Difference between revisions of "Acacia confusa"

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'''Acacia confusa''' is a perennial tree native to South-East Asia. Some common names for it are '''Acacia Petit Feuille''', '''Small Philippine Acacia''', '''Formosa Acacia''' (Taiwan Acacia) and '''Formosan Koa'''. It grows to a height of 15m. The tree has become very common in Hawaii, where the species is considered invasive.<ref>[http://www.hear.org/Pier/wra/pacific/acacia_confusa_htmlwra.htm Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)]</ref>
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== General Plant Info ==
  
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==Entheogenic use==
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'''Acacia confusa''' is a perennial tree native to South-East Asia and containing high concentrations of psychoactive tryptamines in its root bark. It appears attractive for use in ayahuasca analogs<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/ayahuasca_apa/aya_sec3_part2_admixture_acacia_unclear.shtml ''Seemingly promising Acacia species lacking bioassay reports''] in ''Ayahuasca: alkaloids, plants & analogs'' by Keeper of the Trout </ref>, though at this point, experience with such preparations remains limited.
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Some local names include '''Acacia Petit Feuille''', '''Small Philippine Acacia''', '''Formosa Acacia''' (Taiwan Acacia) and '''Formosan Koa'''. The tree has become very common in many tropical Pacific areas, including Hawaii, where the species is considered invasive.<ref>[http://www.hear.org/Pier/wra/pacific/acacia_confusa_htmlwra.htm Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)]</ref>
  
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Little research has been done, but successful [http://www.anoniem.org/?http://www.scribd.com/doc/18291069/A-Guide-to-Brewing-Asian-Ayahuasca- ayahuasca preparations] and [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=12190 direct oral activity] using the root bark (and possibly, ordinary bark) have been reported.
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== Geographic distribution ==
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[[File:confusa-worldmap.jpg]]
  
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==Phytochemistry, toxicity and medicinal use==
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== Identification ==
  
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The psychoactive tryptamines extracted from Acacia confusa are described in a number of publications. <ref>Arthur, H.R., Loo, S.N. & Lamberton, J.A. Nb-methylated tryptamines and other constituents of Acacia confusa Merr. of Hong Kong. Aust. J Chem. 20 (1967) 811 [http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=CH9670811.pdf online text]; Lee, T.H. and Chou, C.H. ''Flavonoid aglycones and indole alkaloids from the roots of Acacia confusa'', Journal  of the Chinese Chemical Society 47 (2000) 1287-1290, [http://proj3.sinica.edu.tw/~chem/servxx6/files/paper_11602_1269499169.pdf online text]; Buchanan MS, Carroll AR, Pass D, Quinn RJ. ''NMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa,'' Magn Reson Chem. 2007 Apr; 45(4):359-61, [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/114123856/PDFSTART online text]</ref>
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== Alkaloid content ==
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The plant is considered medicinal in Taiwan.<ref>Li, Thomas S. C. ''Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values'', CRC Press (2006), ISBN: 0849392497, p.2. [http://books.google.com/books?id=cAYXHeEPdB0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false online GoogleBooks preview] [http://www.fk.uwks.ac.id/elib/Arsip/E-Library/e-book/FARMAKOLOGI%20-%20PHARMACOLOGY/Taiwanese%20Native%20Medicinal%20Plants%20-%20Phytopharmacology%20and%20Therapeutic%20Values.pdf full text]</ref> (The same publication reports it as toxic, without providing further details.)
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Online excerpts from Chinese medicine books (precise references are not given) state that the root can be used for detoxification, treating larynx and windpipe inflammation and liver disorders. (Original Chinese text: [http://www.tcmclub.com/index.php/thread/view/id-284 根有清热解毒、解暑发表的功能。可用于治疗咽喉肿痛，黄疸性肝炎及慢性气管炎等。])
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Positive outcome has been reported for applications of Acacia confusa bark extract to combat the liver toxicity of carbon tetrachloride in rats. <ref>Tung, Y.-T., Wu, J.-H., Huang, C.-C., Peng, H.-C., Chen, Y.-L., Yang, S.-C., Chang, S. T. ''Protective effect of Acacia confusa bark extract and its active compound gallic acid against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury in rats'', Food and Chemical Toxicology 47 (2009) 1385–1392, [http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/177279/1/02.pdf online text]</ref> Goat foraging on the plant has been observed. <ref>K. Hagstrom, M. L. Christiansen and E. R. Cleveland. ''Plants in Hawaii that are eaten by goats'', J. Haw. Pac. Agri. 4 (1993) 101-105, [http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/academics/cafnrm/research/documents/J_Haw_13_000.pdf online text]  </ref>
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===Root bark===
 
===Root bark===
 
*N-methyltryptamine, 1.43%<ref name="lyc">[http://users.lycaeum.org/~mulga/acacia/confusaphy.html Lycaeum]</ref>
 
*N-methyltryptamine, 1.43%<ref name="lyc">[http://users.lycaeum.org/~mulga/acacia/confusaphy.html Lycaeum]</ref>
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*N,N-dimethyltryptamine|N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 1.15%<ref name="lyc" />
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*N-methyltryptamine, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 1.15% (Liu et al 1977 ref. Trout's Notes)
  
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===Seeds===
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[[File:Acaciaconfusaroot.jpg|600px]]
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*Neurolathryogen, i.e. [http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?compound+C04209 α-amino-β-oxalylaminopropionic acid], which can cause neurological damage, paralysis and death.<ref name="lyc" />
+
  
 
===Stems===
 
===Stems===
 
*N-methyltryptamine, 0.04%<ref name="lyc" />
 
*N-methyltryptamine, 0.04%<ref name="lyc" />
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*N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 0.01%<ref name="lyc" />
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*N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 0.01% (Arthur et al 1967 ref. Trout's notes) The above references may have methodology problems as higher stem % reported more recently.<ref> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=1189690&#post1189690 Trying to improve Acacia information - DMT Nexus ]</ref>
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*N,N-dimethyltryptamine 0.4823%,N-methyltryptamine 2.3%, DMT N-Oxide 0.01%, Bufotenine 0.003%, 2-MTHBC 0.006 <ref> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=27722 Acacia Analysis - DMT Nexus] </ref>
 +
*DMT, NMT, 2-MTHBC  <ref> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=27722 Acacia Analysis - DMT Nexus] </ref>
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 +
[[File:Acaciaconfusastem.jpg|600px]]
  
 
===Phyllodes===
 
===Phyllodes===
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No alkaloids are found in the phyllodes (leaf-like structures).<ref name="lyc" />
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One published report [Loo & Lamberton 1967] of no alkaloids in the phyllodes (leaf-like structures) has had it's validity questioned due to methodology.  
 +
Other anecdotal reports of active phyllodes containing alkaloids.
 +
<ref>[https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=1189690&#post1189690 Trying to improve Acacia information - DMT Nexus]</ref>
  
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==Notes on obtaining the plant material in Taiwan==
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===Seeds===
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*Neurolathryogen, i.e. [http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?compound+C04209 α-amino-β-oxalylaminopropionic acid], which can cause neurological damage, paralysis and death.<ref name="lyc" />
  
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1) The tree appears to be very common in Taiwan (its local name is 相思樹, which amusingly translates as "thinking-of-each-other tree").
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The seeds are considered poisonous and reported to cause headache upon ingestion. <ref>[http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/local/nature/e/se/se1a08.htm edu.ocac.gov.tw]</ref>
  
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2) The root (相思樹根) seems to have some very limited use in traditional medicine, externally and perhaps internally for liver disease.
 
  
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3) The root does not seem to be carried by Chinese medicine stores (中藥店), but it is carried by "herbal medicine stores" (草藥店 or 青草店), though not every store would have it, since the demand is low.
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Little research has been done, but successful ayahuasca preparations<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=85507 Erowid Report]</ref><ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/18291069/A-Guide-to-Brewing-Asian-Ayahuasca-  A Guide to Brewing Asian Ayahuasca]</ref> and '''direct oral activity'''<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=85253 Erowid Report]</ref><ref>[http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=12190 Acacia confusa and Formosahuasca - DMT-Nexus]</ref> using the root bark (and possibly, ordinary bark) have been reported.
  
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4) There is a huge conglomeration of these herbal shops next to Longshan temple (龍山寺) in Taipei, where fresh root can be purchased (as of April 2010, 150 Taiwan dollars, roughly $5, for 600g, with 1 day pre-order needed). The bark can be easily separated from the fresh root.
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Ayahuasca analogs prepared with Acacia confusa root bark are known as [[Formosahuasca]] (after ''Formosa acacia'', i.e., the beautiful acacia, presumably after ''Ilha Formosa'', i.e., the beautiful island, the original Portuguese name for Taiwan), or alternatively as Chinahuasca or Asian Ayahuasca.
  
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==References==
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The psychoactive tryptamines extracted from Acacia confusa are described in a number of publications. <ref>Arthur, H.R., Loo, S.N. & Lamberton, J.A. Nb-methylated tryptamines and other constituents of Acacia confusa Merr. of Hong Kong. Aust. J Chem. 20 (1967) 811 [http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=CH9670811.pdf online text]; Lee, T.H. and Chou, C.H. ''Flavonoid aglycones and indole alkaloids from the roots of Acacia confusa'', Journal  of the Chinese Chemical Society 47 (2000) 1287-1290, [http://proj3.sinica.edu.tw/~chem/servxx6/files/paper_11602_1269499169.pdf online text]; Buchanan MS, Carroll AR, Pass D, Quinn RJ. ''NMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa,'' Magn Reson Chem. 2007 Apr; 45(4):359-61, [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/114123856/PDFSTART online text]</ref>
  
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<references />
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== Other uses ==
  
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==Links==
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The plant is considered medicinal in Taiwan.<ref>Li, Thomas S. C. ''Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values'', CRC Press (2006), ISBN: 0849392497, p.2. [http://books.google.com/books?id=cAYXHeEPdB0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false online GoogleBooks preview] [http://www.fk.uwks.ac.id/elib/Arsip/E-Library/e-book/FARMAKOLOGI%20-%20PHARMACOLOGY/Taiwanese%20Native%20Medicinal%20Plants%20-%20Phytopharmacology%20and%20Therapeutic%20Values.pdf full text]</ref> (The same publication reports it as toxic, without providing further details.)
  
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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_confusa Acacia confusa on Wikipedia]
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Online excerpts from Chinese medicine books (precise references are not given) state that the root can be used for detoxification, treating larynx and windpipe inflammation and liver disorders. (Original Chinese text: [http://www.tcmclub.com/index.php/thread/view/id-284 根有清热解毒、解暑发表的功能。可用于治疗咽喉肿痛，黄疸性肝炎及慢性气管炎等。])
 +
 
 +
Positive outcome has been reported for applications of Acacia confusa bark extract to combat the liver toxicity of carbon tetrachloride in rats. <ref>Tung, Y.-T., Wu, J.-H., Huang, C.-C., Peng, H.-C., Chen, Y.-L., Yang, S.-C., Chang, S. T. ''Protective effect of Acacia confusa bark extract and its active compound gallic acid against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury in rats'', Food and Chemical Toxicology 47 (2009) 1385–1392, [http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/177279/1/02.pdf online text]</ref> Goat foraging on the plant has been observed. <ref>K. Hagstrom, M. L. Christiansen and E. R. Cleveland. ''Plants in Hawaii that are eaten by goats'', J. Haw. Pac. Agri. 4 (1993) 101-105, [http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/academics/cafnrm/research/documents/J_Haw_13_000.pdf online text]  </ref>
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== Extraction ==
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== Cultivation ==
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 +
== Links ==
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*
 +
[https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=32549 Acacia Confusa Thread DMT Nexus]
 +
*
 +
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_confusa Acacia confusa on Wikipedia]
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*[http://sowhc.sow.org.tw/html/observation/eighteen/plant/every/01shang-si/shang-si.htm Photographs of the different parts of the plant]
 
*[http://www.erowid.org/plants/acacia/acacia.shtml Erowid Acacia vault]
 
*[http://www.erowid.org/plants/acacia/acacia.shtml Erowid Acacia vault]
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*[http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=6866033157 A group in Taiwan conducting ayahuasca sessions using Acacia confusa]
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*[http://www.realitysandwich.com/new_psychedelic_root_discovered Reality Sandwich]
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== References ==
  
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{{Page Footer|Botanics|DMT Containing Plants}}
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{{Page Footer|Botanicals|DMT Containing Plants}}

Latest revision as of 00:09, 22 August 2023

Acacia confusa.jpg
 Acacia confusa Wikipedia.png Plant-icon.png
  • N-methyltryptamine, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine-N-oxide (Buchanan MS, Carroll AR, Pass D, Quinn RJ. NMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa, Magn Reson Chem. 2007 Apr; 45(4):359-61, online text)


General Plant Info

Acacia confusa is a perennial tree native to South-East Asia and containing high concentrations of psychoactive tryptamines in its root bark. It appears attractive for use in ayahuasca analogs[1], though at this point, experience with such preparations remains limited. Some local names include Acacia Petit Feuille, Small Philippine Acacia, Formosa Acacia (Taiwan Acacia) and Formosan Koa. The tree has become very common in many tropical Pacific areas, including Hawaii, where the species is considered invasive.[2]

Geographic distribution

Confusa-worldmap.jpg

Identification

Alkaloid content

Root bark

  • N-methyltryptamine, 1.43%[3]
  • N-methyltryptamine, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 1.15% (Liu et al 1977 ref. Trout's Notes)

Acaciaconfusaroot.jpg

Stems

  • N-methyltryptamine, 0.04%[3]
  • N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 0.01% (Arthur et al 1967 ref. Trout's notes) The above references may have methodology problems as higher stem % reported more recently.[4]
  • N,N-dimethyltryptamine 0.4823%,N-methyltryptamine 2.3%, DMT N-Oxide 0.01%, Bufotenine 0.003%, 2-MTHBC 0.006 [5]
  • DMT, NMT, 2-MTHBC [6]

Acaciaconfusastem.jpg

Phyllodes

One published report [Loo & Lamberton 1967] of no alkaloids in the phyllodes (leaf-like structures) has had it's validity questioned due to methodology. Other anecdotal reports of active phyllodes containing alkaloids. [7]

Seeds

The seeds are considered poisonous and reported to cause headache upon ingestion. [8]


Little research has been done, but successful ayahuasca preparations[9][10] and direct oral activity[11][12] using the root bark (and possibly, ordinary bark) have been reported.

Ayahuasca analogs prepared with Acacia confusa root bark are known as Formosahuasca (after Formosa acacia, i.e., the beautiful acacia, presumably after Ilha Formosa, i.e., the beautiful island, the original Portuguese name for Taiwan), or alternatively as Chinahuasca or Asian Ayahuasca.

The psychoactive tryptamines extracted from Acacia confusa are described in a number of publications. [13]

Other uses

The plant is considered medicinal in Taiwan.[14] (The same publication reports it as toxic, without providing further details.)

Online excerpts from Chinese medicine books (precise references are not given) state that the root can be used for detoxification, treating larynx and windpipe inflammation and liver disorders. (Original Chinese text: 根有清热解毒、解暑发表的功能。可用于治疗咽喉肿痛，黄疸性肝炎及慢性气管炎等。)

Positive outcome has been reported for applications of Acacia confusa bark extract to combat the liver toxicity of carbon tetrachloride in rats. [15] Goat foraging on the plant has been observed. [16]


Extraction

Cultivation

Links

Acacia Confusa Thread DMT Nexus

Acacia confusa on Wikipedia

References

  1. ↑ Seemingly promising Acacia species lacking bioassay reports in Ayahuasca: alkaloids, plants & analogs by Keeper of the Trout
  2. ↑ Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lycaeum
  4. ↑ Trying to improve Acacia information - DMT Nexus
  5. ↑ Acacia Analysis - DMT Nexus
  6. ↑ Acacia Analysis - DMT Nexus
  7. ↑ Trying to improve Acacia information - DMT Nexus
  8. ↑ edu.ocac.gov.tw
  9. ↑ Erowid Report
  10. ↑ A Guide to Brewing Asian Ayahuasca
  11. ↑ Erowid Report
  12. ↑ Acacia confusa and Formosahuasca - DMT-Nexus
  13. ↑ Arthur, H.R., Loo, S.N. & Lamberton, J.A. Nb-methylated tryptamines and other constituents of Acacia confusa Merr. of Hong Kong. Aust. J Chem. 20 (1967) 811 online text; Lee, T.H. and Chou, C.H. Flavonoid aglycones and indole alkaloids from the roots of Acacia confusa, Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 47 (2000) 1287-1290, online text; Buchanan MS, Carroll AR, Pass D, Quinn RJ. NMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa, Magn Reson Chem. 2007 Apr; 45(4):359-61, online text
  14. ↑ Li, Thomas S. C. Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values, CRC Press (2006), ISBN: 0849392497, p.2. online GoogleBooks preview full text
  15. ↑ Tung, Y.-T., Wu, J.-H., Huang, C.-C., Peng, H.-C., Chen, Y.-L., Yang, S.-C., Chang, S. T. Protective effect of Acacia confusa bark extract and its active compound gallic acid against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury in rats, Food and Chemical Toxicology 47 (2009) 1385–1392, online text
  16. ↑ K. Hagstrom, M. L. Christiansen and E. R. Cleveland. Plants in Hawaii that are eaten by goats, J. Haw. Pac. Agri. 4 (1993) 101-105, online text
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