View source for Solvent physical properties

page in progress....


=Solvents=

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; color: green;"
!Solvent
!Boiling Point °C 
!Solubility /w Water
!Density
!Molar mass
|-
|Acetone || 56 °C || Miscible || 0.786 g/ml || 58.08 g/mol ||
|-
|}


'''Note about Density:''' If the density of the solvent is greater then one '''(mass > 1.00)''' the solvent, if non-polar will '''sink''' below water.
likewise if the density is less then one '''(mass < 1.00)''' the solvent, if non-polar, will '''float''' on the surface of the water


==Polar protic==

===Water===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; color: green;"
!Solvent
!Boiling Point °C 
!Solubility /w Water
!Density
!Molar mass
|-
|Water || 100 °C || Miscible || 1.000 g/ml || 18.02 g/mol ||
|-
|}

===Carboxylic acids===

====Formic acid====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; color: green;"
!Solvent
!Boiling Point °C 
!Solubility /w Water
!Density
!Molar mass
|-
|Formic acid || 100.8 °C || Miscible || 1.22 g/ml || 46.03 g/mol ||
|-
|}

====Acetic acid====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; color: green;"
!Solvent
!Boiling Point °C 
!Solubility /w Water
!Density
!Molar mass
|-
|Acetic acid || 118 °C || Miscible || 1.049 g/ml || 60.05 g/mol ||
|-
|}

===Alcohols===

====Ethanol====


[[File:Ethanol.png]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; color: green;"
!Solvent
!Boiling Point °C 
!Solubility /w Water
!Density
!Molar mass
|-
|C2H5OH || 79 °C || Miscible || 0.789 g/ml || 46.07 g/mol ||
|-
|}

Azeotrope % weight /w water = 95.5%

Miscible in:

====Methanol====

[[File:Methanol.png]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; color: green;"
!Solvent
!Boiling Point °C 
!Solubility /w Water
!Density
!Molar mass
|-
|C2H5OH || 65 °C || Miscible || 0.791 g/ml || 32.04 g/mol ||
|-
|}


No azeotrope w/ water

Miscible in:

====Propanol====

[[File:Propanol.png]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; color: green;"
!Solvent
!Boiling Point °C 
!Solubility /w Water
!Density
!Molar mass
|-
|C2H5OH || 97 °C || Miscible || 0.803 g/ml || 60.1 g/mol ||
|-
|}

Azeotrope % weight /w water = 71.7%

Miscible in:

====Isopropanol====

====Glycerol====

====Propylene Glycol====


==Polar aprotic==

===Ketones===

Short chain ketones are miscible in ALL organic solvents


====Acetone====

[[File:Acetone.png]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; color: green;"
!Formula
!Boiling Point °C 
!Solubility /w Water
!Density
!Molar mass
|-
|C3H6O || 56 °C || Miscible || 0.786 g/ml || 58.08 g/mol ||
|-
|}

Miscible in:

All organic solvents

-
Does not from an Azeotrope with water

====Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)====

[[File:MEK.png]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; color: green;"
!Formula
!Boiling Point °C 
!Solubility /w Water
!Density
!Molar mass
|-
|C4H8O || 80 °C || Miscible 275. g/L || 0.805 g/ml || 72.11 g/mol ||
|-
|}

Miscible in:

All organic solvents

====Cyclohexanone====

[[File:Cyclohexanone.png]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; color: green;"
!Formula
!Boiling Point °C 
!Solubility /w Water
!Density
!Molar mass
|-
|C6H10O || 155.65 °C || Miscible 90 g/L || 0.9478 g/ml || 98.15 g/mol ||
|-
|}

Miscible in:

All organic solvents

===Esters===

====Ethyl acetate====

===Ethers===

====Tetrahydrofuran====


===Others===

====Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)====

====Acetonitrile====

====Dimethylformamide====


==Non-polar==

===Aliphatic===

====Butane====

====Pentane====

====Hexane====

====Heptane====

====Octane====

===Cyclic===

====Cyclohexane====

====Cyclopentane====

===Aromatic===

====Benzene====

====Toluene====

====Xylene====


===Ethers===

====Diethyl ether====

===Chlorinated hydrocarbons (only slighlty polar)===

====Chloroform====

====Carbon Tetrachloride====

====Dichloromethane (DCM)====

===Other===

====d-limonene====




=Common Azeotropes=

(taken from wikipedia)


{|
| align="center" valign="top" rowspan="2" | <big>'''Azeotropes of water, b.p.=100&nbsp;°C'''</big>
{| class="wikitable"
! 2nd Component !! b.p. of<br>comp. (˚C) !! b.p. of<br>mixture (˚C) !! % by<br>weight !! spef.<br>grav
|-
| colspan="5" align="center" | '''with various [[alcohol]]s'''
|-
| [[ethanol]] || 78.4 || 78.1 || 95.5
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 0.804
|- bgcolor="#CCFFFF"
| [[methanol]]<ref name="br"/> || 64.7
| colspan="3" align="center" | No azeotrope
|-
| [[Propan-1-ol|''n''-propanol]] || 97.2 || 87.7 || 71.7
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 0.866
|-
| [[Propan-2-ol|''iso''-propanol]] || 82.5 || 80.4 || 87.9
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 0.818
|-
| [[n-Butanol|''n''-butanol]] || 117.8 || 92.4 || 55.5<br>U 79.9<br>L 7.7
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | <br>U 0.849<br>L 0.990
|-
| [[2-Butanol|''sec''-butanol]] || 99.5 || 88.5 || 67.9
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 0.863
|-
| [[isobutanol|''iso''-butanol]] || 108.0 || 90.0 || 70.0<br>U 85.0<br>L 8.7
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | <br>U 0.839<br>L 0.988
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| [[Tert-Butanol|''tert''-butanol]] || 82.8 || 79.9 || 88.3 ||
|-
| [[allyl alcohol]] || 97.0 || 88.2 || 72.9
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 0.905
|-
| [[benzyl alcohol]] || 205.2 || 99.9 || 9 ||
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| [[furfuryl alcohol]] || 169.4 || 98.5 || 20 ||
|- bgcolor="#CCFFFF"
| [[cyclohexanol]]<ref name="metalfinishing"/> || 161.1 || 97.8 || 20 ||
|- bgcolor="#CCFFFF"
| [[benzyl alcohol]]<ref name="metalfinishing"/> || 205.4 || 99.9 || 9 ||
|-
| colspan="5" align="center" | '''with various [[organic acid]]s'''
|-
| [[formic acid]] || 100.8 || 107.3 || 77.5 ||
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| [[acetic acid]] <sup>‡</sup><ref name="br">{{Cite web
| url = http://www.solvent--recycling.com/azeotrope_1.html
| title = What is an Azeotrope?
| accessdate = 24 March 2007

| author =
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| date =
| year =
| month =
| work =
| publisher = B/R Corporation
| pages =
| language =
| quote =
| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070424141816/http://www.solvent--recycling.com/azeotrope_1.html| archivedate= 24 April 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="hilmen">
{{Cite web
| url = http://www.chemeng.ntnu.no/thesis/download/2000/hilmen/Thesis_Hilmen.pdf
| title = Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures: Tools for Analysis and Studies on Batch Distillation Operation
| accessdate = 24 March 2007

| author = Eva-Katrine Hilmen
| last = Hilmen
| first = Eva-Katrine
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| date =
| year = 2000
| month = November
| format =
| work =
| publisher = Norwegian University of Science and Technology, dept. of Chemical Engineering
| pages =
| language =
| archiveurl =
| archivedate =
| quote =
}}</ref> || 118.1
| colspan="3" align="center" | No azeotrope
|-
| [[propionic acid]] || 141.1 || 99.98 || 17.7
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 1.016
|-
| [[butyric acid]] || 163.5 || 99.94 || 18.4
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 1.007
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| [[isobutyric acid|''iso''-butyric acid]] || 154.5 || 99.3 || 21 ||
|-
| colspan="5" align="center" | '''with [[mineral acid]]s'''
|-
| [[nitric acid]] || 86.0 || 120.5 || 68
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 1.405
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| [[perchloric acid]] || 110.0 || 203 || 71.6 ||
|-
| [[hydrofluoric acid]] || 19.9 || 120 || 37 ||
|-
| [[hydrochloric acid]] || –84 || 110 || 20.24
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 1.102
|-
| [[hydrobromic acid]] || –73 || 126 || 47.5
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 1.481
|-
| [[hydroiodic acid]] || –34 || 127 || 57
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| [[sulfuric acid]] || 290 || 338 || 98 ||
|-
| colspan="5" align="center" | '''with various [[alkyl halide]]s'''
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| [[1,2-Dichloroethane|ethylene chloride]] || 83.7 || 72 || 91.8 ||
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| [[1,2-Dichloropropane|propylene chloride]] || 96.8 || 78 || 89.4 ||
|- bgcolor="#FFFFCC"
| [[chloroform]] || 61.2 || 53.3 || 97.0<br>U 0.8<br>L 99.8
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | <br>U 1.004<br>L 1.491
|- bgcolor="#FFFFCC"
| [[carbon tetrachloride]] || 76.8 || 66.8 || 95.9<br>U 0.03<br>L 99.97
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | <br>U 1.000<br>L 1.597
|- bgcolor="#FFFFCC"
| [[dichloromethane|methylene chloride]] || 40.0 || 38.8 || 99.6<br>U 2.0<br>99.9
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | <br>U 1.009<br>L 1.328
|-
| colspan="5" align="center" | '''with various [[ester]]s'''
|-
| [[ethyl acetate]] || 77.1 || 70.4 || 91.9<br>U 96.7<br>L 8.7
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | <br>U 0.907<br>L 0.999
|- bgcolor="#FFFFCC"
| [[methyl acetate]] || 57.0 || 56.1 || 95.0 || 0.940
|- bgcolor="CCFFFF"
| [[n-propyl acetate]]<ref name="metalfinishing">{{Cite web
| url = http://www.metalfinishing.com/_virtual/article-downloads/Table%201_a2648.pdf
| title = Binary Organic Azeotropes Useful for Solvent Cleaning
| accessdate = 13 February 2011
| author = John Durkee
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| date =
| year = 2000
| month = November
| format =
| work =
| publisher = metalfinishing.com
| pages =
| language =
| archiveurl =
| archivedate =
| quote =
}} </ref> || 101.6 || 82.4 || 86 ||
|- bgcolor="FFCCFF"
| [[ethyl nitrate]] || 87.7 || 74.4 || 78 ||
|-
| colspan="5" align="center" | '''with various other [[solvent]]s'''
|- bgcolor="#CCFFFF"
| [[acetone]] <sup>‡</sup><ref name="br"/><ref name="hilmen"/> || 56.5&nbsp;°C
| colspan="3" align="center" | No azeotrope
|-
| [[methyl ethyl ketone]] || 79.6 || 73.5 || 89
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 0.834
|-
| [[pyridine]] || 115.5 || 92.6 || 57
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 1.010
|-
| [[benzene]] || 80.2 || 69.3 || 91.1<br>U 99.94<br>L 0.07
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | <br>U 0.880<br>L 0.999
|-
| [[toluene]] || 110.8 || 84.1 || 79.8<br>U 99.95<br>L 0.06
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | <br>U 0.868<br>L 1.000
|- bgcolor="#FFFFCC"
| [[cyclohexane]] || 80.7 || 69.8 || 91.5<br>U 99.99<br>L 0.01||<br>U 0.780<br>L 1.00
|-
| [[diethyl ether]] || 34.5 || 34.2 || 98.7
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 0.720
|- bgcolor="#CCFFFF"
| [[tetrahydrofuran]]<ref name="br"/> || 66 || 65 || 95 ||
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| [[anisole]] || 153.9 || 95.5 || 59.5 ||
|- bgcolor="#FFFFCC"
| [[acetonitrile]] || 82.0 || 76.5 || 83.7
| bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 0.818
|- bgcolor="#FFFFCC"
| [[chloral]] || 97.75 || 95.0 || 93.0 ||
|- bgcolor="#CCFFFF"
| [[hydrazine]]<ref name="merck4653">''Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 9th ed.'' monograph 4653</ref> || 113.5&nbsp;°C || 120.3&nbsp;°C || 68.5 ||
|}