and urine by Franzen & Gross 1965; Urine: Rodnight 1956. Found in cerebrospinal fluid of normals & psychotics: Corbett et al. 1978 & Narasimhachari et al. 1971b.
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CSfluid: Christian et al. 1975;. Brain: Martin et al. 1972 ref Trout's Notes
  
 
== Extraction teks ==
 
== Extraction teks ==

Latest revision as of 13:07, 18 November 2011

Brief overview - What is Tryptamine?

Chemical and physical properties

Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety

Plants containing Tryptamine

Tryptamine is widespread with occurrence in both plants and animals. It is often as a trace alkaloid.

Only a few representative instances of occurrence are included below:

Smith 1977b lists occurrences in 26 species in 12 genera.

(ref Trout's Notes)

Hordeum spp.

Hordeum vulgare

  • (roots of seedlings) Schneider & Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes


Acacia spp.

Acacia acuminata

  • Main alkaloid in stem and leaf. Amount not given. Broad leafed form gave 0.72% total alkaloid and narrow-leafed form gave 1.5% total alkaloid. Both collected Oct. White 1957: 719 ref Trout's Notes

Acacia buileyana

  • In some samples of leaves. Minor alkaloid in March collection (9 mg from 300 gm of dry leaf) Not observed in July sample of fresh leaf and Sole alkaloid in October collection of fresh leaf (30 mg from 180 gm) Repke eta al. 1973 ref Trout's Notes

Acacia caesia (= Acacia intsia Willd.)

  • In root/stem-bark. % not given. Ghosal 1972

Acacia cardiophylla

  • Small quantities in stem and leaf. (Amounts not given) White 1957:719.

Acacia cultriformis

  • Variable amounts. Detected by White 1957 : 718. ref Trout's Notes
  • Also in stem and leaf and in pods as major alkaloid by White 1951 : 58. ref Trout's Notes

Acacia farnesiana

  • In stem-bark Ghosal 1972
  • [not observed by most investigators]: Alkaloid negative in stem. bark. leaf and flowers Fong at al. 1972. Alkaloid negative in stem, leaf and flowers bySmolenski et al. ( 1973). Ehrlich's negative in seeds, rootbark and bark by J. Appleseed 1994 & 1995.

Acacia floribunda Sieb. (= Acacia longijolia var. floribunda F. v. M.)

  • Significant portion of total bases in tops, major alkaloid in f1owers (less than 1% by dry weight), White 1944b: 157- 162. ref Trout's Notes

Acacia leucophloea

  • In root bark, amount not given, Ghosal 1972a ref Trout's Notes

Acacia longifolia

  • Some flowers only. Not stem or leaf. While 1951:58 ref Trout's Notes

Acacia nilotica

  • In leaves (unconfirmed), according to Oliver-Bever 1986 who gives no reference. ref Trout's Notes
  • Negative alkaloid assay of roots, stem-bark and leaves by Odebiyi & Sofowora 1978 ref Trout's Notes

Acacia podalyriaefolia Cunn. (= A. podalyriifolia)

  • Major alkaloid in stem & leaf. White 195 1: 58 & 60. ref Trout's Notes
  • Stem & leaf (0.29% total alkaloids); unripe seedpods (0.11% total alk.) White 1957: 719. ref Trout's Notes
  • From leaves. Balandrin et al. 1978 ref Trout's Notes
  • Leaf and also stem-bark negative for alkaloids by Smolenski et al. 1973


Acacia pruinosa

  • Major alkaloid in stem and leaf. ("At most" 0.04% total alkaloids; although a May sampling by White 1944a was reported as containing 0.09% total alkaloids.) White 1944b: 157-162. ref Trout's Notes

Acacia rigidula

  • 0.8 ppm in early season / 21.2 ppm in late season.
  • Fresh leaf, petiole & tender twig. Clement et al 1998 ref Trout's Notes

Acacia vestita.

  • In stem and leaf. (Highly variable.) (January sample- 0.03% and 0.04% tota l alkaloid, May sample 0.28% total alkaloid, august sample- 0.08% total alkaloid, October sample- 0.12% total alkaloid. Tryptamine was present as up to 83% of the total alkaloid.] White 1957: 719 ref Trout's Notes

Mimosa spp.

Mimosa scabrella

  • DeMoraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes

Mimosa somnians

  • (0.026%) Gupta et al. 1979 ref Trout's Notes

Petalostylis spp.

Petalostylis labicheoides

  • var. casseoides (0.44-0.47% in dry leaf & stem) Johns et al. 1966 ref Trout's Notes

Proposis spp.

Prosopis juliflora

  • Saxton 1965 ref Trout's Notes

Prosopis nigra

  • Moro et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes

Mushrooms

Amanita citrina

  • (0.0-0.06%) Wurst et al. 1992 ref Trout's Notes

Copelandia cyanescens

  • (0.002 & 0.008%) Allen & Merlin 1992a ref Trout's Notes


Psilocybe cubensis

  • (0.003% & 0.002% & <0.002%) Allen & Merlin 1992a

Panaeolus antillarum

  • (<0.002%) Allen & Merlin 1992a ref Trout's Notes

Panaeolus sphinctrinus

  • Merlin & Allen 1993 ref Trout's Notes

Panaeolus semiovatus

  • Merlin & Allen 1993 ref Trout's Notes

Panaeolus subbalteatus

  • Merlin & Allen 1993 ref Trout's Notes

Humans and other animals

Villagorgia rubra

  • Espada et af. 1993 ref Trout's Notes

Paramuricea chamaeleon

  • Cimino & DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes

Salamandra maculosa (now considered a synonym of Salamamdra salamandra)

  • Erspamer 1954 ref Trout's Notes


Triturus cristatus

  • Erspamer 1954 ref Trout's Notes


Other animals (ref Trout's Notes)

  • Rats: Natural occurence in rat CNS: Christian et al. 1977 and Saavedra & Axelrod 1972
  • Dogs, steers, humans: (Martin et al. 1972 could not detect in rat brain but did in dogs, steers [also Martin et al. 1971] & human. Nice summary of

earlier work.)

  • Others Eccelston et al. 1966 could not detect it in guinea pig brains (unless given tryptophan & an MAOI) & found errors in published analysis that could generate false positives.
  • Sec also:

Erspamer 1954 Graziano et al. 197 1 Mears & Mabry 1971 Smith 1977b Stowe 1959

  • Humans : Tryptamine has been found in normal human blood and urine by Franzen & Gross 1965; Urine: Rodnight 1956. Found in cerebrospinal fluid of normals & psychotics: Corbett et al. 1978 & Narasimhachari et al. 1971b.

CSfluid: Christian et al. 1975;. Brain: Martin et al. 1972 ref Trout's Notes

Extraction teks

Dosages and consumption methods

Analysis of Tryptamine

Scientific publications

Other links of interest

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