Difference between revisions of "Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties"

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(Psilocybin (Psilocin Phosphate Ester))
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For more detailed information on each compound, please visit their individual wikis as linked in the [[:Category:Alkaloids|Alkaloids]] section
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== Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties ==
 
== Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties ==
  
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==== Freebase DMT ====
 
==== Freebase DMT ====
 
<table><tr><td>[[Image:dmtfreebase.png]]</td><td></table>
 
<table><tr><td>[[Image:dmtfreebase.png]]</td><td></table>
* Appearance: White/Transparent crystals
+
* Appearance: White/Transparent crystals or clear oil. Polymorphic (Gaujac et al 2013)
 
* CAS Registry Number:  61-50-7
 
* CAS Registry Number:  61-50-7
 
* Composition: C12H16N2
 
* Composition: C12H16N2
 
* Molecular Weight: 188.26884 g/mol
 
* Molecular Weight: 188.26884 g/mol
* Melting point: 44-68°C (Conflicting reports in literature, as mentioned in [http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/browse.php?domain=tk TIHKAL])
+
* Melting point: 45-46 and 57-58°C , Polymorphic (Gaujac et al 2013)
* Boiling point:
+
* Boiling point: No mention in literature, predicted by chemspider: 332.1±25.0 °C
 
* XLogP: 2.0
 
* XLogP: 2.0
 
* XLogP3: 2.5 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=6089&loc=ec_rcs PubChem])
 
* XLogP3: 2.5 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=6089&loc=ec_rcs PubChem])
* pKa: 8.68 ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
+
* pKa: 8.68 ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
* Stability/Degradation: Oxidation to DMT N-Oxide (yellow oil) in extended presence of oxygen (specialy in evaporation of dmt-containing solvents with heat and/or fan or generally in prolonged exposure to open air). N-oxide may be reverted back to the parent compound by reduction, as described [http://www.anoniem.org/?http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/DMT_N-Oxide_to_Freebase_DMT in the N-Oxide to Freebase Wiki].
+
* Colorimetric reagent results: [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=25771 Here]
 +
* Stability/Degradation: Oxidation to DMT N-Oxide (yellow oil) in extended presence of oxygen (specialy in evaporation of dmt-containing solvents with heat and/or fan or generally in prolonged exposure to open air). N-oxide may be reverted back to the parent compound by reduction, as described [http://www.anoniem.org/?http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/DMT_N-Oxide_to_Freebase_DMT in the N-Oxide to Freebase Wiki].
 
* Solubility:  
 
* Solubility:  
 
Very Soluble in Xylene, Toluene, Limonene, acetone, Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA), methanol, ethanol, Dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform, ether, Butanone (also known as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)) and butanol.
 
Very Soluble in Xylene, Toluene, Limonene, acetone, Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA), methanol, ethanol, Dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform, ether, Butanone (also known as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)) and butanol.
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==== DMT N-Oxide ====
 
==== DMT N-Oxide ====
 
<table><tr><td>[[Image:dmtnoxide.jpg]]</td><td></table>
 
<table><tr><td>[[Image:dmtnoxide.jpg]]</td><td></table>
* Appearance: Yellow oil
+
* Appearance: Basic oil (Weak base. Weaker than DMT, NMT or tryptamine.) Fish et al. 1956.  Hygroscopic solid Banerjee & Ghosal 1969
 
* XLogP3: 2
 
* XLogP3: 2
 +
* Colorimetric reagent results: [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=25771 Here]
 
* Solubility:
 
* Solubility:
Soluble in Xylene, Toluene, Limonene
+
Soluble in Xylene, Toluene, Limonene (?)
 +
Soluble in chloroform Bane1 and Ghosal 1969
 +
Soluble in water. Fish et al. 1955 and Ghosal et al. 1970b and Banerjee & Ghosal 1969
 +
 
  
Slightly soluble in basic water
+
Insoluble in petroleum (naphtha) but appreciably soluble in petroleum which contains fats. Ghosal & Banerjee 1969
  
Insoluble in naphtha
+
* Interconversion: It has been claimed that DMT N-Oxide can be reconverted back to [[DMT]] by redissolving in dilute acetic acid solution, adding excess zinc dust, mixing for a couple of hours, filtering to remove zinc, adding base and pulling with organic solvent as in a normal extraction.  [[DMT]] can be oxidized by using hydrogen peroxide ([https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/resource.ashx?a=7966 Fish et al 1955])
  
 
==== DMT Fumarate ====
 
==== DMT Fumarate ====
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* Boiling point: 336.181 °C at 760 mmHg ([http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.11523514.html Chemspider])
 
* Boiling point: 336.181 °C at 760 mmHg ([http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.11523514.html Chemspider])
 
* XLogP3: 2.1 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=6088 PubChem])
 
* XLogP3: 2.1 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=6088 PubChem])
 +
* Colorimetric reagent results: [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=25771 Here]
 
* Stability/Degradation: Darkens over time, but does not seem to form oxides ([https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=23544&p=2 Source] )
 
* Stability/Degradation: Darkens over time, but does not seem to form oxides ([https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=23544&p=2 Source] )
 
* Solubility:  
 
* Solubility:  
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* XLogP3: 1.5 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=1832&loc=ec_rcs PubChem])
 
* XLogP3: 1.5 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=1832&loc=ec_rcs PubChem])
 
* pKa: 9.3 (Ghosal & Mukherjee 1964)
 
* pKa: 9.3 (Ghosal & Mukherjee 1964)
 +
* Colorimetric reagent results: [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=25771 Here]
 
* Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids ([http://ch3v1.chemexper.com/cheminfo/servlet/org.dbcreator.MainServlet?sort=&query=msds._msdsID%3D11173&target=msds&action=PowerSearch&from=0&format=ccd&searchValue=j%60qQ%40%40IVAdbfRfTJTYrRj%40Bfjb%40%40%40&history=off&realQuery=structure._structureID%3D4638142&onclick=1&selectionInfo=&searchTemplate=uniqueMol.structureString%3D%3F+elsor+uniqueMol.structureID%3D%3F&options=brandqtyoffer Source])
 
* Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids ([http://ch3v1.chemexper.com/cheminfo/servlet/org.dbcreator.MainServlet?sort=&query=msds._msdsID%3D11173&target=msds&action=PowerSearch&from=0&format=ccd&searchValue=j%60qQ%40%40IVAdbfRfTJTYrRj%40Bfjb%40%40%40&history=off&realQuery=structure._structureID%3D4638142&onclick=1&selectionInfo=&searchTemplate=uniqueMol.structureString%3D%3F+elsor+uniqueMol.structureID%3D%3F&options=brandqtyoffer Source])
 
* Solubility:
 
* Solubility:
Soluble in: Chloroform, ether, DCM, acetone, methanol, ethanol (Trout's notes on simple tryptamines). Soluble in (at least) 20mg/ml 96% ethanol ([https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=176401#post176401 Source]).  
+
Soluble in: Chloroform, ether, DCM, acetone, methanol, ethanol (Trout's notes on simple tryptamines). Soluble in (at least) 20mg/ml 96% ethanol ([https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=176401#post176401 Source]).  
  
 
Hexane/Naphtha/Pet ether are commonly used to crystallize it (Ott 1993, Espamer et al 1967, Morimoto & Matsumoto 1966, etc) , so it is probably moderately soluble in these solvents.
 
Hexane/Naphtha/Pet ether are commonly used to crystallize it (Ott 1993, Espamer et al 1967, Morimoto & Matsumoto 1966, etc) , so it is probably moderately soluble in these solvents.
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* XLogP: 1.6
 
* XLogP: 1.6
 
* XLogP3: 1.2 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
 
* XLogP3: 1.2 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
* pKa:
+
* pKa: 9.67
 +
* Colorimetric reagent results: [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=25771 Here]
 
* Solubility:
 
* Solubility:
 
Acetone @ 20 C: soluble (5 g/100 ml)
 
Acetone @ 20 C: soluble (5 g/100 ml)
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D-Limonene (Orange Oil) @ 176 C: soluble (more than 1.7 g/100 ml)
 
D-Limonene (Orange Oil) @ 176 C: soluble (more than 1.7 g/100 ml)
  
Dilute Acids and Alkalis: Soluble ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
+
Dilute Acids and Alkalis: Soluble ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
  
 
Ethanol @ 20 C: soluble
 
Ethanol @ 20 C: soluble
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* Melting Point: 103-104°C ([http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=18 TIHKAL]) , 173-176°C (Merck Index)
 
* Melting Point: 103-104°C ([http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=18 TIHKAL]) , 173-176°C (Merck Index)
 
* XLogP3: 2.1 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
 
* XLogP3: 2.1 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
 +
* Colorimetric reagent results: [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=25771 Here]
 
* Stability/Degradation: Unstable in solution, especially alkaline solution (Merck Index).
 
* Stability/Degradation: Unstable in solution, especially alkaline solution (Merck Index).
 
* Solubility:
 
* Solubility:
Soluble in 70% ethanol. Poorly soluble in dry ethanol, and poorly soluble in ethanol less than 60%. Very slightly soluble in water (sources: [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index] , [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=221711#post221711 scientific publications])
+
Soluble in 70% ethanol. Poorly soluble in dry ethanol, and poorly soluble in ethanol less than 60%. Very slightly soluble in water (sources: [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index] , [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=221711#post221711 scientific publications])
  
 
=== Psilocybin ===
 
=== Psilocybin ===
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* Composition: C12H17N2O4P
 
* Composition: C12H17N2O4P
 
* Molecular Weight: 284.248141 g/mol
 
* Molecular Weight: 284.248141 g/mol
* Melting Point: 220-228° from boiling water; 185-195° from boiling methanol ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
+
* Melting Point: 220-228° from boiling water; 185-195° from boiling methanol ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
 +
Free base:
 +
Stable compound. Colorless crystals. Hofmann 1971
 +
pH 5.2 (in 50% EtOH) Merck 9th
 +
More stable than psilocin. Shulgin & Shulgin !997
 +
mp 175-180° Repke & leslie 1977
 +
mp 185-195° (from boiling methanol) Ott 1996
 +
mp 185-195° (from methanol) Picker & Rickards 1970
 +
(Also in Perkal 1981)
 +
rnp 185-195° (dec.) (white crystals) Clarke 's 1986
 +
mp 190° Mantle & Waight 1969
 +
 
 
* XLogP3: -1.6 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=10624&loc=ec_rcs PubChem])
 
* XLogP3: -1.6 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=10624&loc=ec_rcs PubChem])
 +
* Colorimetric reagent results: [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=25771 Here]
 
* Stability/Degradation: Dephosphorylated into Psilocin under acidic conditions. Also when ingested, by phosphatases enzymes.
 
* Stability/Degradation: Dephosphorylated into Psilocin under acidic conditions. Also when ingested, by phosphatases enzymes.
 
* Solubility:
 
* Solubility:
Soluble in water. Soluble in 20 parts boiling water (= 0.79g/ml in boiling water), 120 parts boiling methanol (= 0.0932g/ml in boiling methanol); very soluble in 70% methanol saturated with KNO3, soluble in dry methanol, difficultly soluble in ethanol, increasingly less soluble in methanol less than 80%. Practically insoluble in chloroform, benzene (sources: [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index] , [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=221711#post221711 scientific publications])
+
Soluble in water (estimated 2mg/ml at 25C). Soluble in 20 parts boiling water (= 0.79g/ml in boiling water), 120 parts boiling methanol (= 0.0932g/ml in boiling methanol); very soluble in 70% methanol saturated with KNO3, soluble in dry methanol, difficultly soluble in ethanol, increasingly less soluble in methanol less than 80%. Practically insoluble in chloroform, benzene (sources: [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index] , [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=221711#post221711 scientific publications], [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Psilocybin#section=Solubility PubChem])
  
 
=== Mescaline ===
 
=== Mescaline ===
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* CAS Registry Number:  54-04-6
 
* CAS Registry Number:  54-04-6
 
* Composition: C11H17NO3
 
* Composition: C11H17NO3
* Melting point: 35-36°C (Kindler and Peschke, 103.  [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
+
* Melting point: 35-36°C (Kindler and Peschke, 103.  [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
 
* Boiling point: 180°C (12 mmHg)
 
* Boiling point: 180°C (12 mmHg)
 
* XLogP: 0.6 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
 
* XLogP: 0.6 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
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Notes: forms mescaline carbonate on prolonged exposure to air
 
Notes: forms mescaline carbonate on prolonged exposure to air
 
* Average dose: 300 to 600 milligrams with a duration of 5 to 12 hours.
 
* Average dose: 300 to 600 milligrams with a duration of 5 to 12 hours.
 +
* Colorimetric reagent results: [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=25771 Here]
 
* Solubility
 
* Solubility
 
Soluble in: alcohol, chloroform, benzene, xylene, toluene, acetone, dichloromethane, highly soluble in isopropyl alcohol, soluble in d-limonene
 
Soluble in: alcohol, chloroform, benzene, xylene, toluene, acetone, dichloromethane, highly soluble in isopropyl alcohol, soluble in d-limonene
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* CAS Number: 832-92-8
 
* CAS Number: 832-92-8
 
* Appearance: colorless crystals, needles
 
* Appearance: colorless crystals, needles
* Melting point: 184°C ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
+
* Melting point: 184°C ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
 
* Solubility:
 
* Solubility:
Moderately soluble in: water, alcohol ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index]), methanol (at least 1.0 mg/ml, source Sigma Aldrich solution)
+
Moderately soluble in: water, ethanol ~10mg/ml (ref: [https://www.caymanchem.com/pdfs/11950.pdf  Cayman Chemical]) ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index]), methanol ~1.0mg/ml (source Sigma Aldrich solution)
(Merck Index)
+
(Merck Index), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) ~3mg/ml (ref: Cayman Chemical), dimethyl formamide ~0.5mg/ml (ref: [https://www.caymanchem.com/app/template/Product.vm/catalog/11950/promo/emolecules%5B Cayman Chemical])
 +
 
 
Insoluble in: practically insoluble in toluene and acetone, insoluble in isopropyl alcohol, diethyl ether, and d-limonene
 
Insoluble in: practically insoluble in toluene and acetone, insoluble in isopropyl alcohol, diethyl ether, and d-limonene
 
* LD50: i.p. rats 132 mg/kg
 
* LD50: i.p. rats 132 mg/kg
 
* Storage temperature: 2-8°C (Sigma Aldrich)
 
* Storage temperature: 2-8°C (Sigma Aldrich)
* Isolation: when mescaline hydrochloride is extracted from San Pedro, Achuma, or Peruvian torch, it can be isolated from the other alkaloids by washing it in IPA or acetone (use 10 ml per gram of alkaloids, and wash 2-3 times). The non-mescaline alkaloids dissolve in the IPA or acetate, while the mescaline hydrochloride does not. Note that for the cleanest results use about 2 washes of acetone, and then 2 washes with IPA.
+
* Isolation: when mescaline hydrochloride is extracted from San Pedro, Achuma, or Peruvian torch, it can be isolated from the other alkaloids by washing it in IPA or acetone (use 10 ml per gram of alkaloids, and wash 2-3 times). The non-mescaline alkaloids dissolve in the IPA or acetone (* NOTE: previous sentence is speculation, not yet substantiated by tests as far as we know), while the mescaline hydrochloride does not. Note that for the cleanest results use about 2 washes of acetone, and then 2 washes with IPA.
  
 
==== Mescaline Picrate ====
 
==== Mescaline Picrate ====
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* Molecular Weight: 309.33606
 
* Molecular Weight: 309.33606
 
* Soluble in: hot water, methanol
 
* Soluble in: hot water, methanol
* Almost insoluble in: near freezing water, alcohol, acetone <nowiki>*</nowiki>
+
* Almost insoluble in: near freezing water, alcohol, acetone <nowiki>*</nowiki> [VERIFIED]
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Possible unreliable web source.
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Possible unreliable web source.
  
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Soluble in: water
 
Soluble in: water
  
Insoluble in: Limonene, Anydrous IPA, Acetone, MEK (most likely insoluble in all non-polars like xylene and toluene) [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=18705 Source]
+
Insoluble in: Limonene, Anydrous IPA, Acetone, MEK (most likely insoluble in all non-polars like xylene and toluene) [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=18705 Source]
  
 
==== Mescaline Acetate ====
 
==== Mescaline Acetate ====
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* Melting Point: 152-153 °C ([http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/browse.php?domain=tk TIHKAL])
 
* Melting Point: 152-153 °C ([http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/browse.php?domain=tk TIHKAL])
 
* XLogP3: 3.9 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
 
* XLogP3: 3.9 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
* pKa: 8.1 in 80% methylcellosolve ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
+
* pKa: 8.1 in 80% methylcellosolve ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
* Solubility: Soluble in limonene ([http://www.anoniem.org/?https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=10651 Non-Toxic Iboga Extraction]) soluble in acetone (merck)
+
* Colorimetric reagent results: [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=25771 Here]
 +
* Solubility: Soluble in limonene ([http://www.anoniem.org/?https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=10651 Non-Toxic Iboga Extraction]) soluble in acetone (merck)
  
 
==== Ibogaine Hydrochloride ====
 
==== Ibogaine Hydrochloride ====
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* Composition: C22H28N2O3
 
* Composition: C22H28N2O3
 
* Molecular Weight: 368.46932 g/mole
 
* Molecular Weight: 368.46932 g/mole
* Melting Point: 136–137 °C ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
+
* Melting Point: 136–137 °C ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
* pKa: 7.4 (40% aq methanol); 5.73 (33% DMF)  ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
+
* pKa: 7.4 (40% aq methanol); 5.73 (33% DMF)  ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
 
* XLogP3-AA: 3.5 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
 
* XLogP3-AA: 3.5 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
  
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* Molecular Weight: 114.10264 g/mol
 
* Molecular Weight: 114.10264 g/mol
 
* Melting Point: 175°C (Merck Index)
 
* Melting Point: 175°C (Merck Index)
 +
* Boiling Point: 70°C (Wolfram Alpha)
 
* XLogP3-AA: -1.4 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=4266&loc=ec_rcs PubChem])
 
* XLogP3-AA: -1.4 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=4266&loc=ec_rcs PubChem])
 +
* pKa: 4.8 (Indiana University])
 +
* Solubility: Very soluble in water and methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol, DMSO and DMF. ~10mg/ml in phosphate buffered saline @ pH 7.2 ([http://www.caymanchem.com/pdfs/13667.pdf Caymanchem.com])
  
 
=== Salvinorin A ===
 
=== Salvinorin A ===
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* XLogP3: 3.6
 
* XLogP3: 3.6
 
* pKa: 7.7
 
* pKa: 7.7
* Solubility:
+
* Colorimetric reagent results: [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=25771 Here]
Insoluble in basic water, poorly soluble in distilled water. Reasonably soluble in acetone (at 25°C, acetone can dissolve 4mg/ml mixed harmalas as [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=200200#post200200 this test shows])
+
* Solubility: ethanol (~1.5mg/ml), DMSO (~1.5mg/ml) and dimethyl formamide ([https://www.caymanchem.com/app/template/Product.vm/catalog/10010324 ~1.5mg/ml]). Reasonably soluble in acetone (at 25°C, acetone can dissolve 4mg/ml mixed harmalas as [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=200200#post200200 this test shows])
* Isolation: To separate from harmaline, using pKa properties, raise pH of solution containing both alkaloids to pH 8.75 to precipitate 92% of harmine and only 8% Harmaline. Filter to retrieve precipitated alkaloids, and raise the pH further to retrieve the bulk of harmaline. Check the [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=5725 freebase percentage calculator thread] and the [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide Harmala Extraction Guide] for more info.
+
Insoluble in: Basic water, diethyl ether. Low solubility in distilled water.
 +
* Isolation: To separate from harmaline, using pKa properties, raise pH of solution containing both alkaloids to pH 8.75 to precipitate 92% of harmine and only 8% Harmaline. Filter to retrieve precipitated alkaloids, and raise the pH further to retrieve the bulk of harmaline. Check the [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=5725 freebase percentage calculator thread] and the [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide Harmala Extraction Guide] for more info.
  
 
==== Harmine Hydrochloride ====
 
==== Harmine Hydrochloride ====
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* XLogP3: 1.2
 
* XLogP3: 1.2
 
* pKa: 9.8
 
* pKa: 9.8
 +
* Colorimetric reagent results: [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=25771 Here]
 
* Solubility:
 
* Solubility:
Slightly soluble in basic water, poorly soluble in distilled water. Reasonably soluble in acetone (at 25°C, acetone can dissolve 4mg/ml mixed harmalas as [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=200200#post200200 this test shows])
+
Slightly soluble in basic water, poorly soluble in distilled water. Reasonably soluble in acetone (at 25°C, acetone can dissolve 4mg/ml mixed harmalas as [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=200200#post200200 this test shows])
* Isolation: To separate from harmine, using pKa properties, raise pH of solution containing both alkaloids to pH 8.75 to precipitate 92% of harmine and only 8% Harmaline. Filter to retrieve precipitated alkaloids, and raise the pH further to retrieve the bulk of harmaline. Check the [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=5725 freebase percentage calculator thread] and the [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide Harmala Extraction Guide] for more info.
+
* Isolation: To separate from harmine, using pKa properties, raise pH of solution containing both alkaloids to pH 8.75 to precipitate 92% of harmine and only 8% Harmaline. Filter to retrieve precipitated alkaloids, and raise the pH further to retrieve the bulk of harmaline. Check the [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=5725 freebase percentage calculator thread] and the [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide Harmala Extraction Guide] for more info.
  
 
==== Harmaline Hydrochloride ====
 
==== Harmaline Hydrochloride ====
Line 407: Line 439:
 
* XlogP: 1.9
 
* XlogP: 1.9
 
* XLogP3: 1.9
 
* XLogP3: 1.9
 +
* Colorimetric reagent results: [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=25771 Here]
 
* Solubility:
 
* Solubility:
 
Soluble in chloroform, ethanol & methanol. (Ott 1996.)
 
Soluble in chloroform, ethanol & methanol. (Ott 1996.)
Line 413: Line 446:
  
 
Poorly soluble in distilled water  
 
Poorly soluble in distilled water  
* Analytical data:
 
 
- Colorimetric ([http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/ayahuasca_apa/aya_sec1_thh.shtml Trout's ayahuasca], except for marquis info, from Bufoman):
 
Marquis: Green
 
 
α-Nitroso-β-naphtholnitrous acid: Dull violet
 
 
Dragendorff's: Orange
 
 
Fröhde: Navy blue
 
 
Hopkin-Cole: Purple
 
 
Ehrlich's:: Very Slow; THH produces a characteristic robin's egg blue over a 24 hour period.
 
 
- UV fluorescence: THH does not give strong florescence just a dark spot with a slight boarder of light purple (Bufoman's tests)
 
  
 
==== THH Hydrochloride ====
 
==== THH Hydrochloride ====
Line 460: Line 477:
 
* Boiling point:
 
* Boiling point:
 
* XLogP3: 1.8
 
* XLogP3: 1.8
* pKa:
+
* Colorimetric reagent results: [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=25771 Here]
 +
* pKa: 8.52
 
* Solubility:
 
* Solubility:
 
Sol in alcohol, ether, chloroform; slightly sol in cold acetone. Practically insol in petr ether, water. (Merck Index)
 
Sol in alcohol, ether, chloroform; slightly sol in cold acetone. Practically insol in petr ether, water. (Merck Index)
Line 472: Line 490:
 
* Composition: C10H15NO
 
* Composition: C10H15NO
 
* Molecular Weight: 165.23 g/mol
 
* Molecular Weight: 165.23 g/mol
* Melting point: 117-118° ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
+
* Melting point: 117-118° ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
* Boiling point: 173° @ 11mmHg ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
+
* Boiling point: 173° @ 11mmHg ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
 
* XlogP3: 2.1 (PubChe[[File:m)
 
* XlogP3: 2.1 (PubChe[[File:m)
 
* Solubility:
 
* Solubility:
Very sol in alcohol, chloroform, ether. 7 grams dissolve in 1000 ml water. Sparingly sol in benzene, toluene, xylene. Practically insol in petr ether. ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
+
Very sol in alcohol, chloroform, ether. 7 grams dissolve in 1000 ml water. Sparingly sol in benzene, toluene, xylene. Practically insol in petr ether. ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
  
 
==== Hordenine Hydrochloride ====
 
==== Hordenine Hydrochloride ====
Line 483: Line 501:
 
* Composition: C10H15NO.HCl
 
* Composition: C10H15NO.HCl
 
* Molecular Weight: 201.70 g/mol
 
* Molecular Weight: 201.70 g/mol
* Melting point: 177° ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
+
* Melting point: 177° ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
 
* Solubility:
 
* Solubility:
Very sol in water. ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
+
Very sol in water. ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
  
  
Line 499: Line 517:
 
* XLogP3: 0.4 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=442935&loc=ec_rcs pubchem])
 
* XLogP3: 0.4 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=442935&loc=ec_rcs pubchem])
 
* Pharmacology: Uterotonic, abortifacient, bronchodilatory activity, expectorant, respiratory stimulant activity, moderate hypotensive activity (sources: [http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/nd/VASICINE.htm 1], [http://indianmedicine.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/root/A/2091/ 2]
 
* Pharmacology: Uterotonic, abortifacient, bronchodilatory activity, expectorant, respiratory stimulant activity, moderate hypotensive activity (sources: [http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/nd/VASICINE.htm 1], [http://indianmedicine.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/root/A/2091/ 2]
* Solubility: Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicine can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala. Check [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide harmala extraction guide for more info])
+
* Solubility: Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicine can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala. Check [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide harmala extraction guide for more info])
  
 
=== Vasicinone ===
 
=== Vasicinone ===
 
(R)-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxypyrrolo(2,1-b)quinazolin-9(1H)-one
 
(R)-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxypyrrolo(2,1-b)quinazolin-9(1H)-one
  
==== Freebase Vasicine ====
+
==== Freebase Vasicinone ====
 
<table><tr><td>[[Image:vasicinone.jpg]]</td><td></table>
 
<table><tr><td>[[Image:vasicinone.jpg]]</td><td></table>
  
Line 513: Line 531:
 
* XLogP3: 0.4 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=442935&loc=ec_rcs pubchem])
 
* XLogP3: 0.4 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=442935&loc=ec_rcs pubchem])
 
* Pharmacology: Uterotonic, abortifacient, bronchodilatory activity, expectorant, respiratory stimulant activity, moderate hypotensive activity (sources: [http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/nd/VASICINE.htm 1], [http://indianmedicine.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/root/A/2091/ 2]
 
* Pharmacology: Uterotonic, abortifacient, bronchodilatory activity, expectorant, respiratory stimulant activity, moderate hypotensive activity (sources: [http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/nd/VASICINE.htm 1], [http://indianmedicine.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/root/A/2091/ 2]
* Solubility: Water: 1600 mg/l. Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicinone can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala. Check [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide harmala extraction guide for more info]
+
* Solubility: Water: 1600 mg/l. Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicinone can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala. Check [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide harmala extraction guide for more info]
  
 
=== Deoxyvasicine ===
 
=== Deoxyvasicine ===
Line 527: Line 545:
 
* XLogP3: 0.4
 
* XLogP3: 0.4
 
* Pharmacology: Uterotonic, abortifacient, bronchodilatory activity, expectorant, respiratory stimulant activity, moderate hypotensive activity (sources: [http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/nd/VASICINE.htm 1], [http://indianmedicine.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/root/A/2091/ 2]
 
* Pharmacology: Uterotonic, abortifacient, bronchodilatory activity, expectorant, respiratory stimulant activity, moderate hypotensive activity (sources: [http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/nd/VASICINE.htm 1], [http://indianmedicine.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/root/A/2091/ 2]
* Solubility: Water: 1600 mg/l. Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicine can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala. Check [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide harmala extraction guide for more info])
+
* Solubility: Water: 1600 mg/l. Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicine can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala. Check [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide harmala extraction guide for more info])
  
 
== Solvents and Alkaloids XlogP and XlogP3 ==
 
== Solvents and Alkaloids XlogP and XlogP3 ==

Revision as of 13:33, 8 January 2019

For more detailed information on each compound, please visit their individual wikis as linked in the Alkaloids section


Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties

DMT

N,N-Dimethyltryptamine

Freebase DMT

Dmtfreebase.png
  • Appearance: White/Transparent crystals or clear oil. Polymorphic (Gaujac et al 2013)
  • CAS Registry Number: 61-50-7
  • Composition: C12H16N2
  • Molecular Weight: 188.26884 g/mol
  • Melting point: 45-46 and 57-58°C , Polymorphic (Gaujac et al 2013)
  • Boiling point: No mention in literature, predicted by chemspider: 332.1±25.0 °C
  • XLogP: 2.0
  • XLogP3: 2.5 (PubChem)
  • pKa: 8.68 (Merck Index)
  • Colorimetric reagent results: Here
  • Stability/Degradation: Oxidation to DMT N-Oxide (yellow oil) in extended presence of oxygen (specialy in evaporation of dmt-containing solvents with heat and/or fan or generally in prolonged exposure to open air). N-oxide may be reverted back to the parent compound by reduction, as described in the N-Oxide to Freebase Wiki.
  • Solubility:

Very Soluble in Xylene, Toluene, Limonene, acetone, Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA), methanol, ethanol, Dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform, ether, Butanone (also known as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)) and butanol.

Soluble in naphtha, hexane, heptane but almost insoluble in these solvents at freezing temperatures

Almost insoluble in water.

DMT N-Oxide

Dmtnoxide.jpg
  • Appearance: Basic oil (Weak base. Weaker than DMT, NMT or tryptamine.) Fish et al. 1956. Hygroscopic solid Banerjee & Ghosal 1969
  • XLogP3: 2
  • Colorimetric reagent results: Here
  • Solubility:

Soluble in Xylene, Toluene, Limonene (?) Soluble in chloroform Bane1 and Ghosal 1969 Soluble in water. Fish et al. 1955 and Ghosal et al. 1970b and Banerjee & Ghosal 1969


Insoluble in petroleum (naphtha) but appreciably soluble in petroleum which contains fats. Ghosal & Banerjee 1969

  • Interconversion: It has been claimed that DMT N-Oxide can be reconverted back to DMT by redissolving in dilute acetic acid solution, adding excess zinc dust, mixing for a couple of hours, filtering to remove zinc, adding base and pulling with organic solvent as in a normal extraction. DMT can be oxidized by using hydrogen peroxide (Fish et al 1955)

DMT Fumarate

  • Molecular Weight: 492.608 g/mol
  • Solubility:

Very soluble in water

Soluble in methanol (~10mg/ml)

Soluble in boiling IPA, Practically insoluble in room temp IPA (~1mg/ml), Insoluble in freeze-cold IPA.

Slightly soluble in ethanol (~5mg/ml)

Insoluble in cold acetone

Insoluble in FASI (Fumaric Acid Saturated IPA)

Insoluble in FASA (Fumaric Acid Saturated Acetone)


NMT

N-Methyltryptamine, monomethyltryptamine

Freebase NMT

Nmt.jpg
  • Appearance: Oil, difficult crystallization, eventually forms crystalline stellar aggregates, darkens with exposure to air (Source 1, Source 2)
  • Composition: C11H14N2
  • Molecular Weight: 174.24226 g/mol
  • Melting point: 87-89C (Sigma Aldrich)
  • Boiling point: 336.181 °C at 760 mmHg (Chemspider)
  • XLogP3: 2.1 (PubChem)
  • Colorimetric reagent results: Here
  • Stability/Degradation: Darkens over time, but does not seem to form oxides (Source )
  • Solubility:

Soluble in methanol, warm ethanol, dichloromethane & choloroform. Soluble to some extent in naphtha (not nearly as much as DMT). It seemed only partially soluble in warm acetic acid. It is likely soluble in xylene. (Source )

  • Pharmacology and activity:

-Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism (Source)

- 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT Nen (2001))

Entheogenic Effects of NMT

5-MeO-DMT

5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine

Freebase 5-MeO-DMT

5meodmtfreebase.png
  • Appearance: Off-white crystals (Sigma Aldrich)
  • Composition: C13H18N20
  • Molecular Weight: 218.298 g/mol
  • Melting Point: 66-67°C, 67-68°C, 69-70°C (Trout's notes and TIHKAL)
  • Boiling Point4 : 208-210°C @ 4mm (Hoshino & Shimodaira 1936)
  • XLogP: 1.9
  • XLogP3: 1.5 (PubChem)
  • pKa: 9.3 (Ghosal & Mukherjee 1964)
  • Colorimetric reagent results: Here
  • Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids (Source)
  • Solubility:

Soluble in: Chloroform, ether, DCM, acetone, methanol, ethanol (Trout's notes on simple tryptamines). Soluble in (at least) 20mg/ml 96% ethanol (Source).

Hexane/Naphtha/Pet ether are commonly used to crystallize it (Ott 1993, Espamer et al 1967, Morimoto & Matsumoto 1966, etc) , so it is probably moderately soluble in these solvents.

Practically Insoluble in water (Source)

5-MeO-DMT Hydrochloride

  • Melting Point: 145-146°C (TIHKAL)


Bufotenine

5-HO-DMT - 5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine

Freebase Bufotenine

Bufoteninefreebase.png
  • CAS Registry Number: 487-93-4
  • Composition: C12H16N2O
  • Molecular Weight: 204.268 g/mol
  • Melting point:146–147 °C (295–297 °F)
  • Boiling point: 320 °C (608 °F)
  • XLogP: 1.6
  • XLogP3: 1.2 (PubChem)
  • pKa: 9.67
  • Colorimetric reagent results: Here
  • Solubility:

Acetone @ 20 C: soluble (5 g/100 ml)

Chloroform @ 20 C: soluble

Dichloromethane @ 20 C: soluble

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) @ 20 C: soluble (6 g/100 ml)

D-Limonene (Orange Oil) @ 20 C: insoluble

D-Limonene (Orange Oil) @ 176 C: soluble (more than 1.7 g/100 ml)

Dilute Acids and Alkalis: Soluble (Merck Index)

Ethanol @ 20 C: soluble

Ether @ 20 C: soluble

Ethyl acetate @ 20 C: soluble

Heptane @ 20 C: insoluble

Heptane with 40% MEK @ 20 C: soluble (0.53 g/100 ml)

Heptane with 50% MEK @ 20 C: soluble (1.22 g/100 ml)

IPA @ 20 C: soluble

MEK @ 20 C: soluble

Methanol @ 20 C: soluble

Naphtha @ 20 C: insoluble

Water @ 20 C: nearly insoluble in pure water (no acid or alkali added)

Xylene @ 20 C: nearly insoluble (less than 0.03 g/100 ml)

Xylene @ 144 C: soluble (1.5 g/100 ml)

Bufotenine Fumarate

  • Solubility:

Soluble in water

Insoluble in FASA (Fumaric Acid Saturated Acetone)

Psilocin

4-HO-DMT - 4-Hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine

Freebase Psilocin

Psilocinfreebase.png
  • CAS Registry Number: 520-53-6
  • Composition: C12H16N2O
  • Molecular Weight: 204.27 g/mol
  • Melting Point: 103-104°C (TIHKAL) , 173-176°C (Merck Index)
  • XLogP3: 2.1 (PubChem)
  • Colorimetric reagent results: Here
  • Stability/Degradation: Unstable in solution, especially alkaline solution (Merck Index).
  • Solubility:

Soluble in 70% ethanol. Poorly soluble in dry ethanol, and poorly soluble in ethanol less than 60%. Very slightly soluble in water (sources: Merck Index , scientific publications)

Psilocybin

4-PO-DMT - O-phosphoryl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine

Psilocybin (Psilocin Phosphate Ester)

Psilocybin.png
  • CAS Registry Number: 520-52-5
  • Composition: C12H17N2O4P
  • Molecular Weight: 284.248141 g/mol
  • Melting Point: 220-228° from boiling water; 185-195° from boiling methanol (Merck Index)

Free base: Stable compound. Colorless crystals. Hofmann 1971 pH 5.2 (in 50% EtOH) Merck 9th More stable than psilocin. Shulgin & Shulgin !997 mp 175-180° Repke & leslie 1977 mp 185-195° (from boiling methanol) Ott 1996 mp 185-195° (from methanol) Picker & Rickards 1970 (Also in Perkal 1981) rnp 185-195° (dec.) (white crystals) Clarke 's 1986 mp 190° Mantle & Waight 1969

  • XLogP3: -1.6 (PubChem)
  • Colorimetric reagent results: Here
  • Stability/Degradation: Dephosphorylated into Psilocin under acidic conditions. Also when ingested, by phosphatases enzymes.
  • Solubility:

Soluble in water (estimated 2mg/ml at 25C). Soluble in 20 parts boiling water (= 0.79g/ml in boiling water), 120 parts boiling methanol (= 0.0932g/ml in boiling methanol); very soluble in 70% methanol saturated with KNO3, soluble in dry methanol, difficultly soluble in ethanol, increasingly less soluble in methanol less than 80%. Practically insoluble in chloroform, benzene (sources: Merck Index , scientific publications, PubChem)

Mescaline

3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine

Freebase Mescaline

Mescalinefreebase.png
  • CAS Registry Number: 54-04-6
  • Composition: C11H17NO3
  • Melting point: 35-36°C (Kindler and Peschke, 103. Merck Index)
  • Boiling point: 180°C (12 mmHg)
  • XLogP: 0.6 (PubChem)
  • XLogP3: 0.7 (PubChem)
  • pKa: 9.56
  • Appearance: long needle shaped white crystals
  • Molecular weight: 211.26

Notes: forms mescaline carbonate on prolonged exposure to air

  • Average dose: 300 to 600 milligrams with a duration of 5 to 12 hours.
  • Colorimetric reagent results: Here
  • Solubility

Soluble in: alcohol, chloroform, benzene, xylene, toluene, acetone, dichloromethane, highly soluble in isopropyl alcohol, soluble in d-limonene

Moderately soluble in: water

Insoluble in: practically insoluble in ether or petroleum ether

  • LD50: i.p. rats 370 mg/kg

Mescaline Citrate

  • Solubility

Soluble in water

Insoluble in: xylene, acetone *

* Possible unreliable web source.

Mescaline Hydrochloride

Mescalinehcl.png
  • Molecular weight: 247.72 (Sigma Aldrich)
  • Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C11H17NO3 • HCl (Sigma Aldrich)
  • CAS Number: 832-92-8
  • Appearance: colorless crystals, needles
  • Melting point: 184°C (Merck Index)
  • Solubility:

Moderately soluble in: water, ethanol ~10mg/ml (ref: Cayman Chemical) (Merck Index), methanol ~1.0mg/ml (source Sigma Aldrich solution) (Merck Index), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) ~3mg/ml (ref: Cayman Chemical), dimethyl formamide ~0.5mg/ml (ref: Cayman Chemical)

Insoluble in: practically insoluble in toluene and acetone, insoluble in isopropyl alcohol, diethyl ether, and d-limonene

  • LD50: i.p. rats 132 mg/kg
  • Storage temperature: 2-8°C (Sigma Aldrich)
  • Isolation: when mescaline hydrochloride is extracted from San Pedro, Achuma, or Peruvian torch, it can be isolated from the other alkaloids by washing it in IPA or acetone (use 10 ml per gram of alkaloids, and wash 2-3 times). The non-mescaline alkaloids dissolve in the IPA or acetone (* NOTE: previous sentence is speculation, not yet substantiated by tests as far as we know), while the mescaline hydrochloride does not. Note that for the cleanest results use about 2 washes of acetone, and then 2 washes with IPA.

Mescaline Picrate

  • Melting point: mp 222°C.

Mescaline Sulfate Dihydrate

Mescalinesulfate.png
  • Composition: (C11H17NO3)2 • H2SO4 • 2H2O
  • Appearance: prisms
  • Melting point: 183–186 °C (361–367 °F)
  • Molecular Weight: 309.33606
  • Soluble in: hot water, methanol
  • Almost insoluble in: near freezing water, alcohol, acetone * [VERIFIED]

* Possible unreliable web source.

Mescaline Fumarate

  • Composition: unknown (it may be a one to one salt or may not be)
  • Appearance: White powder
  • Melting point: unknown
  • Solubility

Soluble in: water

Insoluble in: Limonene, Anydrous IPA, Acetone, MEK (most likely insoluble in all non-polars like xylene and toluene) Source

Mescaline Acetate

  • Composition: unknown
  • Appearance: white free flowing powder with a slight waxy texture ***
  • Melting point: unknown
  • Solubility:

Soluble in: water***, isopropyl alcohol***, acetone***, DMSO*** (more than 5 grams/100 ml), boiling MEK***

Insoluble in: xylene, d-limonene, cold MEK (Methyl Ethyl Ketone) ***

*** This information was validated by SWIM and is reliable.

  • Isolation: when mescaline acetate is extracted from San Pedro, Achuma, or Peruvian torch, it can be isolated from the other alkaloids by washing it in cold MEK (use 10 ml per gram of alkaloids, and wash 2-3 times). The non-mescaline alkaloids dissolve in the MEK, while the mescaline acetate does not. Mescaline acetate can be recrystallized in MEK by boiling the MEK and then freezing it overnight.


Ibogaine

12-methoxyibogamine

Freebase Ibogaine

Ibogainefreebase.png
  • CAS Registry Number: 83-74-9
  • Composition: C20H26N2O
  • Molecular Weight: 310.43324 g/mol
  • Melting Point: 152-153 °C (TIHKAL)
  • XLogP3: 3.9 (PubChem)
  • pKa: 8.1 in 80% methylcellosolve (Merck Index)
  • Colorimetric reagent results: Here
  • Solubility: Soluble in limonene (Non-Toxic Iboga Extraction) soluble in acetone (merck)

Ibogaine Hydrochloride

  • Melting Point: 299-300 °C (TIHKAL)
  • Solubility: Soluble in water, methanol (Sigma Aldrich), slightly soluble in acetone (merck)

Voacangine

12-methoxyibogamine-18-carboxylic acid methyl ester

Voacangine

Voacangine.png
  • Composition: C22H28N2O3
  • Molecular Weight: 368.46932 g/mole
  • Melting Point: 136–137 °C (Merck Index)
  • pKa: 7.4 (40% aq methanol); 5.73 (33% DMF) (Merck Index)
  • XLogP3-AA: 3.5 (PubChem)

LSA (ergine)

Lysergamide

Freebase LSA

Lsafreebase.png

CAS Registry Number: 478-94-4

  • Composition: C16H17N3O
  • Molecular Weight: 267.32568 g/mol
  • XLogP3: 1.6 (PubChem)

Muscimol

Pantherine, Agarine

Freebase Muscimol

Muscimolfreebase.png
  • Appearance: White powder (Sigma Aldrich)
  • CAS Registry Number: 2763-96-4
  • Composition: C4H6N2O2
  • Molecular Weight: 114.10264 g/mol
  • Melting Point: 175°C (Merck Index)
  • Boiling Point: 70°C (Wolfram Alpha)
  • XLogP3-AA: -1.4 (PubChem)
  • pKa: 4.8 (Indiana University])
  • Solubility: Very soluble in water and methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol, DMSO and DMF. ~10mg/ml in phosphate buffered saline @ pH 7.2 (Caymanchem.com)

Salvinorin A

Note: Technically NOT an alkaloid, as it contains no nitrogen. It is a trans-neoclerodane diterpene.

Salvinorin A

Salvinorina.png
  • Composition: C23H28O8
  • Molecular Weight: 432.46362 g/mol
  • Melting Point:242-244 – 238-240 °C (Wikipedia)
  • Boiling Pont: 760.2 °C (1400 °F) (Wikipedia)
  • XLogP3-AA: 2.5 (PubChem)


Elemicin

1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-allylbenzene

Note: Technically NOT an alkaloid, as it contains no nitrogen.

Elemicin

Elemicin.png
  • CAS Number: 487-11-6
  • Molecular Formula: C12H16O3
  • Molecular Weight: 208.25364 g/mol
  • Boiling Point: 152-156 °C @ 17 mmHg, 144-147 °C @ 10 mmHg (Source), 146-147 °C (Source 1 Source 2), 279.8 °C @ 760 mmHg (ChemSpider)
  • XlogP3: 2.5 (PubChem)
  • Solubility:

Soluble in alcohol, Insoluble in water (Source)

Harmine

7-methoxy-β-carboline

Freebase Harmine

Harminefreebase.png
  • Composition: C13H12N2O
  • Molecular Weight: 212.25 (Sigma Aldrich)
  • Melting point: 262-264 °C (Sigma Aldrich)
  • Boiling point: 421.4°Cat760mmHg (Lookchem)
  • XLogP: 2.5
  • XLogP3: 3.6
  • pKa: 7.7
  • Colorimetric reagent results: Here
  • Solubility: ethanol (~1.5mg/ml), DMSO (~1.5mg/ml) and dimethyl formamide (~1.5mg/ml). Reasonably soluble in acetone (at 25°C, acetone can dissolve 4mg/ml mixed harmalas as this test shows)

Insoluble in: Basic water, diethyl ether. Low solubility in distilled water.

  • Isolation: To separate from harmaline, using pKa properties, raise pH of solution containing both alkaloids to pH 8.75 to precipitate 92% of harmine and only 8% Harmaline. Filter to retrieve precipitated alkaloids, and raise the pH further to retrieve the bulk of harmaline. Check the freebase percentage calculator thread and the Harmala Extraction Guide for more info.

Harmine Hydrochloride

Harminehcl.png
  • Melting Point: 321 °C
  • Solubility:

Soluble in water

Insoluble in salt-saturated water


Harmaline

3,4-dihydro-7-methoxy-1-methyl-β-carboline

Freebase Harmaline

Harmaline.png
  • Composition: C13H14N2O
  • Melting point: 232-234 °C (Sigma Aldrich)
  • Boiling point: 120-140 °C at 0.001 mm/Hg (TIHKAL)
  • XLogP: 0.8
  • XLogP3: 1.2
  • pKa: 9.8
  • Colorimetric reagent results: Here
  • Solubility:

Slightly soluble in basic water, poorly soluble in distilled water. Reasonably soluble in acetone (at 25°C, acetone can dissolve 4mg/ml mixed harmalas as this test shows)

  • Isolation: To separate from harmine, using pKa properties, raise pH of solution containing both alkaloids to pH 8.75 to precipitate 92% of harmine and only 8% Harmaline. Filter to retrieve precipitated alkaloids, and raise the pH further to retrieve the bulk of harmaline. Check the freebase percentage calculator thread and the Harmala Extraction Guide for more info.

Harmaline Hydrochloride

  • Solubility:

Soluble in water

Insoluble in salt-saturated water

THH

Tetrahydroharmine - 7-methoxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline

Freebase THH

Thhfreebase.png
  • Composition: C13H16N2O
  • Molecular Weight: 216.27894 g/mol
  • Melting Point: 187-190 °C (TIHKAL)
  • XlogP: 1.9
  • XLogP3: 1.9
  • Colorimetric reagent results: Here
  • Solubility:

Soluble in chloroform, ethanol & methanol. (Ott 1996.)

Soluble in ethyl acetate. (Siddiqui et al. 1983)

Poorly soluble in distilled water

THH Hydrochloride

Thhhcl.png
  • Composition: C13H17ClN2O
  • Molecular Weight: 252.73988 g/mol
  • Melting Point: 232–234 °C (TIHKAL)
  • Boiling point: 399.2 °C at 760 mmHg (Lookchem)
  • Mol File: 40959-16-8.mol
  • Flash Point: 195.2 °C
  • Enthalpy of Vaporization: 64.99 kJ/mol
  • Vapour Pressure: 1.4E-06 mmHg at 25°C
  • H-Bond Donor: 3
  • H-Bond Acceptor: 2
  • Rotatable Bond Count: 1
  • Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.1
  • Heavy Atom Count: 17
  • Complexity: 258

Relevant NOT psychedelic compounds

Gramine

N,N-Dimethyl-1H-indole-3-methanamine

Freebase Gramine

Graminefreebase.png
  • Composition: C11H14N2
  • Molecular Weight: 174.24226 g/mol
  • Melting point: 138-139°C (Merck)
  • Boiling point:
  • XLogP3: 1.8
  • Colorimetric reagent results: Here
  • pKa: 8.52
  • Solubility:

Sol in alcohol, ether, chloroform; slightly sol in cold acetone. Practically insol in petr ether, water. (Merck Index)

Hordenine

N,N-dimethyltyramine

Freebase Hordenine

Hordeninefreebase.png
  • CAS Registry Number: 539-15-1
  • Composition: C10H15NO
  • Molecular Weight: 165.23 g/mol
  • Melting point: 117-118° (Merck Index)
  • Boiling point: 173° @ 11mmHg (Merck Index)
  • XlogP3: 2.1 (PubChe[[File:m)
  • Solubility:

Very sol in alcohol, chloroform, ether. 7 grams dissolve in 1000 ml water. Sparingly sol in benzene, toluene, xylene. Practically insol in petr ether. (Merck Index)

Hordenine Hydrochloride

Hordeninehcl.png
  • CAS Registry Number: 6027-23-2
  • Composition: C10H15NO.HCl
  • Molecular Weight: 201.70 g/mol
  • Melting point: 177° (Merck Index)
  • Solubility:

Very sol in water. (Merck Index)


Vasicine

(3R)-1,2,3,9-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-3-ol;Peganine

Freebase Vasicine

Vasicine.jpg
  • Composition: C11H12N2O
  • Molecular Weight: 188.22578 g/mol
  • Melting point: 209-211° C (Decomposes) (source)
  • XLogP3: 0.4 (pubchem)
  • Pharmacology: Uterotonic, abortifacient, bronchodilatory activity, expectorant, respiratory stimulant activity, moderate hypotensive activity (sources: 1, 2
  • Solubility: Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicine can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala. Check harmala extraction guide for more info)

Vasicinone

(R)-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxypyrrolo(2,1-b)quinazolin-9(1H)-one

Freebase Vasicinone

Vasicinone.jpg
  • Appearance: White powder
  • Composition: C11H10N2O2
  • Molecular Weight: 202.2093 g/mol
  • Melting point: 203°-204° C (source)
  • XLogP3: 0.4 (pubchem)
  • Pharmacology: Uterotonic, abortifacient, bronchodilatory activity, expectorant, respiratory stimulant activity, moderate hypotensive activity (sources: 1, 2
  • Solubility: Water: 1600 mg/l. Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicinone can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala. Check harmala extraction guide for more info

Deoxyvasicine

1,2,3,9-Tetrahydropyrrolo(2,1-b)quinazoline; Deoxypeganin;

Freebase Deoxyvasicine

Deoxyvasicine.jpg
  • Appearance: White to yellow powder
  • Composition: C11H12N2
  • Molecular Weight: 172.22638 g/mol
  • Melting point: 86-87° C (source)
  • XLogP3: 0.4
  • Pharmacology: Uterotonic, abortifacient, bronchodilatory activity, expectorant, respiratory stimulant activity, moderate hypotensive activity (sources: 1, 2
  • Solubility: Water: 1600 mg/l. Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicine can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala. Check harmala extraction guide for more info)

Solvents and Alkaloids XlogP and XlogP3

Alkaloid XlogP list

  • 0.1 - 6-methoxy-2-methyl-beta-Carboline
  • 0.7 - Beta-carboline, 6-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-Dimethyl-2H-beta-carbolin-6-yl methyl ether
  • 0.7 - Mescaline
  • 0.8 - Harmaline
  • 1.0 - 5-HO-Tryptamine (serotonin)
  • 1.3 - 5-HO-DMT N-oxide (Bufotenine N-oxide)
  • 1.6 - 5-HO-DMT (bufotenine)
  • 1.7 - N-Methylserotonin
  • 1.7 - DMT N-oxide (Dimethyltryptamine N-oxide)
  • 1.7 - 5-MeO-NMT (5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine)
  • 1.7 - 2-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline
  • 1.8 - NMT (N-Methyltryptamine)
  • 1.9 - 5-MeO-DMT (methoxybufotenin)
  • 1.9 - Tetra−Hydro−Harmine (THH)
  • 2.0 - DMT (Dimethyltryptamine)
  • 2.5 - Harmine


Alkaloid XlogP3 list

  • -1.4 - Muscimol
  • -1.6 - Psilocybin
  • 0.6 - Harmalol
  • 0.7 - Mescaline
  • 1.2 - Harmaline
  • 1.2 - Bufotenine
  • 1.5 - 5-MeO-DMT
  • 1.6 - LSA (ergine)
  • 1.8 - Gramine
  • 1.9 - Tetrahydroharmine
  • 2.0 - DMT N-oxide
  • 2.1 - Psilocin
  • 2.1 - NMT
  • 2.5 - DMT
  • 2.5 - Salvinorin A
  • 2.5 - Elemicin
  • 3.5 - Voacangine
  • 3.6 - Harmine
  • 3.6 - Harman
  • 3.9 - Ibogaine

Lower XlogP values are more water soluble, and higher XlogP values are more non-polar soluble.


Solvent XlogP list

  • -0.7 - DMSO
  • -0.5 - Methanol
  • -0.1 - Ethyl Alcohol
  • 0.2 - Acetone
  • 0.4 - IPA
  • 0.4 - MEK (Methyl Ethyl Ketone)
  • 0.7 - Ethyl Acetate
  • 0.9 - Ethyl Ether
  • 1.5 - DCM
  • 2.1 - Chloroform
  • 2.5 - Toluene
  • 2.5 - Xylene
  • 3.7 - Limonene
  • 4.3 - Heptane (similar to naphtha)