DMT-Nexus Wiki - User contributions [en]

The Nexian DMT Handbook

2012-06-25T03:52:10Z

Zakara: /* Purification */

{{ShowInfo|[[Image:Exclamation.png]]||This handbook propounds to illuminate all manner of DMT practice for informational purposes and for implementation '''only where it is legal to do so'''. That being said, DMT's production and use should not be condoned or endorsed where it is illegal to do so. Even where it is legal to do so, the operator must proceed with caution and in adherence to local laws, as '''many of the chemicals required for production can be hazardous to health or otherwise dangerous.'''}}

{{ShowInfo|[[Image:Note_error.png]]|'''Note:'''|This page is a work in progress -- its content throughout is not yet complete.}}

The production and use of '''[[DMT]] (N,N-Dimethyltryptamine)''', otherwise known as '''"[[Spice]]"''', is a practice that resonates strongly with the complementary qualities of ancient shamanic and alchemical spiritual practice as well as contemporary DIY (Do It Yourself) ethic. The production of spice is a discipline unlike that of most other commonly manufactured drugs, as it is not as well suited for bulk-production nor production for the purpose of sale as most well-known and intensively manufactured substances. As such, its use is generally inseparable from its production in practice and in spirit.

The production of DMT most commonly entails its extraction from botanical sources and only very rarely entails its synthesis. In this way, its production still strongly resembles its more ancient preparations by manner of brewing, a simple form of aqueous extraction still commonly performed to this day. This is the simplest and most readily administered form of extract if used as a component of a harmaloid-based preparation or -huasca brew.

----

Please take the time to seek further elaboration at the following resources:
: [http://www.dmt-nexus.me/ The DMT-Nexus]
: [http://deoxy.org/dmt.htm deoxy.org/dmt]
: [http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/ Erowid's DMT Vault]
: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyltryptamine Wikipedia's Article on DMT]

=='''Source Selection'''==
[[Image:DMT.png|thumb]]
DMT, its analogues, and other related alkaloids can be found in a wide variety of lifeforms, varying from trace amounts to considerable amounts. It is impossible, therefore, to include all of the sources from which DMT can be extracted, so the following discussion will focus primarily on the most commonly used and significant botanical sources.

==='''Botanical Considerations'''===

Several species of plants contain a variety of constituents apart from DMT. This consideration is of the utmost importance when selecting the source plant from which an extraction is to be performed, as it may become the determining factor in the material requirements of the extraction process. Some plants may even contain toxic alkaloids, so thorough research must be conducted prior to selection, extraction, and administration.

====='''Common Botanical Sources'''=====

{{:Mimosa hostilis}}

{{:Diplopterys cabrerana}}

{{:Psychotria viridis}}

See also:
:[[DMT Containing Plants]]
:[http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1123 Plants that Contain DMT forum topic]

====='''Methods of Refinery'''=====

Before extracting alkaloids from the variety of plants named above, one generally needs to clean and prepare the plant source, to include washing, pulverization, or any other necessary pre-treatment. Oftentimes, plants obtained through vendors have been prepared to some extent, and only require some degree of pulverization unless obtained in pre-powdered form. Pulverization is generally achieved by use of a household coffee grinder or a blender, though some materials must be prepared for pulverization by hand or any other method to avoid damaging the grinder. The process can be quite messy and painstaking, depending on the material an methods used.

====='''Defatting Concerns'''=====

Depending on the extraction methods used, foliage will require a defatting phase in order to better facilitate a proper extraction. This generally reguires that the material undergo extraction by acidic water prior to defatting. The product will be rendered water soluble and will remain in an aqueous phase as the solution is washed with an [[NPS]] to remove fats and oils.

==='''Vendor Considerations'''===

Though none of the plants containing DMT are illegal, the alkaloids contained within generally are. Vendors generally must take it upon themselves not to advertise the illicit contents of their products, otherwise risking putting themselves and their customers in jeopardy. Ordering these botanicals from across borders into countries where their contents are considered illegal is ill-advised but not necessarily risky, especially not if intended for legitimate use. Always be sure to research the reputation of a vendor prior to purchase, as the potentially taboo nature of their products may inspire unethical business practice, such as unreliable delivery or poor product quality; though such cases are not necessarily specifically limited specifically to these sorts of vendors, of course.

:[http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=39 Suppliers Forum Topic]

==='''Considerations Regarding Cultivation'''===

Again, as these plants are usually not illegal, neither is their cultivation. Often these plants are only native to very specific regions, thus requiring very specific growing conditions, but many can be successfully cultivated indoors or seasonally outside of their native regions. Cultivation for the expressed or deduced purpose of refinery, use or sale of an illicit substance can result in harsh legal consequences, however.

:[http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=38 The Ethnobotanical Garden Forum Topic]

=='''Extraction'''==

[[Image:800px-Dimethyltryptamine-3d-sticks.png|thumb]]

Extraction generally refers to the process of isolating a product from a source. The basic idea is to utilize the unique properties of the product—whether reactive, electromagnetic, or otherwise structural—to draw it out of the source and into a target solvent. To accomplish this the product must either be naturally soluble in the solvent or must undergo reaction to increase its solubility. The difference between a high and low yield is firstly determined by how much more soluble the product is in the target solvent, than in its source material or solution, and secondly by how thoroughly the target solvent is mechanically brought into contact with the target solvent; this is generally determined by a combination of the droplet size and dispersion of a solvent and/or the surface area exposure and structural consistency of the source material.

See also:
:[http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1085 DMT Extraction Overview]

{{:Straight-To-Base Extraction}}

{{:Acid/Base Extraction}}

{{:Dry Technique Extraction}}

{{:Limtek Extraction}}

=='''Crystallization'''==

[[Image:Dmtx400tt9.jpg|thumb]]

Crystallization is the process by which a product is isolated from a solvent. This is accomplished by either allowing the solvent to completely evaporate or by causing a precipitation to occur within the solvent, which can then be isolated from the solvent by several methods and then dried of any residual solvent.

=== Evaporation and Slow Precipitation ===

In extraction, evaporation is the process by which a solvent disperses from its liquid form into the air as a vapor and a gas. When this occurs, the less volatile constituents of the solvent solution are left behind, and as such, it is a common method of isolating solutes from solvent. Typically, a solvent is evaporated in a shallow dish in order to maximize surface area exposure, often with mild heat and airflow applied to hasten the process; however, minimizing surface area and airflow and eliminating heat are often found to improve the quality of precipitate yielded by process of slow precipitation. Many solvents are found to be limited in their ability to crystallize a product by evaporation, yielding a product ranging from oils and "goo," to waxy crystals, to fluffy crystalline powder, to hard crystal shards. These discrepancies in quality of yield are determined by the solvents speed of evaporation, solubility of product in the solvent, or impurities present in the solvent.

Considerations:
* Many common solvents contain impurities which may not be quite as volatile as the pure solvent and may leave these impurities behind as a residue.
* Solvents often emit fumes and odors which may be hazardous to health, flammable, or may alarm those within proximity of the odor.
* Some solvents may require an excessive length of time to evaporate.
* Some solvents may absorb ambient moisture, resulting in a less expedient evaporation.
* Excessive air flow may cause the oxidization of the product.
* Solvent may become Trapped within the crystal structure of the product, resulting in a less solid and less pure product.

==== Full-Range Extracting Solvents ====

[[Xylene]]

[[Toluene]]

[[d-Limonene]]

[[Dichloromethane]]

[[Ethyl Ether]]

[[Chloroform]]

==== Low-Solubility Solvents ====

Theses solvents dissolve a much more narrow range of product and are used to isolate DMT from active and inactive impurities, alike. However, when used for extraction, they are often heated and dissolve a bit more variance in alkaloids, and they may require further purification.

* [[Heptane]] requires much heating to dissolve any significant concentration of product but precipitates product very easily at room temperature or cooler. It is often found in quite pure form, reliably free of additives, and is a choice solvent for recrystallization and slow evaporation and precipitation.
* [[Naphtha]] can require a bit of heating to dissolve a significant concentration of product but precipitates product relatively easily at room temperature or cooler. While never without a wide variety of additives, some brands will evaporate cleanly without leaving a residue. This is a common solvent used for both extraction and evaporation but is often considered most preferable for [[#Freeze Precipitation|freeze precipitation]].

==== Polar Solvents ====

[[Acetone]]
[[MEK]]
[[IPA]]

{{:Freeze Precipitation}}

{{:Manual Crystallization}}

=== Salting ===

Salting is the process by which freebase DMT is reacted with an acid to create a salt form which is generally water-soluble. The natural form of DMT in botanical sources tends to be a salt-form, thus facilitating the simple aqueous extraction used to prepare DMT-containing brews. It is quite common to perform aqueous acid extractions from the material, however—whether for the purposes of a brew or for A/B extraction. The salt-form itself rarely lends itself to proper crystallization and usually can only be isolated as an oil unless very specific methods and materials are employed.

==== The Use of Fumaric Acid ====

Few salt-forms of DMT facilitate crystallization, but DMT fumarate currently stands alone as a solid crystalline salt-form of DMT.

{{:The FASA Method}}
{{:The FASW Method}}
{{:The FASIPA Method}}

==== Discussion of Other Salt-Forms ====

==== Further Elaboration and Technical Support ====

: [http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=23 Subforum on the Topic of Salting]

=='''Purification'''==

[[Image:Dmt crystal.jpg|thumb]]

The purification of DMT product has several purposes and is accomplished by several different methods, but all of them essentially involve the washing of product in some way or another. Purification either involves the isolation of product from unwanted impurities from the plant source or from the process of extraction, or it involves the isolation of product from active impurities which may or may not be collected after isolation.

==='''Recrystallization'''===

The general purpose of recrystallization is to crystallize the product in a fresh solvent after it has already been isolated from the extraction solvent, likely containing a considerable amount of impurities. In this technique, an impure solid compound is dissolved in a solvent and then allowed to slowly crystallize out as the solution cools. Often this process results in more well-formed crystals with less discoloration. The advantage of this method of purification is that the solvent choice for recrystallization may be different and more suitable than that chosen for extraction. Crystallization of a solid relies on slow, selective formation of the crystal lattice and is quite different from precipitation. In freeze precipitation, there is a rapid formation of a solid from a solution that causes impurities to be trapped within the solid's crystal framework. For this reason, extractions that rely on precipitation or evaporation to produce a solid product always include a final recrystallization step to give the pure compound.

The process of recrystallization relies on the property that for most compounds, as the temperature of a solvent increases, the solubility of the compound in that solvent also increases. For example, much more sugar can be dissolved in very hot water (just below boiling) than in water at room temperature. Inversely, if a hot saturated solution of sugar and water is allowed to cool, sugar will begin to crystallize out of solution as solubility decreases. Recrystallization will give your product a more sharply defined, uniform melting point and in the case of DMT allow for hard non-waxy crystals.

{{Procedure|Removing Inactive Impurities via Recrystallization|

{{materials_list
|
* '''Freebase DMT'''
|
* '''Heptane'''
|
* '''Activated Charcoal (eg. Norit)'''
|
* '''Filter papers, Beakers, Waterbath, Pipette '''}}

# ''Find a suitable solvent for the recrystallization;''
# ''Dissolve the impure solid in a minimum volume of hot solvent;''
# ''Remove any insoluble impurities by filtration;''
# ''Slowly cool the hot solution to crystallize the desired compound from the solution.''}}

==== Finding a suitable solvent ====
The first consideration in purifying a solid by recrystallization is to find a suitable solvent. A good recrystallization solvent should fit the following criteria:

1. The compound should be very soluble at the boiling point of the solvent and only sparingly soluble in the solvent at room temperature.

2. The unwanted impurities should be insoluble in the hot solvent.

A good recrystallization solvent for DMT is [[heptane]]. DMT is not very soluble in it at room temperature but quite soluble as we add heat. Most common spice impurities, however, are not very soluble in it at all and can thus be separated via simple decanting.

==== Dissolve solid into hot solvent ====
Prepare a waterbath and heat the DMT and the heptane in their own beakers until the DMT begins to melt. Add heated solvent dropwise into the beaker containing the extract. The heptane will go cloudy almost immediately and take on a yellow color as the DMT goes into solution. Keep adding heated solvent until further addition or agitation causes no more DMT to dissolve.

Your beaker should now contain yellowish-tinged heptane with an orange-brown blob of oil and undissolved solids at the bottom of the vessel. Carefully decant the solution into another beaker, careful to leave the impurities behind. Repeat dropwise addition of heated solvent and decantation to ensure no DMT is left behind.

==== Decolorize with carbon ====
Now that we have dealt with insoluble impurities, our solution is see-through but tinged yellow. This discoloration is due to the presence of high-molecular-weight reaction by-products which may have been formed during the extraction process. A simple wash with activated carbon will get rid of decolorizing compounds. (Activated carbon is extremely efficient at absorbing impurities due to its large surface area.)

1. Add excess solvent and activated carbon, and boil the solution for a few minutes. The colored impurities will adsorb onto the surface of activated charcoal.

2. Remove the charcoal with absorbed impurities by filtration. Your solvent should now be almost clear. If the yellow color persists, repeat the charcoal wash carefully.

'''Note: Very little activated carbon is needed to remove the colored impurities from a solution. You must be careful in your use of decolorizing carbon: if too much is used, it can adsorb the desired compound from the solution as well as the colored impurities.'''

==== Crystallization ====
After the solution has been filtered cover the flask containing the hot filtrate and set it aside undisturbed to cool slowly to room temperature. As the solution cools, the solubility of the dissolved compound will decrease and the solid will begin to crystallize from the solution. Once the solution reaches room temperature, move it into the refridgerator, and finally into the freezer to freeze precipitate most of the DMT.

''' ''The slower your solution cools, the cleaner and larger your crystals will be.'' '''

==== Further Reading ====

[http://www.wikihow.com/Crystallize-Organic-Compounds How to Crystallize Organic Compounds - WikiHow]

[http://loinen.i2p.to/rhodium/chemistry/equipment/recrystallization.html Recrystallization Technique - Rhodium]
[[Category:Enhancement Tek]]
[[Category:Harm reduction]]

{{:Washing Spice}}

==='''Freebase Conversion from Salt'''===

The methods used for converting crystalline salt-form DMT into freebase are not dissimilar from those used in extraction. The only significant difference between the processes is that the conversion involves far fewer impurities and less material than the extraction. Because of of this and the fact that it involves the isolation of the product from an acid, the conversion acts as a sort of purification method.

{{:Drytek Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

{{:Crystalline Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

{{:Nontoxic Freebase Spice Conversion}}

{{:STB Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====

: [[:Category:Conversion Tek|Directory of Conversion Teks]]
: [http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=23 Forum on the Topic of FASA]

=='''Administration'''==

{{:Leaf Enhancement}}

==='''Vaporization'''===

The vaporization method of administration pertains to the use of pure freebase product with no additional material. This method generally makes use of heating an apparatus that is intended to distribute the heat to the product until it reaches the point of vaporization and can be inhaled.

====='''Glass-Pipe Vaporizers'''=====

Glass-pipe vaporizers are glass pieces that are meant to be heated directly in order to indirectly disperse that heat into the product. The glass used must be thin enough for the heat to pass through its structure and potentially distribute the heat evenly. The piece must have a chamber within which the product will undergo vaporization. It must be assembled in a manner that will allow for air intake and output: The output being the inhalation nozzle, and the input being a sort of carb.

{{procedure
|the Improvisation of a Glass Pipe Vaporizer
|
}}

{{:The Machine}}

====='''Effective Use and Maintenance'''=====

As the term indicates, vaporizers are intended to vaporize, not to burn product, as such, the product should never come into contact with the flame or be overly heated to the point of burning. Generally, a vacuum must be generated in order to direct the heat through the product and to direct the vapor into the chamber. Which should not be allowed to sit for too long, as it may begin to precipitate within the chamber. Every toke should be held in the lungs as long as necessary for the vapor to be completely absorbed, as no vapor should be exhaled.

Heat-Source:
: Though many prefer a butane torch for expedient heating, and though many manners of vaporizer demand its use, a standard lighter will produce adequate heat for vaporization. A standard lighter is generally ideal for vaporizers that generate a strong enough vacuum to pull the flame toward the heat sink.

Common Methods of Inhalation:
* Some prefer to vaporize their entire dose before inhaling so as to administer one strong toke. This method can be quite harsh and difficult on the lungs and throat and may induce coughing. However, this is reportedly the most intense method of administration, almost always inducing a "breakthrough" if held in the lungs for adequate absorption.
* Others prefer to administer one dose within multiple tokes, which is reportedly slightly longer-lasting and much easier on the lungs and throat though possibly less intense. Usually the amount of tokes taken depends on the intended depth of the experience. In many cases, three is found to be more than adequate and four is said to be a "breakthrough" dose. Any subsequent tokes to the first toke must occur within the first minute, due to both tolerance and lack of motor skills building up rapidly

Cleaning the Apparatus:
* The apparatus used for vaporization can be cleaned using the same solvents used for extraction. However, volatility and toxicity concerns should be a strong consideration in choosing the proper solvent.
* It is preferable to choose a solvent that evaporates quickly and cleanly and able to dissolve a broad range of products, as oxidization is likely to have occurred.
* Residual solvent residue may be hazardous, as the user may inhale harmful fumes or potentially ignite the solvent.

: The residual product dissolved by the cleaning solvent may be salvaged by appropriate methods of crystallization. However, it is likely to contain a variety of inactive constituents, so proper purification measures would be advisable.

====='''Concerns Regarding the Experience'''=====

* The primary effects of smoked DMT, induced within minutes of administration, last for about 5-10 minutes and are characterized by strong visual hallucination, a strong psychedelic quality, and minor auditory hallucination, while the secondary effects of a much more mild character may last for up to an hour.
* Tolerance is reportedly induced rapidly and often dissipates rapidly, though repeated or high doses may induce a slightly longer term tolerance. Some believe it is best to wait at least one hour between doses.
* The experience of smoking DMT is said to be quite overwhelming. It is often necessary for the user to have a "sitter" nearby to tend to the smoking apparatus so as to not risk the possibility of the user damaging it or accidentally inflicting burns. It can also be temporarily debilitating, so the user may be advised to refrain from any physical activity.
* Set and setting are of the utmost importance, as the user is often rendered temporarily vulnerable and emotionally fragile. The user must determine the appropriate conditions in which administration is to take place but is advised to initially seek out a setting containing minimal stimuli.
* It may also behoove the user to seek out a more experienced sitter for guidance and support. Often this is unavailable, and as such, it would be more advisable for the user to perform the rite in solitude. An inexperienced sitter may inadvertently induce anxiety in the user out of negligence or unnecessary concern.

====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====

: [http://forums.mycotopia.net/attachments/botanicals-cactus-misc-entheogens-psychedelics/67822d1195320961-dmt-pipe-83484machine.jpg "The Machine" Article from The Entheogen Review]

==='''Potentiation'''===

: The effects of DMT, as with most psychedelic substances, can be lengthened, strengthened, altered, or otherwise potentiated through the use of various psychoactive or bioactive compounds. The potentiation of DMT is actually the oldest method of administration, as its necessarily potentiated oral administration serves as the compound's longest known history of use. DMT is generally considered to be orally inactive without some form of potentiation, such as a harmaloid preparation. DMT's potentiation is not limited to oral use, however, as many of the same potentiating agents may be used in conjunction with vaporized or otherwise administered DMT.

{{:Harmaloids}}

{{:Jungle Spice}}

====='''Further Potentiation'''=====

=='''Appendices'''==

==='''Storage Concerns'''===
: DMT should be stored in a cool and dry place, preferably in a sealed container.

{{:DMT N-Oxide}}

=== Analogues ===

{{:5-MeO-DMT}}

{{:Bufotenin}}

=== References ===

{{Page Footer|The Nexian DMT Handbook|DMT}}

The Nexian DMT Handbook

2012-06-25T03:45:18Z

Zakara: /* Process of Recrystallization */

{{ShowInfo|[[Image:Exclamation.png]]||This handbook propounds to illuminate all manner of DMT practice for informational purposes and for implementation '''only where it is legal to do so'''. That being said, DMT's production and use should not be condoned or endorsed where it is illegal to do so. Even where it is legal to do so, the operator must proceed with caution and in adherence to local laws, as '''many of the chemicals required for production can be hazardous to health or otherwise dangerous.'''}}

{{ShowInfo|[[Image:Note_error.png]]|'''Note:'''|This page is a work in progress -- its content throughout is not yet complete.}}

The production and use of '''[[DMT]] (N,N-Dimethyltryptamine)''', otherwise known as '''"[[Spice]]"''', is a practice that resonates strongly with the complementary qualities of ancient shamanic and alchemical spiritual practice as well as contemporary DIY (Do It Yourself) ethic. The production of spice is a discipline unlike that of most other commonly manufactured drugs, as it is not as well suited for bulk-production nor production for the purpose of sale as most well-known and intensively manufactured substances. As such, its use is generally inseparable from its production in practice and in spirit.

The production of DMT most commonly entails its extraction from botanical sources and only very rarely entails its synthesis. In this way, its production still strongly resembles its more ancient preparations by manner of brewing, a simple form of aqueous extraction still commonly performed to this day. This is the simplest and most readily administered form of extract if used as a component of a harmaloid-based preparation or -huasca brew.

----

Please take the time to seek further elaboration at the following resources:
: [http://www.dmt-nexus.me/ The DMT-Nexus]
: [http://deoxy.org/dmt.htm deoxy.org/dmt]
: [http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/ Erowid's DMT Vault]
: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyltryptamine Wikipedia's Article on DMT]

=='''Source Selection'''==
[[Image:DMT.png|thumb]]
DMT, its analogues, and other related alkaloids can be found in a wide variety of lifeforms, varying from trace amounts to considerable amounts. It is impossible, therefore, to include all of the sources from which DMT can be extracted, so the following discussion will focus primarily on the most commonly used and significant botanical sources.

==='''Botanical Considerations'''===

Several species of plants contain a variety of constituents apart from DMT. This consideration is of the utmost importance when selecting the source plant from which an extraction is to be performed, as it may become the determining factor in the material requirements of the extraction process. Some plants may even contain toxic alkaloids, so thorough research must be conducted prior to selection, extraction, and administration.

====='''Common Botanical Sources'''=====

{{:Mimosa hostilis}}

{{:Diplopterys cabrerana}}

{{:Psychotria viridis}}

See also:
:[[DMT Containing Plants]]
:[http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1123 Plants that Contain DMT forum topic]

====='''Methods of Refinery'''=====

Before extracting alkaloids from the variety of plants named above, one generally needs to clean and prepare the plant source, to include washing, pulverization, or any other necessary pre-treatment. Oftentimes, plants obtained through vendors have been prepared to some extent, and only require some degree of pulverization unless obtained in pre-powdered form. Pulverization is generally achieved by use of a household coffee grinder or a blender, though some materials must be prepared for pulverization by hand or any other method to avoid damaging the grinder. The process can be quite messy and painstaking, depending on the material an methods used.

====='''Defatting Concerns'''=====

Depending on the extraction methods used, foliage will require a defatting phase in order to better facilitate a proper extraction. This generally reguires that the material undergo extraction by acidic water prior to defatting. The product will be rendered water soluble and will remain in an aqueous phase as the solution is washed with an [[NPS]] to remove fats and oils.

==='''Vendor Considerations'''===

Though none of the plants containing DMT are illegal, the alkaloids contained within generally are. Vendors generally must take it upon themselves not to advertise the illicit contents of their products, otherwise risking putting themselves and their customers in jeopardy. Ordering these botanicals from across borders into countries where their contents are considered illegal is ill-advised but not necessarily risky, especially not if intended for legitimate use. Always be sure to research the reputation of a vendor prior to purchase, as the potentially taboo nature of their products may inspire unethical business practice, such as unreliable delivery or poor product quality; though such cases are not necessarily specifically limited specifically to these sorts of vendors, of course.

:[http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=39 Suppliers Forum Topic]

==='''Considerations Regarding Cultivation'''===

Again, as these plants are usually not illegal, neither is their cultivation. Often these plants are only native to very specific regions, thus requiring very specific growing conditions, but many can be successfully cultivated indoors or seasonally outside of their native regions. Cultivation for the expressed or deduced purpose of refinery, use or sale of an illicit substance can result in harsh legal consequences, however.

:[http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=38 The Ethnobotanical Garden Forum Topic]

=='''Extraction'''==

[[Image:800px-Dimethyltryptamine-3d-sticks.png|thumb]]

Extraction generally refers to the process of isolating a product from a source. The basic idea is to utilize the unique properties of the product—whether reactive, electromagnetic, or otherwise structural—to draw it out of the source and into a target solvent. To accomplish this the product must either be naturally soluble in the solvent or must undergo reaction to increase its solubility. The difference between a high and low yield is firstly determined by how much more soluble the product is in the target solvent, than in its source material or solution, and secondly by how thoroughly the target solvent is mechanically brought into contact with the target solvent; this is generally determined by a combination of the droplet size and dispersion of a solvent and/or the surface area exposure and structural consistency of the source material.

See also:
:[http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1085 DMT Extraction Overview]

{{:Straight-To-Base Extraction}}

{{:Acid/Base Extraction}}

{{:Dry Technique Extraction}}

{{:Limtek Extraction}}

=='''Crystallization'''==

[[Image:Dmtx400tt9.jpg|thumb]]

Crystallization is the process by which a product is isolated from a solvent. This is accomplished by either allowing the solvent to completely evaporate or by causing a precipitation to occur within the solvent, which can then be isolated from the solvent by several methods and then dried of any residual solvent.

=== Evaporation and Slow Precipitation ===

In extraction, evaporation is the process by which a solvent disperses from its liquid form into the air as a vapor and a gas. When this occurs, the less volatile constituents of the solvent solution are left behind, and as such, it is a common method of isolating solutes from solvent. Typically, a solvent is evaporated in a shallow dish in order to maximize surface area exposure, often with mild heat and airflow applied to hasten the process; however, minimizing surface area and airflow and eliminating heat are often found to improve the quality of precipitate yielded by process of slow precipitation. Many solvents are found to be limited in their ability to crystallize a product by evaporation, yielding a product ranging from oils and "goo," to waxy crystals, to fluffy crystalline powder, to hard crystal shards. These discrepancies in quality of yield are determined by the solvents speed of evaporation, solubility of product in the solvent, or impurities present in the solvent.

Considerations:
* Many common solvents contain impurities which may not be quite as volatile as the pure solvent and may leave these impurities behind as a residue.
* Solvents often emit fumes and odors which may be hazardous to health, flammable, or may alarm those within proximity of the odor.
* Some solvents may require an excessive length of time to evaporate.
* Some solvents may absorb ambient moisture, resulting in a less expedient evaporation.
* Excessive air flow may cause the oxidization of the product.
* Solvent may become Trapped within the crystal structure of the product, resulting in a less solid and less pure product.

==== Full-Range Extracting Solvents ====

[[Xylene]]

[[Toluene]]

[[d-Limonene]]

[[Dichloromethane]]

[[Ethyl Ether]]

[[Chloroform]]

==== Low-Solubility Solvents ====

Theses solvents dissolve a much more narrow range of product and are used to isolate DMT from active and inactive impurities, alike. However, when used for extraction, they are often heated and dissolve a bit more variance in alkaloids, and they may require further purification.

* [[Heptane]] requires much heating to dissolve any significant concentration of product but precipitates product very easily at room temperature or cooler. It is often found in quite pure form, reliably free of additives, and is a choice solvent for recrystallization and slow evaporation and precipitation.
* [[Naphtha]] can require a bit of heating to dissolve a significant concentration of product but precipitates product relatively easily at room temperature or cooler. While never without a wide variety of additives, some brands will evaporate cleanly without leaving a residue. This is a common solvent used for both extraction and evaporation but is often considered most preferable for [[#Freeze Precipitation|freeze precipitation]].

==== Polar Solvents ====

[[Acetone]]
[[MEK]]
[[IPA]]

{{:Freeze Precipitation}}

{{:Manual Crystallization}}

=== Salting ===

Salting is the process by which freebase DMT is reacted with an acid to create a salt form which is generally water-soluble. The natural form of DMT in botanical sources tends to be a salt-form, thus facilitating the simple aqueous extraction used to prepare DMT-containing brews. It is quite common to perform aqueous acid extractions from the material, however—whether for the purposes of a brew or for A/B extraction. The salt-form itself rarely lends itself to proper crystallization and usually can only be isolated as an oil unless very specific methods and materials are employed.

==== The Use of Fumaric Acid ====

Few salt-forms of DMT facilitate crystallization, but DMT fumarate currently stands alone as a solid crystalline salt-form of DMT.

{{:The FASA Method}}
{{:The FASW Method}}
{{:The FASIPA Method}}

==== Discussion of Other Salt-Forms ====

==== Further Elaboration and Technical Support ====

: [http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=23 Subforum on the Topic of Salting]

=='''Purification'''==

[[Image:Dmt crystal.jpg|thumb]]

The purification of DMT product has several purposes and is accomplished by several different methods, but all of them essentially involve the washing of product in some way or another. Purification either involves the isolation of product from unwanted impurities from the plant source or from the process of extraction, or it involves the isolation of product from active impurities which may or may not be collected after isolation.

==='''Recrystallization'''===

The general purpose of recrystallization is to crystallize the product in a fresh solvent after it has already been isolated from the extraction solvent, likely containing a considerable amount of impurities. In this technique, an impure solid compound is dissolved in a solvent and then allowed to slowly crystallize out as the solution cools. Often this process results in more well-formed crystals with less discoloration. The advantage of this method of purification is that the solvent choice for recrystallization may be different and more suitable than that chosen for extraction. Crystallization of a solid relies on slow, selective formation of the crystal lattice and is quite different from precipitation. In freeze precipitation, there is a rapid formation of a solid from a solution that causes impurities to be trapped within the solid's crystal framework. For this reason, extractions that rely on precipitation or evaporation to produce a solid product always include a final recrystallization step to give the pure compound.

The process of recrystallization relies on the property that for most compounds, as the temperature of a solvent increases, the solubility of the compound in that solvent also increases. For example, much more sugar can be dissolved in very hot water (just below boiling) than in water at room temperature. Inversely, if a hot saturated solution of sugar and water is allowed to cool, sugar will begin to crystallize out of solution as solubility decreases. Recrystallization will give your product a more sharply defined, uniform melting point and in the case of DMT allow for hard non-waxy crystals.

{{materials_list
|
* '''Freebase DMT'''
|
* '''Heptane'''
|
* '''Activated Charcoal (eg. Norit)'''
|
* '''Filter papers, Beakers, Waterbath, Pipette '''}}
{{materials_list
|
* '''Freebase DMT'''
|
* '''Heptane'''
|
* '''Activated Charcoal (eg. Norit)'''
|
* '''Filter papers, Beakers, Waterbath, Pipette '''}}
{{materials_list
|
* '''Freebase DMT'''
|
* '''Heptane'''
|
* '''Activated Charcoal (eg. Norit)'''
|
* '''Filter papers, Beakers, Waterbath, Pipette '''}}
==== Process of Recrystallization ====

1. ''Find a suitable solvent for the recrystallization;''

2. ''Dissolve the impure solid in a minimum volume of hot solvent;''

3. ''Remove any insoluble impurities by filtration;''

4. ''Slowly cool the hot solution to crystallize the desired compound from the solution.''

==== Finding a suitable solvent ====
The first consideration in purifying a solid by recrystallization is to find a suitable solvent. A good recrystallization solvent should fit the following criteria:

1. The compound should be very soluble at the boiling point of the solvent and only sparingly soluble in the solvent at room temperature.

2. The unwanted impurities should be insoluble in the hot solvent.

A good recrystallization solvent for DMT is [[heptane]]. DMT is not very soluble in it at room temperature but quite soluble as we add heat. Most common spice impurities, however, are not very soluble in it at all and can thus be separated via simple decanting.

==== Dissolve solid into hot solvent ====
Prepare a waterbath and heat the DMT and the heptane in their own beakers until the DMT begins to melt. Add heated solvent dropwise into the beaker containing the extract. The heptane will go cloudy almost immediately and take on a yellow color as the DMT goes into solution. Keep adding heated solvent until further addition or agitation causes no more DMT to dissolve.

Your beaker should now contain yellowish-tinged heptane with an orange-brown blob of oil and undissolved solids at the bottom of the vessel. Carefully decant the solution into another beaker, careful to leave the impurities behind. Repeat dropwise addition of heated solvent and decantation to ensure no DMT is left behind.

==== Decolorize with carbon ====
Now that we have dealt with insoluble impurities, our solution is see-through but tinged yellow. This discoloration is due to the presence of high-molecular-weight reaction by-products which may have been formed during the extraction process. A simple wash with activated carbon will get rid of decolorizing compounds. (Activated carbon is extremely efficient at absorbing impurities due to its large surface area.)

1. Add excess solvent and activated carbon, and boil the solution for a few minutes. The colored impurities will adsorb onto the surface of activated charcoal.

2. Remove the charcoal with absorbed impurities by filtration. Your solvent should now be almost clear. If the yellow color persists, repeat the charcoal wash carefully.

'''Note: Very little activated carbon is needed to remove the colored impurities from a solution. You must be careful in your use of decolorizing carbon: if too much is used, it can adsorb the desired compound from the solution as well as the colored impurities.'''

==== Crystallization ====
After the solution has been filtered cover the flask containing the hot filtrate and set it aside undisturbed to cool slowly to room temperature. As the solution cools, the solubility of the dissolved compound will decrease and the solid will begin to crystallize from the solution. Once the solution reaches room temperature, move it into the refridgerator, and finally into the freezer to freeze precipitate most of the DMT.

''' ''The slower your solution cools, the cleaner and larger your crystals will be.'' '''

==== Further Reading ====

[http://www.wikihow.com/Crystallize-Organic-Compounds How to Crystallize Organic Compounds - WikiHow]

[http://loinen.i2p.to/rhodium/chemistry/equipment/recrystallization.html Recrystallization Technique - Rhodium]
[[Category:Enhancement Tek]]
[[Category:Harm reduction]]

{{:Washing Spice}}

==='''Freebase Conversion from Salt'''===

The methods used for converting crystalline salt-form DMT into freebase are not dissimilar from those used in extraction. The only significant difference between the processes is that the conversion involves far fewer impurities and less material than the extraction. Because of of this and the fact that it involves the isolation of the product from an acid, the conversion acts as a sort of purification method.

{{:Drytek Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

{{:Crystalline Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

{{:Nontoxic Freebase Spice Conversion}}

{{:STB Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====

: [[:Category:Conversion Tek|Directory of Conversion Teks]]
: [http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=23 Forum on the Topic of FASA]

=='''Administration'''==

{{:Leaf Enhancement}}

==='''Vaporization'''===

The vaporization method of administration pertains to the use of pure freebase product with no additional material. This method generally makes use of heating an apparatus that is intended to distribute the heat to the product until it reaches the point of vaporization and can be inhaled.

====='''Glass-Pipe Vaporizers'''=====

Glass-pipe vaporizers are glass pieces that are meant to be heated directly in order to indirectly disperse that heat into the product. The glass used must be thin enough for the heat to pass through its structure and potentially distribute the heat evenly. The piece must have a chamber within which the product will undergo vaporization. It must be assembled in a manner that will allow for air intake and output: The output being the inhalation nozzle, and the input being a sort of carb.

{{procedure
|the Improvisation of a Glass Pipe Vaporizer
|
}}

{{:The Machine}}

====='''Effective Use and Maintenance'''=====

As the term indicates, vaporizers are intended to vaporize, not to burn product, as such, the product should never come into contact with the flame or be overly heated to the point of burning. Generally, a vacuum must be generated in order to direct the heat through the product and to direct the vapor into the chamber. Which should not be allowed to sit for too long, as it may begin to precipitate within the chamber. Every toke should be held in the lungs as long as necessary for the vapor to be completely absorbed, as no vapor should be exhaled.

Heat-Source:
: Though many prefer a butane torch for expedient heating, and though many manners of vaporizer demand its use, a standard lighter will produce adequate heat for vaporization. A standard lighter is generally ideal for vaporizers that generate a strong enough vacuum to pull the flame toward the heat sink.

Common Methods of Inhalation:
* Some prefer to vaporize their entire dose before inhaling so as to administer one strong toke. This method can be quite harsh and difficult on the lungs and throat and may induce coughing. However, this is reportedly the most intense method of administration, almost always inducing a "breakthrough" if held in the lungs for adequate absorption.
* Others prefer to administer one dose within multiple tokes, which is reportedly slightly longer-lasting and much easier on the lungs and throat though possibly less intense. Usually the amount of tokes taken depends on the intended depth of the experience. In many cases, three is found to be more than adequate and four is said to be a "breakthrough" dose. Any subsequent tokes to the first toke must occur within the first minute, due to both tolerance and lack of motor skills building up rapidly

Cleaning the Apparatus:
* The apparatus used for vaporization can be cleaned using the same solvents used for extraction. However, volatility and toxicity concerns should be a strong consideration in choosing the proper solvent.
* It is preferable to choose a solvent that evaporates quickly and cleanly and able to dissolve a broad range of products, as oxidization is likely to have occurred.
* Residual solvent residue may be hazardous, as the user may inhale harmful fumes or potentially ignite the solvent.

: The residual product dissolved by the cleaning solvent may be salvaged by appropriate methods of crystallization. However, it is likely to contain a variety of inactive constituents, so proper purification measures would be advisable.

====='''Concerns Regarding the Experience'''=====

* The primary effects of smoked DMT, induced within minutes of administration, last for about 5-10 minutes and are characterized by strong visual hallucination, a strong psychedelic quality, and minor auditory hallucination, while the secondary effects of a much more mild character may last for up to an hour.
* Tolerance is reportedly induced rapidly and often dissipates rapidly, though repeated or high doses may induce a slightly longer term tolerance. Some believe it is best to wait at least one hour between doses.
* The experience of smoking DMT is said to be quite overwhelming. It is often necessary for the user to have a "sitter" nearby to tend to the smoking apparatus so as to not risk the possibility of the user damaging it or accidentally inflicting burns. It can also be temporarily debilitating, so the user may be advised to refrain from any physical activity.
* Set and setting are of the utmost importance, as the user is often rendered temporarily vulnerable and emotionally fragile. The user must determine the appropriate conditions in which administration is to take place but is advised to initially seek out a setting containing minimal stimuli.
* It may also behoove the user to seek out a more experienced sitter for guidance and support. Often this is unavailable, and as such, it would be more advisable for the user to perform the rite in solitude. An inexperienced sitter may inadvertently induce anxiety in the user out of negligence or unnecessary concern.

====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====

: [http://forums.mycotopia.net/attachments/botanicals-cactus-misc-entheogens-psychedelics/67822d1195320961-dmt-pipe-83484machine.jpg "The Machine" Article from The Entheogen Review]

==='''Potentiation'''===

: The effects of DMT, as with most psychedelic substances, can be lengthened, strengthened, altered, or otherwise potentiated through the use of various psychoactive or bioactive compounds. The potentiation of DMT is actually the oldest method of administration, as its necessarily potentiated oral administration serves as the compound's longest known history of use. DMT is generally considered to be orally inactive without some form of potentiation, such as a harmaloid preparation. DMT's potentiation is not limited to oral use, however, as many of the same potentiating agents may be used in conjunction with vaporized or otherwise administered DMT.

{{:Harmaloids}}

{{:Jungle Spice}}

====='''Further Potentiation'''=====

=='''Appendices'''==

==='''Storage Concerns'''===
: DMT should be stored in a cool and dry place, preferably in a sealed container.

{{:DMT N-Oxide}}

=== Analogues ===

{{:5-MeO-DMT}}

{{:Bufotenin}}

=== References ===

{{Page Footer|The Nexian DMT Handbook|DMT}}

The Nexian DMT Handbook

2012-06-25T03:44:39Z

Zakara: /* Process of Recrystallization */

{{ShowInfo|[[Image:Exclamation.png]]||This handbook propounds to illuminate all manner of DMT practice for informational purposes and for implementation '''only where it is legal to do so'''. That being said, DMT's production and use should not be condoned or endorsed where it is illegal to do so. Even where it is legal to do so, the operator must proceed with caution and in adherence to local laws, as '''many of the chemicals required for production can be hazardous to health or otherwise dangerous.'''}}

{{ShowInfo|[[Image:Note_error.png]]|'''Note:'''|This page is a work in progress -- its content throughout is not yet complete.}}

The production and use of '''[[DMT]] (N,N-Dimethyltryptamine)''', otherwise known as '''"[[Spice]]"''', is a practice that resonates strongly with the complementary qualities of ancient shamanic and alchemical spiritual practice as well as contemporary DIY (Do It Yourself) ethic. The production of spice is a discipline unlike that of most other commonly manufactured drugs, as it is not as well suited for bulk-production nor production for the purpose of sale as most well-known and intensively manufactured substances. As such, its use is generally inseparable from its production in practice and in spirit.

The production of DMT most commonly entails its extraction from botanical sources and only very rarely entails its synthesis. In this way, its production still strongly resembles its more ancient preparations by manner of brewing, a simple form of aqueous extraction still commonly performed to this day. This is the simplest and most readily administered form of extract if used as a component of a harmaloid-based preparation or -huasca brew.

----

Please take the time to seek further elaboration at the following resources:
: [http://www.dmt-nexus.me/ The DMT-Nexus]
: [http://deoxy.org/dmt.htm deoxy.org/dmt]
: [http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/ Erowid's DMT Vault]
: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyltryptamine Wikipedia's Article on DMT]

=='''Source Selection'''==
[[Image:DMT.png|thumb]]
DMT, its analogues, and other related alkaloids can be found in a wide variety of lifeforms, varying from trace amounts to considerable amounts. It is impossible, therefore, to include all of the sources from which DMT can be extracted, so the following discussion will focus primarily on the most commonly used and significant botanical sources.

==='''Botanical Considerations'''===

Several species of plants contain a variety of constituents apart from DMT. This consideration is of the utmost importance when selecting the source plant from which an extraction is to be performed, as it may become the determining factor in the material requirements of the extraction process. Some plants may even contain toxic alkaloids, so thorough research must be conducted prior to selection, extraction, and administration.

====='''Common Botanical Sources'''=====

{{:Mimosa hostilis}}

{{:Diplopterys cabrerana}}

{{:Psychotria viridis}}

See also:
:[[DMT Containing Plants]]
:[http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1123 Plants that Contain DMT forum topic]

====='''Methods of Refinery'''=====

Before extracting alkaloids from the variety of plants named above, one generally needs to clean and prepare the plant source, to include washing, pulverization, or any other necessary pre-treatment. Oftentimes, plants obtained through vendors have been prepared to some extent, and only require some degree of pulverization unless obtained in pre-powdered form. Pulverization is generally achieved by use of a household coffee grinder or a blender, though some materials must be prepared for pulverization by hand or any other method to avoid damaging the grinder. The process can be quite messy and painstaking, depending on the material an methods used.

====='''Defatting Concerns'''=====

Depending on the extraction methods used, foliage will require a defatting phase in order to better facilitate a proper extraction. This generally reguires that the material undergo extraction by acidic water prior to defatting. The product will be rendered water soluble and will remain in an aqueous phase as the solution is washed with an [[NPS]] to remove fats and oils.

==='''Vendor Considerations'''===

Though none of the plants containing DMT are illegal, the alkaloids contained within generally are. Vendors generally must take it upon themselves not to advertise the illicit contents of their products, otherwise risking putting themselves and their customers in jeopardy. Ordering these botanicals from across borders into countries where their contents are considered illegal is ill-advised but not necessarily risky, especially not if intended for legitimate use. Always be sure to research the reputation of a vendor prior to purchase, as the potentially taboo nature of their products may inspire unethical business practice, such as unreliable delivery or poor product quality; though such cases are not necessarily specifically limited specifically to these sorts of vendors, of course.

:[http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=39 Suppliers Forum Topic]

==='''Considerations Regarding Cultivation'''===

Again, as these plants are usually not illegal, neither is their cultivation. Often these plants are only native to very specific regions, thus requiring very specific growing conditions, but many can be successfully cultivated indoors or seasonally outside of their native regions. Cultivation for the expressed or deduced purpose of refinery, use or sale of an illicit substance can result in harsh legal consequences, however.

:[http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=38 The Ethnobotanical Garden Forum Topic]

=='''Extraction'''==

[[Image:800px-Dimethyltryptamine-3d-sticks.png|thumb]]

Extraction generally refers to the process of isolating a product from a source. The basic idea is to utilize the unique properties of the product—whether reactive, electromagnetic, or otherwise structural—to draw it out of the source and into a target solvent. To accomplish this the product must either be naturally soluble in the solvent or must undergo reaction to increase its solubility. The difference between a high and low yield is firstly determined by how much more soluble the product is in the target solvent, than in its source material or solution, and secondly by how thoroughly the target solvent is mechanically brought into contact with the target solvent; this is generally determined by a combination of the droplet size and dispersion of a solvent and/or the surface area exposure and structural consistency of the source material.

See also:
:[http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1085 DMT Extraction Overview]

{{:Straight-To-Base Extraction}}

{{:Acid/Base Extraction}}

{{:Dry Technique Extraction}}

{{:Limtek Extraction}}

=='''Crystallization'''==

[[Image:Dmtx400tt9.jpg|thumb]]

Crystallization is the process by which a product is isolated from a solvent. This is accomplished by either allowing the solvent to completely evaporate or by causing a precipitation to occur within the solvent, which can then be isolated from the solvent by several methods and then dried of any residual solvent.

=== Evaporation and Slow Precipitation ===

In extraction, evaporation is the process by which a solvent disperses from its liquid form into the air as a vapor and a gas. When this occurs, the less volatile constituents of the solvent solution are left behind, and as such, it is a common method of isolating solutes from solvent. Typically, a solvent is evaporated in a shallow dish in order to maximize surface area exposure, often with mild heat and airflow applied to hasten the process; however, minimizing surface area and airflow and eliminating heat are often found to improve the quality of precipitate yielded by process of slow precipitation. Many solvents are found to be limited in their ability to crystallize a product by evaporation, yielding a product ranging from oils and "goo," to waxy crystals, to fluffy crystalline powder, to hard crystal shards. These discrepancies in quality of yield are determined by the solvents speed of evaporation, solubility of product in the solvent, or impurities present in the solvent.

Considerations:
* Many common solvents contain impurities which may not be quite as volatile as the pure solvent and may leave these impurities behind as a residue.
* Solvents often emit fumes and odors which may be hazardous to health, flammable, or may alarm those within proximity of the odor.
* Some solvents may require an excessive length of time to evaporate.
* Some solvents may absorb ambient moisture, resulting in a less expedient evaporation.
* Excessive air flow may cause the oxidization of the product.
* Solvent may become Trapped within the crystal structure of the product, resulting in a less solid and less pure product.

==== Full-Range Extracting Solvents ====

[[Xylene]]

[[Toluene]]

[[d-Limonene]]

[[Dichloromethane]]

[[Ethyl Ether]]

[[Chloroform]]

==== Low-Solubility Solvents ====

Theses solvents dissolve a much more narrow range of product and are used to isolate DMT from active and inactive impurities, alike. However, when used for extraction, they are often heated and dissolve a bit more variance in alkaloids, and they may require further purification.

* [[Heptane]] requires much heating to dissolve any significant concentration of product but precipitates product very easily at room temperature or cooler. It is often found in quite pure form, reliably free of additives, and is a choice solvent for recrystallization and slow evaporation and precipitation.
* [[Naphtha]] can require a bit of heating to dissolve a significant concentration of product but precipitates product relatively easily at room temperature or cooler. While never without a wide variety of additives, some brands will evaporate cleanly without leaving a residue. This is a common solvent used for both extraction and evaporation but is often considered most preferable for [[#Freeze Precipitation|freeze precipitation]].

==== Polar Solvents ====

[[Acetone]]
[[MEK]]
[[IPA]]

{{:Freeze Precipitation}}

{{:Manual Crystallization}}

=== Salting ===

Salting is the process by which freebase DMT is reacted with an acid to create a salt form which is generally water-soluble. The natural form of DMT in botanical sources tends to be a salt-form, thus facilitating the simple aqueous extraction used to prepare DMT-containing brews. It is quite common to perform aqueous acid extractions from the material, however—whether for the purposes of a brew or for A/B extraction. The salt-form itself rarely lends itself to proper crystallization and usually can only be isolated as an oil unless very specific methods and materials are employed.

==== The Use of Fumaric Acid ====

Few salt-forms of DMT facilitate crystallization, but DMT fumarate currently stands alone as a solid crystalline salt-form of DMT.

{{:The FASA Method}}
{{:The FASW Method}}
{{:The FASIPA Method}}

==== Discussion of Other Salt-Forms ====

==== Further Elaboration and Technical Support ====

: [http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=23 Subforum on the Topic of Salting]

=='''Purification'''==

[[Image:Dmt crystal.jpg|thumb]]

The purification of DMT product has several purposes and is accomplished by several different methods, but all of them essentially involve the washing of product in some way or another. Purification either involves the isolation of product from unwanted impurities from the plant source or from the process of extraction, or it involves the isolation of product from active impurities which may or may not be collected after isolation.

==='''Recrystallization'''===

The general purpose of recrystallization is to crystallize the product in a fresh solvent after it has already been isolated from the extraction solvent, likely containing a considerable amount of impurities. In this technique, an impure solid compound is dissolved in a solvent and then allowed to slowly crystallize out as the solution cools. Often this process results in more well-formed crystals with less discoloration. The advantage of this method of purification is that the solvent choice for recrystallization may be different and more suitable than that chosen for extraction. Crystallization of a solid relies on slow, selective formation of the crystal lattice and is quite different from precipitation. In freeze precipitation, there is a rapid formation of a solid from a solution that causes impurities to be trapped within the solid's crystal framework. For this reason, extractions that rely on precipitation or evaporation to produce a solid product always include a final recrystallization step to give the pure compound.

The process of recrystallization relies on the property that for most compounds, as the temperature of a solvent increases, the solubility of the compound in that solvent also increases. For example, much more sugar can be dissolved in very hot water (just below boiling) than in water at room temperature. Inversely, if a hot saturated solution of sugar and water is allowed to cool, sugar will begin to crystallize out of solution as solubility decreases. Recrystallization will give your product a more sharply defined, uniform melting point and in the case of DMT allow for hard non-waxy crystals.

{{materials_list
|
* '''Freebase DMT'''
|
* '''Heptane'''
|
* '''Activated Charcoal (eg. Norit)'''
|
* '''Filter papers, Beakers, Waterbath, Pipette '''}}
{{materials_list
|
* '''Freebase DMT'''
|
* '''Heptane'''
|
* '''Activated Charcoal (eg. Norit)'''
|
* '''Filter papers, Beakers, Waterbath, Pipette '''}}
==== Process of Recrystallization ====

1. ''Find a suitable solvent for the recrystallization;''

2. ''Dissolve the impure solid in a minimum volume of hot solvent;''

3. ''Remove any insoluble impurities by filtration;''

4. ''Slowly cool the hot solution to crystallize the desired compound from the solution.''

==== Finding a suitable solvent ====
The first consideration in purifying a solid by recrystallization is to find a suitable solvent. A good recrystallization solvent should fit the following criteria:

1. The compound should be very soluble at the boiling point of the solvent and only sparingly soluble in the solvent at room temperature.

2. The unwanted impurities should be insoluble in the hot solvent.

A good recrystallization solvent for DMT is [[heptane]]. DMT is not very soluble in it at room temperature but quite soluble as we add heat. Most common spice impurities, however, are not very soluble in it at all and can thus be separated via simple decanting.

==== Dissolve solid into hot solvent ====
Prepare a waterbath and heat the DMT and the heptane in their own beakers until the DMT begins to melt. Add heated solvent dropwise into the beaker containing the extract. The heptane will go cloudy almost immediately and take on a yellow color as the DMT goes into solution. Keep adding heated solvent until further addition or agitation causes no more DMT to dissolve.

Your beaker should now contain yellowish-tinged heptane with an orange-brown blob of oil and undissolved solids at the bottom of the vessel. Carefully decant the solution into another beaker, careful to leave the impurities behind. Repeat dropwise addition of heated solvent and decantation to ensure no DMT is left behind.

==== Decolorize with carbon ====
Now that we have dealt with insoluble impurities, our solution is see-through but tinged yellow. This discoloration is due to the presence of high-molecular-weight reaction by-products which may have been formed during the extraction process. A simple wash with activated carbon will get rid of decolorizing compounds. (Activated carbon is extremely efficient at absorbing impurities due to its large surface area.)

1. Add excess solvent and activated carbon, and boil the solution for a few minutes. The colored impurities will adsorb onto the surface of activated charcoal.

2. Remove the charcoal with absorbed impurities by filtration. Your solvent should now be almost clear. If the yellow color persists, repeat the charcoal wash carefully.

'''Note: Very little activated carbon is needed to remove the colored impurities from a solution. You must be careful in your use of decolorizing carbon: if too much is used, it can adsorb the desired compound from the solution as well as the colored impurities.'''

==== Crystallization ====
After the solution has been filtered cover the flask containing the hot filtrate and set it aside undisturbed to cool slowly to room temperature. As the solution cools, the solubility of the dissolved compound will decrease and the solid will begin to crystallize from the solution. Once the solution reaches room temperature, move it into the refridgerator, and finally into the freezer to freeze precipitate most of the DMT.

''' ''The slower your solution cools, the cleaner and larger your crystals will be.'' '''

==== Further Reading ====

[http://www.wikihow.com/Crystallize-Organic-Compounds How to Crystallize Organic Compounds - WikiHow]

[http://loinen.i2p.to/rhodium/chemistry/equipment/recrystallization.html Recrystallization Technique - Rhodium]
[[Category:Enhancement Tek]]
[[Category:Harm reduction]]

{{:Washing Spice}}

==='''Freebase Conversion from Salt'''===

The methods used for converting crystalline salt-form DMT into freebase are not dissimilar from those used in extraction. The only significant difference between the processes is that the conversion involves far fewer impurities and less material than the extraction. Because of of this and the fact that it involves the isolation of the product from an acid, the conversion acts as a sort of purification method.

{{:Drytek Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

{{:Crystalline Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

{{:Nontoxic Freebase Spice Conversion}}

{{:STB Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====

: [[:Category:Conversion Tek|Directory of Conversion Teks]]
: [http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=23 Forum on the Topic of FASA]

=='''Administration'''==

{{:Leaf Enhancement}}

==='''Vaporization'''===

The vaporization method of administration pertains to the use of pure freebase product with no additional material. This method generally makes use of heating an apparatus that is intended to distribute the heat to the product until it reaches the point of vaporization and can be inhaled.

====='''Glass-Pipe Vaporizers'''=====

Glass-pipe vaporizers are glass pieces that are meant to be heated directly in order to indirectly disperse that heat into the product. The glass used must be thin enough for the heat to pass through its structure and potentially distribute the heat evenly. The piece must have a chamber within which the product will undergo vaporization. It must be assembled in a manner that will allow for air intake and output: The output being the inhalation nozzle, and the input being a sort of carb.

{{procedure
|the Improvisation of a Glass Pipe Vaporizer
|
}}

{{:The Machine}}

====='''Effective Use and Maintenance'''=====

As the term indicates, vaporizers are intended to vaporize, not to burn product, as such, the product should never come into contact with the flame or be overly heated to the point of burning. Generally, a vacuum must be generated in order to direct the heat through the product and to direct the vapor into the chamber. Which should not be allowed to sit for too long, as it may begin to precipitate within the chamber. Every toke should be held in the lungs as long as necessary for the vapor to be completely absorbed, as no vapor should be exhaled.

Heat-Source:
: Though many prefer a butane torch for expedient heating, and though many manners of vaporizer demand its use, a standard lighter will produce adequate heat for vaporization. A standard lighter is generally ideal for vaporizers that generate a strong enough vacuum to pull the flame toward the heat sink.

Common Methods of Inhalation:
* Some prefer to vaporize their entire dose before inhaling so as to administer one strong toke. This method can be quite harsh and difficult on the lungs and throat and may induce coughing. However, this is reportedly the most intense method of administration, almost always inducing a "breakthrough" if held in the lungs for adequate absorption.
* Others prefer to administer one dose within multiple tokes, which is reportedly slightly longer-lasting and much easier on the lungs and throat though possibly less intense. Usually the amount of tokes taken depends on the intended depth of the experience. In many cases, three is found to be more than adequate and four is said to be a "breakthrough" dose. Any subsequent tokes to the first toke must occur within the first minute, due to both tolerance and lack of motor skills building up rapidly

Cleaning the Apparatus:
* The apparatus used for vaporization can be cleaned using the same solvents used for extraction. However, volatility and toxicity concerns should be a strong consideration in choosing the proper solvent.
* It is preferable to choose a solvent that evaporates quickly and cleanly and able to dissolve a broad range of products, as oxidization is likely to have occurred.
* Residual solvent residue may be hazardous, as the user may inhale harmful fumes or potentially ignite the solvent.

: The residual product dissolved by the cleaning solvent may be salvaged by appropriate methods of crystallization. However, it is likely to contain a variety of inactive constituents, so proper purification measures would be advisable.

====='''Concerns Regarding the Experience'''=====

* The primary effects of smoked DMT, induced within minutes of administration, last for about 5-10 minutes and are characterized by strong visual hallucination, a strong psychedelic quality, and minor auditory hallucination, while the secondary effects of a much more mild character may last for up to an hour.
* Tolerance is reportedly induced rapidly and often dissipates rapidly, though repeated or high doses may induce a slightly longer term tolerance. Some believe it is best to wait at least one hour between doses.
* The experience of smoking DMT is said to be quite overwhelming. It is often necessary for the user to have a "sitter" nearby to tend to the smoking apparatus so as to not risk the possibility of the user damaging it or accidentally inflicting burns. It can also be temporarily debilitating, so the user may be advised to refrain from any physical activity.
* Set and setting are of the utmost importance, as the user is often rendered temporarily vulnerable and emotionally fragile. The user must determine the appropriate conditions in which administration is to take place but is advised to initially seek out a setting containing minimal stimuli.
* It may also behoove the user to seek out a more experienced sitter for guidance and support. Often this is unavailable, and as such, it would be more advisable for the user to perform the rite in solitude. An inexperienced sitter may inadvertently induce anxiety in the user out of negligence or unnecessary concern.

====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====

: [http://forums.mycotopia.net/attachments/botanicals-cactus-misc-entheogens-psychedelics/67822d1195320961-dmt-pipe-83484machine.jpg "The Machine" Article from The Entheogen Review]

==='''Potentiation'''===

: The effects of DMT, as with most psychedelic substances, can be lengthened, strengthened, altered, or otherwise potentiated through the use of various psychoactive or bioactive compounds. The potentiation of DMT is actually the oldest method of administration, as its necessarily potentiated oral administration serves as the compound's longest known history of use. DMT is generally considered to be orally inactive without some form of potentiation, such as a harmaloid preparation. DMT's potentiation is not limited to oral use, however, as many of the same potentiating agents may be used in conjunction with vaporized or otherwise administered DMT.

{{:Harmaloids}}

{{:Jungle Spice}}

====='''Further Potentiation'''=====

=='''Appendices'''==

==='''Storage Concerns'''===
: DMT should be stored in a cool and dry place, preferably in a sealed container.

{{:DMT N-Oxide}}

=== Analogues ===

{{:5-MeO-DMT}}

{{:Bufotenin}}

=== References ===

{{Page Footer|The Nexian DMT Handbook|DMT}}

The Nexian DMT Handbook

2012-06-25T03:43:33Z

Zakara: /* Process of Recrystallization */

{{ShowInfo|[[Image:Exclamation.png]]||This handbook propounds to illuminate all manner of DMT practice for informational purposes and for implementation '''only where it is legal to do so'''. That being said, DMT's production and use should not be condoned or endorsed where it is illegal to do so. Even where it is legal to do so, the operator must proceed with caution and in adherence to local laws, as '''many of the chemicals required for production can be hazardous to health or otherwise dangerous.'''}}

{{ShowInfo|[[Image:Note_error.png]]|'''Note:'''|This page is a work in progress -- its content throughout is not yet complete.}}

The production and use of '''[[DMT]] (N,N-Dimethyltryptamine)''', otherwise known as '''"[[Spice]]"''', is a practice that resonates strongly with the complementary qualities of ancient shamanic and alchemical spiritual practice as well as contemporary DIY (Do It Yourself) ethic. The production of spice is a discipline unlike that of most other commonly manufactured drugs, as it is not as well suited for bulk-production nor production for the purpose of sale as most well-known and intensively manufactured substances. As such, its use is generally inseparable from its production in practice and in spirit.

The production of DMT most commonly entails its extraction from botanical sources and only very rarely entails its synthesis. In this way, its production still strongly resembles its more ancient preparations by manner of brewing, a simple form of aqueous extraction still commonly performed to this day. This is the simplest and most readily administered form of extract if used as a component of a harmaloid-based preparation or -huasca brew.

----

Please take the time to seek further elaboration at the following resources:
: [http://www.dmt-nexus.me/ The DMT-Nexus]
: [http://deoxy.org/dmt.htm deoxy.org/dmt]
: [http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/ Erowid's DMT Vault]
: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyltryptamine Wikipedia's Article on DMT]

=='''Source Selection'''==
[[Image:DMT.png|thumb]]
DMT, its analogues, and other related alkaloids can be found in a wide variety of lifeforms, varying from trace amounts to considerable amounts. It is impossible, therefore, to include all of the sources from which DMT can be extracted, so the following discussion will focus primarily on the most commonly used and significant botanical sources.

==='''Botanical Considerations'''===

Several species of plants contain a variety of constituents apart from DMT. This consideration is of the utmost importance when selecting the source plant from which an extraction is to be performed, as it may become the determining factor in the material requirements of the extraction process. Some plants may even contain toxic alkaloids, so thorough research must be conducted prior to selection, extraction, and administration.

====='''Common Botanical Sources'''=====

{{:Mimosa hostilis}}

{{:Diplopterys cabrerana}}

{{:Psychotria viridis}}

See also:
:[[DMT Containing Plants]]
:[http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1123 Plants that Contain DMT forum topic]

====='''Methods of Refinery'''=====

Before extracting alkaloids from the variety of plants named above, one generally needs to clean and prepare the plant source, to include washing, pulverization, or any other necessary pre-treatment. Oftentimes, plants obtained through vendors have been prepared to some extent, and only require some degree of pulverization unless obtained in pre-powdered form. Pulverization is generally achieved by use of a household coffee grinder or a blender, though some materials must be prepared for pulverization by hand or any other method to avoid damaging the grinder. The process can be quite messy and painstaking, depending on the material an methods used.

====='''Defatting Concerns'''=====

Depending on the extraction methods used, foliage will require a defatting phase in order to better facilitate a proper extraction. This generally reguires that the material undergo extraction by acidic water prior to defatting. The product will be rendered water soluble and will remain in an aqueous phase as the solution is washed with an [[NPS]] to remove fats and oils.

==='''Vendor Considerations'''===

Though none of the plants containing DMT are illegal, the alkaloids contained within generally are. Vendors generally must take it upon themselves not to advertise the illicit contents of their products, otherwise risking putting themselves and their customers in jeopardy. Ordering these botanicals from across borders into countries where their contents are considered illegal is ill-advised but not necessarily risky, especially not if intended for legitimate use. Always be sure to research the reputation of a vendor prior to purchase, as the potentially taboo nature of their products may inspire unethical business practice, such as unreliable delivery or poor product quality; though such cases are not necessarily specifically limited specifically to these sorts of vendors, of course.

:[http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=39 Suppliers Forum Topic]

==='''Considerations Regarding Cultivation'''===

Again, as these plants are usually not illegal, neither is their cultivation. Often these plants are only native to very specific regions, thus requiring very specific growing conditions, but many can be successfully cultivated indoors or seasonally outside of their native regions. Cultivation for the expressed or deduced purpose of refinery, use or sale of an illicit substance can result in harsh legal consequences, however.

:[http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=38 The Ethnobotanical Garden Forum Topic]

=='''Extraction'''==

[[Image:800px-Dimethyltryptamine-3d-sticks.png|thumb]]

Extraction generally refers to the process of isolating a product from a source. The basic idea is to utilize the unique properties of the product—whether reactive, electromagnetic, or otherwise structural—to draw it out of the source and into a target solvent. To accomplish this the product must either be naturally soluble in the solvent or must undergo reaction to increase its solubility. The difference between a high and low yield is firstly determined by how much more soluble the product is in the target solvent, than in its source material or solution, and secondly by how thoroughly the target solvent is mechanically brought into contact with the target solvent; this is generally determined by a combination of the droplet size and dispersion of a solvent and/or the surface area exposure and structural consistency of the source material.

See also:
:[http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1085 DMT Extraction Overview]

{{:Straight-To-Base Extraction}}

{{:Acid/Base Extraction}}

{{:Dry Technique Extraction}}

{{:Limtek Extraction}}

=='''Crystallization'''==

[[Image:Dmtx400tt9.jpg|thumb]]

Crystallization is the process by which a product is isolated from a solvent. This is accomplished by either allowing the solvent to completely evaporate or by causing a precipitation to occur within the solvent, which can then be isolated from the solvent by several methods and then dried of any residual solvent.

=== Evaporation and Slow Precipitation ===

In extraction, evaporation is the process by which a solvent disperses from its liquid form into the air as a vapor and a gas. When this occurs, the less volatile constituents of the solvent solution are left behind, and as such, it is a common method of isolating solutes from solvent. Typically, a solvent is evaporated in a shallow dish in order to maximize surface area exposure, often with mild heat and airflow applied to hasten the process; however, minimizing surface area and airflow and eliminating heat are often found to improve the quality of precipitate yielded by process of slow precipitation. Many solvents are found to be limited in their ability to crystallize a product by evaporation, yielding a product ranging from oils and "goo," to waxy crystals, to fluffy crystalline powder, to hard crystal shards. These discrepancies in quality of yield are determined by the solvents speed of evaporation, solubility of product in the solvent, or impurities present in the solvent.

Considerations:
* Many common solvents contain impurities which may not be quite as volatile as the pure solvent and may leave these impurities behind as a residue.
* Solvents often emit fumes and odors which may be hazardous to health, flammable, or may alarm those within proximity of the odor.
* Some solvents may require an excessive length of time to evaporate.
* Some solvents may absorb ambient moisture, resulting in a less expedient evaporation.
* Excessive air flow may cause the oxidization of the product.
* Solvent may become Trapped within the crystal structure of the product, resulting in a less solid and less pure product.

==== Full-Range Extracting Solvents ====

[[Xylene]]

[[Toluene]]

[[d-Limonene]]

[[Dichloromethane]]

[[Ethyl Ether]]

[[Chloroform]]

==== Low-Solubility Solvents ====

Theses solvents dissolve a much more narrow range of product and are used to isolate DMT from active and inactive impurities, alike. However, when used for extraction, they are often heated and dissolve a bit more variance in alkaloids, and they may require further purification.

* [[Heptane]] requires much heating to dissolve any significant concentration of product but precipitates product very easily at room temperature or cooler. It is often found in quite pure form, reliably free of additives, and is a choice solvent for recrystallization and slow evaporation and precipitation.
* [[Naphtha]] can require a bit of heating to dissolve a significant concentration of product but precipitates product relatively easily at room temperature or cooler. While never without a wide variety of additives, some brands will evaporate cleanly without leaving a residue. This is a common solvent used for both extraction and evaporation but is often considered most preferable for [[#Freeze Precipitation|freeze precipitation]].

==== Polar Solvents ====

[[Acetone]]
[[MEK]]
[[IPA]]

{{:Freeze Precipitation}}

{{:Manual Crystallization}}

=== Salting ===

Salting is the process by which freebase DMT is reacted with an acid to create a salt form which is generally water-soluble. The natural form of DMT in botanical sources tends to be a salt-form, thus facilitating the simple aqueous extraction used to prepare DMT-containing brews. It is quite common to perform aqueous acid extractions from the material, however—whether for the purposes of a brew or for A/B extraction. The salt-form itself rarely lends itself to proper crystallization and usually can only be isolated as an oil unless very specific methods and materials are employed.

==== The Use of Fumaric Acid ====

Few salt-forms of DMT facilitate crystallization, but DMT fumarate currently stands alone as a solid crystalline salt-form of DMT.

{{:The FASA Method}}
{{:The FASW Method}}
{{:The FASIPA Method}}

==== Discussion of Other Salt-Forms ====

==== Further Elaboration and Technical Support ====

: [http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=23 Subforum on the Topic of Salting]

=='''Purification'''==

[[Image:Dmt crystal.jpg|thumb]]

The purification of DMT product has several purposes and is accomplished by several different methods, but all of them essentially involve the washing of product in some way or another. Purification either involves the isolation of product from unwanted impurities from the plant source or from the process of extraction, or it involves the isolation of product from active impurities which may or may not be collected after isolation.

==='''Recrystallization'''===

The general purpose of recrystallization is to crystallize the product in a fresh solvent after it has already been isolated from the extraction solvent, likely containing a considerable amount of impurities. In this technique, an impure solid compound is dissolved in a solvent and then allowed to slowly crystallize out as the solution cools. Often this process results in more well-formed crystals with less discoloration. The advantage of this method of purification is that the solvent choice for recrystallization may be different and more suitable than that chosen for extraction. Crystallization of a solid relies on slow, selective formation of the crystal lattice and is quite different from precipitation. In freeze precipitation, there is a rapid formation of a solid from a solution that causes impurities to be trapped within the solid's crystal framework. For this reason, extractions that rely on precipitation or evaporation to produce a solid product always include a final recrystallization step to give the pure compound.

The process of recrystallization relies on the property that for most compounds, as the temperature of a solvent increases, the solubility of the compound in that solvent also increases. For example, much more sugar can be dissolved in very hot water (just below boiling) than in water at room temperature. Inversely, if a hot saturated solution of sugar and water is allowed to cool, sugar will begin to crystallize out of solution as solubility decreases. Recrystallization will give your product a more sharply defined, uniform melting point and in the case of DMT allow for hard non-waxy crystals.

{{materials_list
|
* '''Freebase DMT'''
|
* '''Heptane'''
|
* '''Activated Charcoal (eg. Norit)'''
|
* '''Filter papers, Beakers, Waterbath, Pipette '''}}
==== Process of Recrystallization ====

1. ''Find a suitable solvent for the recrystallization;''

2. ''Dissolve the impure solid in a minimum volume of hot solvent;''

3. ''Remove any insoluble impurities by filtration;''

4. ''Slowly cool the hot solution to crystallize the desired compound from the solution.''

==== Finding a suitable solvent ====
The first consideration in purifying a solid by recrystallization is to find a suitable solvent. A good recrystallization solvent should fit the following criteria:

1. The compound should be very soluble at the boiling point of the solvent and only sparingly soluble in the solvent at room temperature.

2. The unwanted impurities should be insoluble in the hot solvent.

A good recrystallization solvent for DMT is [[heptane]]. DMT is not very soluble in it at room temperature but quite soluble as we add heat. Most common spice impurities, however, are not very soluble in it at all and can thus be separated via simple decanting.

==== Dissolve solid into hot solvent ====
Prepare a waterbath and heat the DMT and the heptane in their own beakers until the DMT begins to melt. Add heated solvent dropwise into the beaker containing the extract. The heptane will go cloudy almost immediately and take on a yellow color as the DMT goes into solution. Keep adding heated solvent until further addition or agitation causes no more DMT to dissolve.

Your beaker should now contain yellowish-tinged heptane with an orange-brown blob of oil and undissolved solids at the bottom of the vessel. Carefully decant the solution into another beaker, careful to leave the impurities behind. Repeat dropwise addition of heated solvent and decantation to ensure no DMT is left behind.

==== Decolorize with carbon ====
Now that we have dealt with insoluble impurities, our solution is see-through but tinged yellow. This discoloration is due to the presence of high-molecular-weight reaction by-products which may have been formed during the extraction process. A simple wash with activated carbon will get rid of decolorizing compounds. (Activated carbon is extremely efficient at absorbing impurities due to its large surface area.)

1. Add excess solvent and activated carbon, and boil the solution for a few minutes. The colored impurities will adsorb onto the surface of activated charcoal.

2. Remove the charcoal with absorbed impurities by filtration. Your solvent should now be almost clear. If the yellow color persists, repeat the charcoal wash carefully.

'''Note: Very little activated carbon is needed to remove the colored impurities from a solution. You must be careful in your use of decolorizing carbon: if too much is used, it can adsorb the desired compound from the solution as well as the colored impurities.'''

==== Crystallization ====
After the solution has been filtered cover the flask containing the hot filtrate and set it aside undisturbed to cool slowly to room temperature. As the solution cools, the solubility of the dissolved compound will decrease and the solid will begin to crystallize from the solution. Once the solution reaches room temperature, move it into the refridgerator, and finally into the freezer to freeze precipitate most of the DMT.

''' ''The slower your solution cools, the cleaner and larger your crystals will be.'' '''

==== Further Reading ====

[http://www.wikihow.com/Crystallize-Organic-Compounds How to Crystallize Organic Compounds - WikiHow]

[http://loinen.i2p.to/rhodium/chemistry/equipment/recrystallization.html Recrystallization Technique - Rhodium]
[[Category:Enhancement Tek]]
[[Category:Harm reduction]]

{{:Washing Spice}}

==='''Freebase Conversion from Salt'''===

The methods used for converting crystalline salt-form DMT into freebase are not dissimilar from those used in extraction. The only significant difference between the processes is that the conversion involves far fewer impurities and less material than the extraction. Because of of this and the fact that it involves the isolation of the product from an acid, the conversion acts as a sort of purification method.

{{:Drytek Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

{{:Crystalline Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

{{:Nontoxic Freebase Spice Conversion}}

{{:STB Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====

: [[:Category:Conversion Tek|Directory of Conversion Teks]]
: [http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=23 Forum on the Topic of FASA]

=='''Administration'''==

{{:Leaf Enhancement}}

==='''Vaporization'''===

The vaporization method of administration pertains to the use of pure freebase product with no additional material. This method generally makes use of heating an apparatus that is intended to distribute the heat to the product until it reaches the point of vaporization and can be inhaled.

====='''Glass-Pipe Vaporizers'''=====

Glass-pipe vaporizers are glass pieces that are meant to be heated directly in order to indirectly disperse that heat into the product. The glass used must be thin enough for the heat to pass through its structure and potentially distribute the heat evenly. The piece must have a chamber within which the product will undergo vaporization. It must be assembled in a manner that will allow for air intake and output: The output being the inhalation nozzle, and the input being a sort of carb.

{{procedure
|the Improvisation of a Glass Pipe Vaporizer
|
}}

{{:The Machine}}

====='''Effective Use and Maintenance'''=====

As the term indicates, vaporizers are intended to vaporize, not to burn product, as such, the product should never come into contact with the flame or be overly heated to the point of burning. Generally, a vacuum must be generated in order to direct the heat through the product and to direct the vapor into the chamber. Which should not be allowed to sit for too long, as it may begin to precipitate within the chamber. Every toke should be held in the lungs as long as necessary for the vapor to be completely absorbed, as no vapor should be exhaled.

Heat-Source:
: Though many prefer a butane torch for expedient heating, and though many manners of vaporizer demand its use, a standard lighter will produce adequate heat for vaporization. A standard lighter is generally ideal for vaporizers that generate a strong enough vacuum to pull the flame toward the heat sink.

Common Methods of Inhalation:
* Some prefer to vaporize their entire dose before inhaling so as to administer one strong toke. This method can be quite harsh and difficult on the lungs and throat and may induce coughing. However, this is reportedly the most intense method of administration, almost always inducing a "breakthrough" if held in the lungs for adequate absorption.
* Others prefer to administer one dose within multiple tokes, which is reportedly slightly longer-lasting and much easier on the lungs and throat though possibly less intense. Usually the amount of tokes taken depends on the intended depth of the experience. In many cases, three is found to be more than adequate and four is said to be a "breakthrough" dose. Any subsequent tokes to the first toke must occur within the first minute, due to both tolerance and lack of motor skills building up rapidly

Cleaning the Apparatus:
* The apparatus used for vaporization can be cleaned using the same solvents used for extraction. However, volatility and toxicity concerns should be a strong consideration in choosing the proper solvent.
* It is preferable to choose a solvent that evaporates quickly and cleanly and able to dissolve a broad range of products, as oxidization is likely to have occurred.
* Residual solvent residue may be hazardous, as the user may inhale harmful fumes or potentially ignite the solvent.

: The residual product dissolved by the cleaning solvent may be salvaged by appropriate methods of crystallization. However, it is likely to contain a variety of inactive constituents, so proper purification measures would be advisable.

====='''Concerns Regarding the Experience'''=====

* The primary effects of smoked DMT, induced within minutes of administration, last for about 5-10 minutes and are characterized by strong visual hallucination, a strong psychedelic quality, and minor auditory hallucination, while the secondary effects of a much more mild character may last for up to an hour.
* Tolerance is reportedly induced rapidly and often dissipates rapidly, though repeated or high doses may induce a slightly longer term tolerance. Some believe it is best to wait at least one hour between doses.
* The experience of smoking DMT is said to be quite overwhelming. It is often necessary for the user to have a "sitter" nearby to tend to the smoking apparatus so as to not risk the possibility of the user damaging it or accidentally inflicting burns. It can also be temporarily debilitating, so the user may be advised to refrain from any physical activity.
* Set and setting are of the utmost importance, as the user is often rendered temporarily vulnerable and emotionally fragile. The user must determine the appropriate conditions in which administration is to take place but is advised to initially seek out a setting containing minimal stimuli.
* It may also behoove the user to seek out a more experienced sitter for guidance and support. Often this is unavailable, and as such, it would be more advisable for the user to perform the rite in solitude. An inexperienced sitter may inadvertently induce anxiety in the user out of negligence or unnecessary concern.

====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====

: [http://forums.mycotopia.net/attachments/botanicals-cactus-misc-entheogens-psychedelics/67822d1195320961-dmt-pipe-83484machine.jpg "The Machine" Article from The Entheogen Review]

==='''Potentiation'''===

: The effects of DMT, as with most psychedelic substances, can be lengthened, strengthened, altered, or otherwise potentiated through the use of various psychoactive or bioactive compounds. The potentiation of DMT is actually the oldest method of administration, as its necessarily potentiated oral administration serves as the compound's longest known history of use. DMT is generally considered to be orally inactive without some form of potentiation, such as a harmaloid preparation. DMT's potentiation is not limited to oral use, however, as many of the same potentiating agents may be used in conjunction with vaporized or otherwise administered DMT.

{{:Harmaloids}}

{{:Jungle Spice}}

====='''Further Potentiation'''=====

=='''Appendices'''==

==='''Storage Concerns'''===
: DMT should be stored in a cool and dry place, preferably in a sealed container.

{{:DMT N-Oxide}}

=== Analogues ===

{{:5-MeO-DMT}}

{{:Bufotenin}}

=== References ===

{{Page Footer|The Nexian DMT Handbook|DMT}}

The Nexian DMT Handbook

2012-06-25T03:37:50Z

Zakara: /* Process of Recrystallization */

{{ShowInfo|[[Image:Exclamation.png]]||This handbook propounds to illuminate all manner of DMT practice for informational purposes and for implementation '''only where it is legal to do so'''. That being said, DMT's production and use should not be condoned or endorsed where it is illegal to do so. Even where it is legal to do so, the operator must proceed with caution and in adherence to local laws, as '''many of the chemicals required for production can be hazardous to health or otherwise dangerous.'''}}

{{ShowInfo|[[Image:Note_error.png]]|'''Note:'''|This page is a work in progress -- its content throughout is not yet complete.}}

The production and use of '''[[DMT]] (N,N-Dimethyltryptamine)''', otherwise known as '''"[[Spice]]"''', is a practice that resonates strongly with the complementary qualities of ancient shamanic and alchemical spiritual practice as well as contemporary DIY (Do It Yourself) ethic. The production of spice is a discipline unlike that of most other commonly manufactured drugs, as it is not as well suited for bulk-production nor production for the purpose of sale as most well-known and intensively manufactured substances. As such, its use is generally inseparable from its production in practice and in spirit.

The production of DMT most commonly entails its extraction from botanical sources and only very rarely entails its synthesis. In this way, its production still strongly resembles its more ancient preparations by manner of brewing, a simple form of aqueous extraction still commonly performed to this day. This is the simplest and most readily administered form of extract if used as a component of a harmaloid-based preparation or -huasca brew.

----

Please take the time to seek further elaboration at the following resources:
: [http://www.dmt-nexus.me/ The DMT-Nexus]
: [http://deoxy.org/dmt.htm deoxy.org/dmt]
: [http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dmt/ Erowid's DMT Vault]
: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyltryptamine Wikipedia's Article on DMT]

=='''Source Selection'''==
[[Image:DMT.png|thumb]]
DMT, its analogues, and other related alkaloids can be found in a wide variety of lifeforms, varying from trace amounts to considerable amounts. It is impossible, therefore, to include all of the sources from which DMT can be extracted, so the following discussion will focus primarily on the most commonly used and significant botanical sources.

==='''Botanical Considerations'''===

Several species of plants contain a variety of constituents apart from DMT. This consideration is of the utmost importance when selecting the source plant from which an extraction is to be performed, as it may become the determining factor in the material requirements of the extraction process. Some plants may even contain toxic alkaloids, so thorough research must be conducted prior to selection, extraction, and administration.

====='''Common Botanical Sources'''=====

{{:Mimosa hostilis}}

{{:Diplopterys cabrerana}}

{{:Psychotria viridis}}

See also:
:[[DMT Containing Plants]]
:[http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1123 Plants that Contain DMT forum topic]

====='''Methods of Refinery'''=====

Before extracting alkaloids from the variety of plants named above, one generally needs to clean and prepare the plant source, to include washing, pulverization, or any other necessary pre-treatment. Oftentimes, plants obtained through vendors have been prepared to some extent, and only require some degree of pulverization unless obtained in pre-powdered form. Pulverization is generally achieved by use of a household coffee grinder or a blender, though some materials must be prepared for pulverization by hand or any other method to avoid damaging the grinder. The process can be quite messy and painstaking, depending on the material an methods used.

====='''Defatting Concerns'''=====

Depending on the extraction methods used, foliage will require a defatting phase in order to better facilitate a proper extraction. This generally reguires that the material undergo extraction by acidic water prior to defatting. The product will be rendered water soluble and will remain in an aqueous phase as the solution is washed with an [[NPS]] to remove fats and oils.

==='''Vendor Considerations'''===

Though none of the plants containing DMT are illegal, the alkaloids contained within generally are. Vendors generally must take it upon themselves not to advertise the illicit contents of their products, otherwise risking putting themselves and their customers in jeopardy. Ordering these botanicals from across borders into countries where their contents are considered illegal is ill-advised but not necessarily risky, especially not if intended for legitimate use. Always be sure to research the reputation of a vendor prior to purchase, as the potentially taboo nature of their products may inspire unethical business practice, such as unreliable delivery or poor product quality; though such cases are not necessarily specifically limited specifically to these sorts of vendors, of course.

:[http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=39 Suppliers Forum Topic]

==='''Considerations Regarding Cultivation'''===

Again, as these plants are usually not illegal, neither is their cultivation. Often these plants are only native to very specific regions, thus requiring very specific growing conditions, but many can be successfully cultivated indoors or seasonally outside of their native regions. Cultivation for the expressed or deduced purpose of refinery, use or sale of an illicit substance can result in harsh legal consequences, however.

:[http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=38 The Ethnobotanical Garden Forum Topic]

=='''Extraction'''==

[[Image:800px-Dimethyltryptamine-3d-sticks.png|thumb]]

Extraction generally refers to the process of isolating a product from a source. The basic idea is to utilize the unique properties of the product—whether reactive, electromagnetic, or otherwise structural—to draw it out of the source and into a target solvent. To accomplish this the product must either be naturally soluble in the solvent or must undergo reaction to increase its solubility. The difference between a high and low yield is firstly determined by how much more soluble the product is in the target solvent, than in its source material or solution, and secondly by how thoroughly the target solvent is mechanically brought into contact with the target solvent; this is generally determined by a combination of the droplet size and dispersion of a solvent and/or the surface area exposure and structural consistency of the source material.

See also:
:[http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1085 DMT Extraction Overview]

{{:Straight-To-Base Extraction}}

{{:Acid/Base Extraction}}

{{:Dry Technique Extraction}}

{{:Limtek Extraction}}

=='''Crystallization'''==

[[Image:Dmtx400tt9.jpg|thumb]]

Crystallization is the process by which a product is isolated from a solvent. This is accomplished by either allowing the solvent to completely evaporate or by causing a precipitation to occur within the solvent, which can then be isolated from the solvent by several methods and then dried of any residual solvent.

=== Evaporation and Slow Precipitation ===

In extraction, evaporation is the process by which a solvent disperses from its liquid form into the air as a vapor and a gas. When this occurs, the less volatile constituents of the solvent solution are left behind, and as such, it is a common method of isolating solutes from solvent. Typically, a solvent is evaporated in a shallow dish in order to maximize surface area exposure, often with mild heat and airflow applied to hasten the process; however, minimizing surface area and airflow and eliminating heat are often found to improve the quality of precipitate yielded by process of slow precipitation. Many solvents are found to be limited in their ability to crystallize a product by evaporation, yielding a product ranging from oils and "goo," to waxy crystals, to fluffy crystalline powder, to hard crystal shards. These discrepancies in quality of yield are determined by the solvents speed of evaporation, solubility of product in the solvent, or impurities present in the solvent.

Considerations:
* Many common solvents contain impurities which may not be quite as volatile as the pure solvent and may leave these impurities behind as a residue.
* Solvents often emit fumes and odors which may be hazardous to health, flammable, or may alarm those within proximity of the odor.
* Some solvents may require an excessive length of time to evaporate.
* Some solvents may absorb ambient moisture, resulting in a less expedient evaporation.
* Excessive air flow may cause the oxidization of the product.
* Solvent may become Trapped within the crystal structure of the product, resulting in a less solid and less pure product.

==== Full-Range Extracting Solvents ====

[[Xylene]]

[[Toluene]]

[[d-Limonene]]

[[Dichloromethane]]

[[Ethyl Ether]]

[[Chloroform]]

==== Low-Solubility Solvents ====

Theses solvents dissolve a much more narrow range of product and are used to isolate DMT from active and inactive impurities, alike. However, when used for extraction, they are often heated and dissolve a bit more variance in alkaloids, and they may require further purification.

* [[Heptane]] requires much heating to dissolve any significant concentration of product but precipitates product very easily at room temperature or cooler. It is often found in quite pure form, reliably free of additives, and is a choice solvent for recrystallization and slow evaporation and precipitation.
* [[Naphtha]] can require a bit of heating to dissolve a significant concentration of product but precipitates product relatively easily at room temperature or cooler. While never without a wide variety of additives, some brands will evaporate cleanly without leaving a residue. This is a common solvent used for both extraction and evaporation but is often considered most preferable for [[#Freeze Precipitation|freeze precipitation]].

==== Polar Solvents ====

[[Acetone]]
[[MEK]]
[[IPA]]

{{:Freeze Precipitation}}

{{:Manual Crystallization}}

=== Salting ===

Salting is the process by which freebase DMT is reacted with an acid to create a salt form which is generally water-soluble. The natural form of DMT in botanical sources tends to be a salt-form, thus facilitating the simple aqueous extraction used to prepare DMT-containing brews. It is quite common to perform aqueous acid extractions from the material, however—whether for the purposes of a brew or for A/B extraction. The salt-form itself rarely lends itself to proper crystallization and usually can only be isolated as an oil unless very specific methods and materials are employed.

==== The Use of Fumaric Acid ====

Few salt-forms of DMT facilitate crystallization, but DMT fumarate currently stands alone as a solid crystalline salt-form of DMT.

{{:The FASA Method}}
{{:The FASW Method}}
{{:The FASIPA Method}}

==== Discussion of Other Salt-Forms ====

==== Further Elaboration and Technical Support ====

: [http://dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=23 Subforum on the Topic of Salting]

=='''Purification'''==

[[Image:Dmt crystal.jpg|thumb]]

The purification of DMT product has several purposes and is accomplished by several different methods, but all of them essentially involve the washing of product in some way or another. Purification either involves the isolation of product from unwanted impurities from the plant source or from the process of extraction, or it involves the isolation of product from active impurities which may or may not be collected after isolation.

==='''Recrystallization'''===

The general purpose of recrystallization is to crystallize the product in a fresh solvent after it has already been isolated from the extraction solvent, likely containing a considerable amount of impurities. In this technique, an impure solid compound is dissolved in a solvent and then allowed to slowly crystallize out as the solution cools. Often this process results in more well-formed crystals with less discoloration. The advantage of this method of purification is that the solvent choice for recrystallization may be different and more suitable than that chosen for extraction. Crystallization of a solid relies on slow, selective formation of the crystal lattice and is quite different from precipitation. In freeze precipitation, there is a rapid formation of a solid from a solution that causes impurities to be trapped within the solid's crystal framework. For this reason, extractions that rely on precipitation or evaporation to produce a solid product always include a final recrystallization step to give the pure compound.

The process of recrystallization relies on the property that for most compounds, as the temperature of a solvent increases, the solubility of the compound in that solvent also increases. For example, much more sugar can be dissolved in very hot water (just below boiling) than in water at room temperature. Inversely, if a hot saturated solution of sugar and water is allowed to cool, sugar will begin to crystallize out of solution as solubility decreases. Recrystallization will give your product a more sharply defined, uniform melting point and in the case of DMT allow for hard non-waxy crystals.

==== Process of Recrystallization ====

1. ''Find a suitable solvent for the recrystallization;''

2. ''Dissolve the impure solid in a minimum volume of hot solvent;''
{{materials_list
|
* '''Freebase DMT'''
|
* '''Heptane'''
|
* '''Activated Charcoal (eg. Norit)'''
|
* '''Filter papers, Beakers, Waterbath, Pipette '''}}
3. ''Remove any insoluble impurities by filtration;''

4. ''Slowly cool the hot solution to crystallize the desired compound from the solution.''

==== Finding a suitable solvent ====
The first consideration in purifying a solid by recrystallization is to find a suitable solvent. A good recrystallization solvent should fit the following criteria:

1. The compound should be very soluble at the boiling point of the solvent and only sparingly soluble in the solvent at room temperature.

2. The unwanted impurities should be insoluble in the hot solvent.

A good recrystallization solvent for DMT is [[heptane]]. DMT is not very soluble in it at room temperature but quite soluble as we add heat. Most common spice impurities, however, are not very soluble in it at all and can thus be separated via simple decanting.

==== Dissolve solid into hot solvent ====
Prepare a waterbath and heat the DMT and the heptane in their own beakers until the DMT begins to melt. Add heated solvent dropwise into the beaker containing the extract. The heptane will go cloudy almost immediately and take on a yellow color as the DMT goes into solution. Keep adding heated solvent until further addition or agitation causes no more DMT to dissolve.

Your beaker should now contain yellowish-tinged heptane with an orange-brown blob of oil and undissolved solids at the bottom of the vessel. Carefully decant the solution into another beaker, careful to leave the impurities behind. Repeat dropwise addition of heated solvent and decantation to ensure no DMT is left behind.

==== Decolorize with carbon ====
Now that we have dealt with insoluble impurities, our solution is see-through but tinged yellow. This discoloration is due to the presence of high-molecular-weight reaction by-products which may have been formed during the extraction process. A simple wash with activated carbon will get rid of decolorizing compounds. (Activated carbon is extremely efficient at absorbing impurities due to its large surface area.)

1. Add excess solvent and activated carbon, and boil the solution for a few minutes. The colored impurities will adsorb onto the surface of activated charcoal.

2. Remove the charcoal with absorbed impurities by filtration. Your solvent should now be almost clear. If the yellow color persists, repeat the charcoal wash carefully.

'''Note: Very little activated carbon is needed to remove the colored impurities from a solution. You must be careful in your use of decolorizing carbon: if too much is used, it can adsorb the desired compound from the solution as well as the colored impurities.'''

==== Crystallization ====
After the solution has been filtered cover the flask containing the hot filtrate and set it aside undisturbed to cool slowly to room temperature. As the solution cools, the solubility of the dissolved compound will decrease and the solid will begin to crystallize from the solution. Once the solution reaches room temperature, move it into the refridgerator, and finally into the freezer to freeze precipitate most of the DMT.

''' ''The slower your solution cools, the cleaner and larger your crystals will be.'' '''

==== Further Reading ====

[http://www.wikihow.com/Crystallize-Organic-Compounds How to Crystallize Organic Compounds - WikiHow]

[http://loinen.i2p.to/rhodium/chemistry/equipment/recrystallization.html Recrystallization Technique - Rhodium]
[[Category:Enhancement Tek]]
[[Category:Harm reduction]]

{{:Washing Spice}}

==='''Freebase Conversion from Salt'''===

The methods used for converting crystalline salt-form DMT into freebase are not dissimilar from those used in extraction. The only significant difference between the processes is that the conversion involves far fewer impurities and less material than the extraction. Because of of this and the fact that it involves the isolation of the product from an acid, the conversion acts as a sort of purification method.

{{:Drytek Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

{{:Crystalline Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

{{:Nontoxic Freebase Spice Conversion}}

{{:STB Freebase Conversion of DMT}}

====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====

: [[:Category:Conversion Tek|Directory of Conversion Teks]]
: [http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=topics&f=23 Forum on the Topic of FASA]

=='''Administration'''==

{{:Leaf Enhancement}}

==='''Vaporization'''===

The vaporization method of administration pertains to the use of pure freebase product with no additional material. This method generally makes use of heating an apparatus that is intended to distribute the heat to the product until it reaches the point of vaporization and can be inhaled.

====='''Glass-Pipe Vaporizers'''=====

Glass-pipe vaporizers are glass pieces that are meant to be heated directly in order to indirectly disperse that heat into the product. The glass used must be thin enough for the heat to pass through its structure and potentially distribute the heat evenly. The piece must have a chamber within which the product will undergo vaporization. It must be assembled in a manner that will allow for air intake and output: The output being the inhalation nozzle, and the input being a sort of carb.

{{procedure
|the Improvisation of a Glass Pipe Vaporizer
|
}}

{{:The Machine}}

====='''Effective Use and Maintenance'''=====

As the term indicates, vaporizers are intended to vaporize, not to burn product, as such, the product should never come into contact with the flame or be overly heated to the point of burning. Generally, a vacuum must be generated in order to direct the heat through the product and to direct the vapor into the chamber. Which should not be allowed to sit for too long, as it may begin to precipitate within the chamber. Every toke should be held in the lungs as long as necessary for the vapor to be completely absorbed, as no vapor should be exhaled.

Heat-Source:
: Though many prefer a butane torch for expedient heating, and though many manners of vaporizer demand its use, a standard lighter will produce adequate heat for vaporization. A standard lighter is generally ideal for vaporizers that generate a strong enough vacuum to pull the flame toward the heat sink.

Common Methods of Inhalation:
* Some prefer to vaporize their entire dose before inhaling so as to administer one strong toke. This method can be quite harsh and difficult on the lungs and throat and may induce coughing. However, this is reportedly the most intense method of administration, almost always inducing a "breakthrough" if held in the lungs for adequate absorption.
* Others prefer to administer one dose within multiple tokes, which is reportedly slightly longer-lasting and much easier on the lungs and throat though possibly less intense. Usually the amount of tokes taken depends on the intended depth of the experience. In many cases, three is found to be more than adequate and four is said to be a "breakthrough" dose. Any subsequent tokes to the first toke must occur within the first minute, due to both tolerance and lack of motor skills building up rapidly

Cleaning the Apparatus:
* The apparatus used for vaporization can be cleaned using the same solvents used for extraction. However, volatility and toxicity concerns should be a strong consideration in choosing the proper solvent.
* It is preferable to choose a solvent that evaporates quickly and cleanly and able to dissolve a broad range of products, as oxidization is likely to have occurred.
* Residual solvent residue may be hazardous, as the user may inhale harmful fumes or potentially ignite the solvent.

: The residual product dissolved by the cleaning solvent may be salvaged by appropriate methods of crystallization. However, it is likely to contain a variety of inactive constituents, so proper purification measures would be advisable.

====='''Concerns Regarding the Experience'''=====

* The primary effects of smoked DMT, induced within minutes of administration, last for about 5-10 minutes and are characterized by strong visual hallucination, a strong psychedelic quality, and minor auditory hallucination, while the secondary effects of a much more mild character may last for up to an hour.
* Tolerance is reportedly induced rapidly and often dissipates rapidly, though repeated or high doses may induce a slightly longer term tolerance. Some believe it is best to wait at least one hour between doses.
* The experience of smoking DMT is said to be quite overwhelming. It is often necessary for the user to have a "sitter" nearby to tend to the smoking apparatus so as to not risk the possibility of the user damaging it or accidentally inflicting burns. It can also be temporarily debilitating, so the user may be advised to refrain from any physical activity.
* Set and setting are of the utmost importance, as the user is often rendered temporarily vulnerable and emotionally fragile. The user must determine the appropriate conditions in which administration is to take place but is advised to initially seek out a setting containing minimal stimuli.
* It may also behoove the user to seek out a more experienced sitter for guidance and support. Often this is unavailable, and as such, it would be more advisable for the user to perform the rite in solitude. An inexperienced sitter may inadvertently induce anxiety in the user out of negligence or unnecessary concern.

====='''Further Elaboration and Technical Support'''=====

: [http://forums.mycotopia.net/attachments/botanicals-cactus-misc-entheogens-psychedelics/67822d1195320961-dmt-pipe-83484machine.jpg "The Machine" Article from The Entheogen Review]

==='''Potentiation'''===

: The effects of DMT, as with most psychedelic substances, can be lengthened, strengthened, altered, or otherwise potentiated through the use of various psychoactive or bioactive compounds. The potentiation of DMT is actually the oldest method of administration, as its necessarily potentiated oral administration serves as the compound's longest known history of use. DMT is generally considered to be orally inactive without some form of potentiation, such as a harmaloid preparation. DMT's potentiation is not limited to oral use, however, as many of the same potentiating agents may be used in conjunction with vaporized or otherwise administered DMT.

{{:Harmaloids}}

{{:Jungle Spice}}

====='''Further Potentiation'''=====

=='''Appendices'''==

==='''Storage Concerns'''===
: DMT should be stored in a cool and dry place, preferably in a sealed container.

{{:DMT N-Oxide}}

=== Analogues ===

{{:5-MeO-DMT}}

{{:Bufotenin}}

=== References ===

{{Page Footer|The Nexian DMT Handbook|DMT}}

Alkaloid

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Category:Alkaloid

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Category:Chemical

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[[Category:Science]]

Solvent

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Activated Carbon

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{{:wikipedia:activated carbon}}
[[Category:Purification Tek]]

Freeze precipitation

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Crystallization

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[[Category:Extraction Tek]]

Crystallization

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{{:wikipedia:crystallization}}

[[Category:Extraction Teks]]

Solvents

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Calcium hydride

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{{:wikipedia:calcium hydride}}

[[Category:Desiccant]]

Dimethylsulfoxide

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{{:wikipedia:dimethylsulfoxide}}

[[Category:Aprotic Polar Solvent]]

Acetonitrile

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{{:wikipedia:acetonitrile}}

[[Category:Aprotic Polar Solvent]]

Drying Solvents

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<noinclude>{{Handbook Transclusion Header}}</noinclude>

==='''Removing water from solvents'''===
As a general term, a substance is said to be anhydrous if it contains no water. The way of achieving the anhydrous form differs from one substance to another. That is to say, anhydrous matter is prepared or used as a form with no water, and specifically the form of a chemical without water of crystallization. Organic liquids are considered to be wet if they contain water,but the organic liquid will still be a liquid after it is dried.

The most common drying agents in the laboratory section will be anhydrous salts of [[sodium sulfate]], [[magnesium sulfate]], [[calcium chloride]], etc. They will be sufficient for most purposes because the compounds that you are handling are not extremely moisture sensitive. However, if you use a solvent like absolute [[ethanol]], make sure that you close the bottle that you took it from right away. A lot of the polar solvents are very hygroscopic (=absorb water from the air).

====='''Common solvents with respective drying agents'''=====
1. '''[[Ethers]]''' like ''[[tetrahydrofuran]]'', ''[[ethyl ether]]'' or ''[[dimethoxyethane]]'' are frequently used as solvents. They tend to form peroxides, especially when improperly stored (open bottles and in light). These compounds have a higher boiling point than the ethers themselves and are extremely explosive. If you are in doubt about the quality of the ether that you are about to use, test the solvent with a slightly acidic, aqueous solution of [[potassium iodide]]. If the organic phase turns yellow or brown, the ether contains significant amount of peroxides that must be removed first. [[Tetrahydrofuran]] is much more hygroscopic than the other ethers and should be pre-dried with [[potassium hydroxide]].

The actual drying is done with a mixture of sodium metal and [[benzophenone]]. If the ether is dry and air-free, the solution turns dark blue due to the appearance of the ketyl radical. The radical reacts with water, alcohols and oxygen. Alternatively, LiAlH4 or NaH are used for ethers. In the past, a mixture or potassium and sodium metal was used (K/Na, Na/K), but it can cause explosions because it is extremely reactive and a liquid at room temperature.

2. '''[[Hydrocarbons]]''' like ''[[pentane]]'', ''[[hexane]]'', ''[[cyclohexane]]'', ''[[benzene]]'', ''[[toluene]]'' are another important class of solvents. These solvents are generally not as hygroscopic as ethers, but often contain unsaturated compounds that have to be removed by washing the solvent with concentrated [[sulfuric acid]]. After removing the acid, they can be dried over CaH2 or sodium metal, depending on the quality needed. For most purposes, several hours of reflux, follow by a distillation under inert gas is sufficient. If possible, the use of benzene should be avoided due to its carcinogenic effect.

3. '''[[Halogenated solvents]]''' ''([[Dichloromethane]], [[Chloroform]], [[Carbon tetrachloride]], [[Tetrachloroethylene]], [[Hexachloroethane]])'' can be dried over CaH2 or P4O10 after pretreatment with [[sulfuric acid]]. '''Never attempt to dry halogenated solvents with alkali metals or alkali metal hydrides!''' This will cause violent explosions due to a radical reaction! Whenever possible, these solvents should be replaced with non-halogenated solvents. The combustion of chlorinated solvents generates a high amount of dioxines.

4. '''[[Alcohols]]''' can also be dried with ''CaH2''. There are several special procedures for various alcohols e.g. ''[[ethanol]]'' can be dried with ''sodium metal/phthalic acid diethyl ester.''

5. '''Solvents like''' ''[[acetonitrile]], [[dimethylsulfoxide]] (DMSO) and [[acetone]]'' can be dried with CaH2 and then distilled under inert gas. [[Acetonitrile]] and [[acetone]] can be dried over P4O10 to remove trace amounts of water. In the presence of larger amounts of water, these compounds form condensation products and have to be pre-dried with [[Calcium hydride]]. Other procedures involve the use of anhydrous [[magnesium sulfate]] (dimethyl formamide, DMF). The purified solvents should be stored under an inert atmosphere over molecular sieve.

[[Category:Laboratory Techniques]]
[[Category:solvent]]

Solvents

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Alcohols

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Drying Solvents

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<noinclude>{{Handbook Transclusion Header}}</noinclude>

==='''Removing water from solvents'''===
As a general term, a substance is said to be anhydrous if it contains no water. The way of achieving the anhydrous form differs from one substance to another. That is to say, anhydrous matter is prepared or used as a form with no water, and specifically the form of a chemical without water of crystallization. Organic liquids are considered to be wet if they contain water,but the organic liquid will still be a liquid after it is dried.

The most common drying agents in the laboratory section will be anhydrous salts of [[sodium sulfate]], [[magnesium sulfate]], [[calcium chloride]], etc. They will be sufficient for most purposes because the compounds that you are handling are not extremely moisture sensitive. However, if you use a solvent like absolute [[ethanol]], make sure that you close the bottle that you took it from right away. A lot of the polar solvents are very hygroscopic (=absorb water from the air).

====='''Common solvents with respective drying agents'''=====
1. '''[[Ethers]]''' like ''[[tetrahydrofuran]]'', ''[[ethyl ether]]'' or ''[[dimethoxyethane]]'' are frequently used as solvents. They tend to form peroxides, especially when improperly stored (open bottles and in light). These compounds have a higher boiling point than the ethers themselves and are extremely explosive. If you are in doubt about the quality of the ether that you are about to use, test the solvent with a slightly acidic, aqueous solution of [[potassium iodide]]. If the organic phase turns yellow or brown, the ether contains significant amount of peroxides that must be removed first. [[Tetrahydrofuran]] is much more hygroscopic than the other ethers and should be pre-dried with [[potassium hydroxide]].

The actual drying is done with a mixture of sodium metal and [[benzophenone]]. If the ether is dry and air-free, the solution turns dark blue due to the appearance of the ketyl radical. The radical reacts with water, alcohols and oxygen. Alternatively, LiAlH4 or NaH are used for ethers. In the past, a mixture or potassium and sodium metal was used (K/Na, Na/K), but it can cause explosions because it is extremely reactive and a liquid at room temperature.

2. '''[[Hydrocarbons]]''' like ''[[pentane]]'', ''[[hexane]]'', ''[[cyclohexane]]'', ''[[benzene]]'', ''[[toluene]]'' are another important class of solvents. These solvents are generally not as hygroscopic as ethers, but often contain unsaturated compounds that have to be removed by washing the solvent with concentrated [[sulfuric acid]]. After removing the acid, they can be dried over CaH2 or sodium metal, depending on the quality needed. For most purposes, several hours of reflux, follow by a distillation under inert gas is sufficient. If possible, the use of benzene should be avoided due to its carcinogenic effect.

3. '''[[Halogenated solvents]]''' ''([[Dichloromethane]], [[Chloroform]], [[Carbon tetrachloride]], [[Tetrachloroethylene]], [[Hexachloroethane]])'' can be dried over CaH2 or P4O10 after pretreatment with [[sulfuric acid]]. '''Never attempt to dry halogenated solvents with alkali metals or alkali metal hydrides!''' This will cause violent explosions due to a radical reaction! Whenever possible, these solvents should be replaced with non-halogenated solvents. The combustion of chlorinated solvents generates a high amount of dioxines.

4. '''[[Alcohols]]''' can also be dried with ''CaH2''. There are several special procedures for various alcohols e.g. ''[[ethanol]]'' can be dried with ''sodium metal/phthalic acid diethyl ester.''

5. '''[[Solvents]] like''' ''[[acetonitrile]], [[dimethylsulfoxide]] (DMSO) and [[acetone]]'' can be dried with CaH2 and then distilled under inert gas. [[Acetonitrile]] and [[acetone]] can be dried over P4O10 to remove trace amounts of water. In the presence of larger amounts of water, these compounds form condensation products and have to be pre-dried with [[Calcium hydride]]. Other procedures involve the use of anhydrous [[magnesium sulfate]] (dimethyl formamide, DMF). The purified solvents should be stored under an inert atmosphere over molecular sieve.

[[Category:Laboratory Techniques]]
[[Category:solvent]]

Hexachloroethane

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{{:wikipedia:hexachloroethane}}
[[Category:Non-Polar Solvent]]

Tetrachloroethylene

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{{:wikipedia:Tetrachloroethylene}}
[[Category:Non-Polar Solvent]]

Carbon tetrachloride

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{{:wikipedia:Carbon tetrachloride}}
[[Category:Non-Polar Solvent]]

CH2Cl2

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Halogenated solvents

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[[Category:Solvent]]

Halogenated solvents

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{{:wikipedia:Halogenated solvents}}

[[Category:Non-Polar Solvent]]

Drying Solvents

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Zakara:

<noinclude>{{Handbook Transclusion Header}}</noinclude>

==='''Removing water from solvents'''===
As a general term, a substance is said to be anhydrous if it contains no water. The way of achieving the anhydrous form differs from one substance to another. That is to say, anhydrous matter is prepared or used as a form with no water, and specifically the form of a chemical without water of crystallization. Organic liquids are considered to be wet if they contain water,but the organic liquid will still be a liquid after it is dried.

The most common drying agents in the laboratory section will be anhydrous salts of [[sodium sulfate]], [[magnesium sulfate]], [[calcium chloride]], etc. They will be sufficient for most purposes because the compounds that you are handling are not extremely moisture sensitive. However, if you use a solvent like absolute [[ethanol]], make sure that you close the bottle that you took it from right away. A lot of the polar solvents are very hygroscopic (=absorb water from the air).

====='''Common solvents with respective drying agents'''=====
1. '''[[Ethers]]''' like ''[[tetrahydrofuran]]'', ''[[ethyl ether]]'' or ''[[dimethoxyethane]]'' are frequently used as solvents. They tend to form peroxides, especially when improperly stored (open bottles and in light). These compounds have a higher boiling point than the ethers themselves and are extremely explosive. If you are in doubt about the quality of the ether that you are about to use, test the solvent with a slightly acidic, aqueous solution of [[potassium iodide]]. If the organic phase turns yellow or brown, the ether contains significant amount of peroxides that must be removed first. [[Tetrahydrofuran]] is much more hygroscopic than the other ethers and should be pre-dried with [[potassium hydroxide]].

The actual drying is done with a mixture of sodium metal and [[benzophenone]]. If the ether is dry and air-free, the solution turns dark blue due to the appearance of the ketyl radical. The radical reacts with water, alcohols and oxygen. Alternatively, LiAlH4 or NaH are used for ethers. In the past, a mixture or potassium and sodium metal was used (K/Na, Na/K), but it can cause explosions because it is extremely reactive and a liquid at room temperature.

2. '''[[Hydrocarbons]]''' like ''[[pentane]]'', ''[[hexane]]'', ''[[cyclohexane]]'', ''[[benzene]]'', ''[[toluene]]'' are another important class of solvents. These solvents are generally not as hygroscopic as ethers, but often contain unsaturated compounds that have to be removed by washing the solvent with concentrated [[sulfuric acid]]. After removing the acid, they can be dried over CaH2 or sodium metal, depending on the quality needed. For most purposes, several hours of reflux, follow by a distillation under inert gas is sufficient. If possible, the use of benzene should be avoided due to its carcinogenic effect.

3. '''[[Halogenated solvents]]''' ''([[CH2Cl2]], [[CHCl3]], [[CCl4]], [[C2Cl4]], [[C2Cl6]])'' can be dried over CaH2 or P4O10 after pretreatment with [[sulfuric acid]]. '''Never attempt to dry halogenated solvents with alkali metals or alkali metal hydrides!''' This will cause violent explosions due to a radical reaction! Whenever possible, these solvents should be replaced with non-halogenated solvents. The combustion of chlorinated solvents generates a high amount of dioxines.

4. '''[[Alcohols]]''' can also be dried with ''CaH2''. There are several special procedures for various alcohols e.g. ''[[ethanol]]'' can be dried with ''sodium metal/phthalic acid diethyl ester.''

5. '''[[Solvents]] like''' ''[[acetonitrile]], [[dimethylsulfoxide]] (DMSO) and [[acetone]]'' can be dried with CaH2 and then distilled under inert gas. [[Acetonitrile]] and [[acetone]] can be dried over P4O10 to remove trace amounts of water. In the presence of larger amounts of water, these compounds form condensation products and have to be pre-dried with [[Calcium hydride]]. Other procedures involve the use of anhydrous [[magnesium sulfate]] (dimethyl formamide, DMF). The purified solvents should be stored under an inert atmosphere over molecular sieve.

[[Category:Laboratory Techniques]]
[[Category:solvent]]

Benzene

2012-06-25T03:08:05Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:benzene}} Category:Non-Polar Solvent"

{{:wikipedia:benzene}}

[[Category:Non-Polar Solvent]]

Cyclohexane

2012-06-25T03:07:30Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:cyclohexane}} Category:Non-Polar Solvent"

{{:wikipedia:cyclohexane}}

[[Category:Non-Polar Solvent]]

Hexane

2012-06-25T03:06:54Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:hexane}} Category:Non-Polar Solvent"

{{:wikipedia:hexane}}

[[Category:Non-Polar Solvent]]

Pentane

2012-06-25T03:06:17Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:Pentane}} Category:Non-Polar Solvent"

{{:wikipedia:Pentane}}

[[Category:Non-Polar Solvent]]

Hydrocarbons

2012-06-25T03:05:30Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:hydrocarbon}} Category:Chemical"

{{:wikipedia:hydrocarbon}}

[[Category:Chemical]]

Benzophenone

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Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:benzophenone}} Category:Desiccant"

{{:wikipedia:benzophenone}}

[[Category:Desiccant]]

Potassium hydroxide

2012-06-25T03:04:20Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:potassium hydroxide}} Category:Desiccant"

{{:wikipedia:potassium hydroxide}}

[[Category:Desiccant]]

Potassium iodide

2012-06-25T03:03:45Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:potassium iodide}} Category:Desiccant"

{{:wikipedia:potassium iodide}}

[[Category:Desiccant]]

Dimethoxyethane

2012-06-25T03:03:08Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:dimethoxyethane}} Category:Non-Polar Solvent"

{{:wikipedia:dimethoxyethane}}

[[Category:Non-Polar Solvent]]

Ethyl ether

2012-06-25T03:01:59Z

Zakara: Redirected page to Ethyl Ether

#REDIRECT [[Ethyl Ether]]

Ethanol

2012-06-25T03:01:14Z

Zakara: Redirected page to Ethyl Alcohol

#REDIRECT [[Ethyl Alcohol]]

Sodium sulfate

2012-06-25T02:59:04Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:Sodium sulfate}} Category:Desiccant"

{{:wikipedia:Sodium sulfate}}

[[Category:Desiccant]]

Magnesium sulfate

2012-06-25T02:58:18Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:Magnesium sulfate}} Category:Desiccant"

{{:wikipedia:Magnesium sulfate}}

[[Category:Desiccant]]

Calcium chloride

2012-06-25T02:56:55Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:Calcium chloride}} Category:Desiccant"

{{:wikipedia:Calcium chloride}}

[[Category:Desiccant]]

Tartaric acid

2012-06-25T02:53:26Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:Tartaric acid}} Category:Acid"

{{:wikipedia:Tartaric acid}}
[[Category:Acid]]

Sulfuric acid

2012-06-25T02:52:30Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:sulfuric acid}} Category:Acid"

{{:wikipedia:sulfuric acid}}

[[Category:Acid]]

Borosilicate

2012-06-25T02:50:33Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:borosilicate}} Category:Material"

{{:wikipedia:borosilicate}}
[[Category:Material]]

Tetrahydrofuran

2012-06-25T02:49:21Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:Tetrahydrofuran}} Category:Non-Polar Solvent"

{{:wikipedia:Tetrahydrofuran}}
[[Category:Non-Polar Solvent]]

DMT oxalate

2012-06-25T02:46:09Z

Zakara: Created page with "Category:Salt-Forms"

[[Category:Salt-Forms]]

Phenethylamine

2012-06-25T02:41:52Z

Zakara:

{{:wikipedia:Phenethylamine}}
[[Category:Alkaloids]]

Phenethylamine

2012-06-25T02:39:43Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:Phenethylamine}} Category:Alkaloid"

{{:wikipedia:Phenethylamine}}
[[Category:Alkaloid]]

Peruvian Torch

2012-06-25T02:36:54Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:Echinopsis peruviana}} Category:Mescaline Category:Botanicals Category:ethnobotanicals"

{{:wikipedia:Echinopsis peruviana}}
[[Category:Mescaline]]
[[Category:Botanicals]]
[[Category:ethnobotanicals]]

San Pedro

2012-06-25T02:36:02Z

Zakara: Created page with "{{:wikipedia:Echinopsis pachanoi}} Category:Mescaline Category:Botanicals Category:ethnobotanicals"

{{:wikipedia:Echinopsis pachanoi}}
[[Category:Mescaline]]
[[Category:Botanicals]]
[[Category:ethnobotanicals]]