DMT-Nexus Wiki - User contributions [en]

File:Ppsychmap.png

2012-07-24T01:01:32Z

Snozzleberry:

File:Pviridismap.png

2012-07-24T00:52:31Z

Snozzleberry:

File:Pdeflexamap.png

2012-07-24T00:52:09Z

Snozzleberry:

File:Pbarbimap.png

2012-07-24T00:51:45Z

Snozzleberry:

File:Pvellomap.png

2012-07-24T00:51:22Z

Snozzleberry:

File:Pcarthmap.png

2012-07-24T00:50:40Z

Snozzleberry:

File:Palbamap.png

2012-07-24T00:50:10Z

Snozzleberry:

File:Albamap.gif

2012-07-24T00:10:21Z

Snozzleberry: uploaded a new version of "File:Albamap.gif"

map of P. alba

File:Albamap.gif

2012-07-24T00:08:36Z

Snozzleberry: map of P. alba

map of P. alba

Main Page

2012-07-06T16:18:53Z

Snozzleberry:

__NOTOC__
<br />{{Main Page/Header|'''Welcome to'''|''' the DMT-Nexus Wiki'''|
This is a DMT-Nexus wide collaboration to provide information about [[DMT]] and other entheogens. This collaboration is open-ended, all-inclusive and open to revisions.

The focus of this information should be about DMT with some reference to its [[:Category:Allies and Associated Alkaloids|allies]].
|[[Image:DMTNexusLogoSmall.jpg|right]]
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{{Main Page/Portal|[[Image:Information.png]]|'''Important'''|
<table>
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<td>
* '''[[FAQ]]'''<br />DMT Frequently Asked Questions and Troubleshooting Guide.

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* '''[[DMT-Nexus_Wiki:Health_and_Safety|Health and Safety]]'''<br />Health and Safety guide for DMT/Ayahuasca.
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* '''[[Known substance-interactions and their effects]]'''<br />Article about the interactions and effects of mixing entheogens, both with each other and with medicine.
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* '''[[Attitude Page]]'''<br />Community guidelines and basic principles.
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<table cellspacing="0" style="border:0px;>
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{{Main Page/Portal|[[Image:Information.png]]|'''[[:Category:Science|Science]]'''|
* [[:Category:Extraction Tek|Extraction teks]]
* [[:Category:Substance analysis|Substance analysis]]
* [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties]
* [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Analogues_Table Analogues and structures table]
* [[Ingestion Methods]]
* [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Category:Conversion_Tek Conversion teks]
(''[[:Category:Science|More]]'')
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<td>   </td>
<td style="vertical-align:top">
{{Main Page/Portal|[[Image:Information.png]]|'''[[:Category:Alkaloids|Alkaloids]]'''|
* [[DMT]]
* [[Psilocin and Psilocybin]] (4-HO-DMT & 4-PO-DMT)
* [[Bufotenin]] (5-HO-DMT)
* [[5-MeO-DMT]]
* [[Mescaline]]
(''[[:Category:Alkaloids|More]]'')
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<td style="vertical-align:top">
{{Main Page/Portal|[[Image:Information.png]]|'''[[:Category:Botanicals|Botanicals]]'''|
* [[Mimosa hostilis]]
* [[Phalaris spp.]]
* [[Banisteriopsis caapi]] (Caapi, Ayahuasca)
* [[Peganum harmala]] (Syrian rue)
* [[Psychotria viridis]] (Chacruna)
* [[Diplopterys cabrerana]] (Chaliponga)
* [[Acacia spp.]]
(''[[:Category:Botanicals|More]]'')
}}
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<td style="vertical-align:top">
{{Main Page/Portal|[[Image:Information.png]]|'''Other projects'''|
* [[Hyperspace lexicon]]
* [[SHE]] (Synchronized Hyperspace Event)
* [[The Coalition for Entheogenic Liberties|CEL]] (Coalition for Entheogenic Liberty)
(''[[:Category:Other projects|More]]'')
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</table><br />

Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties

2011-09-21T14:39:44Z

Snozzleberry:

== Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties ==

=== DMT ===
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine

==== Freebase DMT ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:dmtfreebase.png]]</td><td></table>
* Appearance: White/Transparent crystals
* CAS Registry Number: 61-50-7
* Composition: C12H16N2
* Molecular Weight: 188.26884 g/mol
* Melting point: 44-68°C (Conflicting reports in literature, as mentioned in [http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/browse.php?domain=tk TIHKAL])
* Boiling point:
* XLogP: 2.0
* XLogP3: 2.5 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=6089&loc=ec_rcs PubChem])
* pKa: 8.68 ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
* Stability/Degradation: Oxidation to DMT N-Oxide (yellow oil) in extended presence of oxygen (specialy in evaporation of dmt-containing solvents with heat and/or fan or generally in prolonged exposure to open air). N-oxide may be reverted back to the parent compound by reduction, as described [http://www.anoniem.org/?http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/DMT_N-Oxide_to_Freebase_DMT in the N-Oxide to Freebase Wiki].
* Solubility:
Very Soluble in Xylene, Toluene, Limonene, acetone, IPA, methanol, ethanol, DCM, chloroform, ether, MEK, butanol

Soluble in naphtha, hexane, heptane but almost insoluble in these solvents at freezing temperatures

Almost insoluble in water.

==== DMT N-Oxide ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:dmtnoxide.jpg]]</td><td></table>
* Appearance: Yellow oil
* XLogP3: 2
* Solubility:
Soluble in Xylene, Toluene, Limonene

Slightly soluble in basic water

Insoluble in naphtha

==== DMT Fumarate ====

* Molecular Weight: 492.608 g/mol
* Solubility:
Very soluble in water

Soluble in methanol (~10mg/ml)

Soluble in boiling IPA, Practically insoluble in room temp IPA (~1mg/ml), Insoluble in freeze-cold IPA.

Slightly soluble in ethanol (~5mg/ml)

Insoluble in cold acetone

Insoluble in FASI (Fumaric Acid Saturated IPA)

Insoluble in FASA (Fumaric Acid Saturated Acetone)

===NMT ===
N-Methyltryptamine, monomethyltryptamine

[[File:Nmt.jpg]]
==== Freebase NMT ====

* Appearance: Oil, difficult crystallization, eventually forms crystalline stellar aggregates, darkens with exposure to air ([https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=23544&p=2 Source 1], [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Source 2])
* Composition: C11H14N2
* Molecular Weight: 174.24226 g/mol
* XLogP3: 2.1 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=6088 PubChem])
* Stability/Degradation: Darkens over time, but does not seem to form oxides ([https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=23544&p=2 Source] )
* Solubility:
Soluble in methanol, warm ethanol, dichloromethane & choloroform. Soluble to some extent in naphtha (not nearly as much as DMT). It seemed only partially soluble in warm acetic acid. It is likely soluble in xylene. ([https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=23544&p=2 Source] )
* Pharmacology and activity:
-Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763413 Source])

- 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=269093#post269093 Nen (2001)])
* Further info: [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml TIHKAL NMT entry]
[https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=23544 Entheogenic Effects of NMT]

=== 5-MeO-DMT ===
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine

==== Freebase 5-MeO-DMT ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:5meodmtfreebase.png]]</td><td></table>
* Appearance: Off-white crystals (Sigma Aldrich)
* Composition: C13H18N20
* Molecular Weight: 218.298 g/mol
* Melting Point: 69-70°C ([http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/browse.php?domain=tk TIHKAL])
* XLogP: 1.9
* XLogP3: 1.5 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=1832&loc=ec_rcs PubChem])
* Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids ([http://ch3v1.chemexper.com/cheminfo/servlet/org.dbcreator.MainServlet?sort=&query=msds._msdsID%3D11173&target=msds&action=PowerSearch&from=0&format=ccd&searchValue=j%60qQ%40%40IVAdbfRfTJTYrRj%40Bfjb%40%40%40&history=off&realQuery=structure._structureID%3D4638142&onclick=1&selectionInfo=&searchTemplate=uniqueMol.structureString%3D%3F+elsor+uniqueMol.structureID%3D%3F&options=brandqtyoffer Source])
* Solubility:
Soluble in: (at least) 20mg/ml 96% ethanol ([https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=176401#post176401 Source])
Practically Insoluble in water ([http://ch3v1.chemexper.com/cheminfo/servlet/org.dbcreator.MainServlet?sort=&query=msds._msdsID%3D11173&target=msds&action=PowerSearch&from=0&format=ccd&searchValue=j%60qQ%40%40IVAdbfRfTJTYrRj%40Bfjb%40%40%40&history=off&realQuery=structure._structureID%3D4638142&onclick=1&selectionInfo=&searchTemplate=uniqueMol.structureString%3D%3F+elsor+uniqueMol.structureID%3D%3F&options=brandqtyoffer Source])

==== 5-MeO-DMT Hydrochloride====
* Melting Point: 145-146°C ([http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/browse.php?domain=tk TIHKAL])

=== Bufotenine ===
5-HO-DMT - 5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine

==== Freebase Bufotenine ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:bufoteninefreebase.png]]</td><td></table>
* CAS Registry Number: 487-93-4
* Composition: C12H16N2O
* Molecular Weight: 204.268 g/mol
* Melting point:146–147 °C (295–297 °F)
* Boiling point: 320 °C (608 °F)
* XLogP: 1.6
* XLogP3: 1.2 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
* pKa:
* Solubility:
Acetone @ 20 C: soluble (5 g/100 ml)

Chloroform @ 20 C: soluble

Dichloromethane @ 20 C: soluble

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) @ 20 C: soluble (6 g/100 ml)

D-Limonene (Orange Oil) @ 20 C: insoluble

D-Limonene (Orange Oil) @ 176 C: soluble (more than 1.7 g/100 ml)

Dilute Acids and Alkalis: Soluble ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])

Ethanol @ 20 C: soluble

Ether @ 20 C: soluble

Ethyl acetate @ 20 C: soluble

Heptane @ 20 C: insoluble

Heptane with 40% MEK @ 20 C: soluble (0.53 g/100 ml)

Heptane with 50% MEK @ 20 C: soluble (1.22 g/100 ml)

IPA @ 20 C: soluble

MEK @ 20 C: soluble

Methanol @ 20 C: soluble

Naphtha @ 20 C: insoluble

Water @ 20 C: nearly insoluble in pure water (no acid or alkali added)

Xylene @ 20 C: nearly insoluble (less than 0.03 g/100 ml)

Xylene @ 144 C: soluble (1.5 g/100 ml)

==== Bufotenine Fumarate ====
* Solubility:
Soluble in water

Insoluble in FASA (Fumaric Acid Saturated Acetone)

=== Psilocin ===
4-HO-DMT - 4-Hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine

==== Freebase Psilocin ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:psilocinfreebase.png]]</td><td></table>
* CAS Registry Number: 520-53-6
* Composition: C12H16N2O
* Molecular Weight: 204.27 g/mol
* Melting Point: 103-104°C ([http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/read.php?domain=tk&id=18 TIHKAL]) , 173-176°C (Merck Index)
* XLogP3: 2.1 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
* Stability/Degradation: Unstable in solution, especially alkaline solution (Merck Index).
* Solubility:
Soluble in 70% ethanol. Poorly soluble in dry ethanol, and poorly soluble in ethanol less than 60%. Very slightly soluble in water (sources: [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index] , [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=221711#post221711 scientific publications])

=== Psilocybin ===
4-PO-DMT - O-phosphoryl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine

==== Psilocybin (Psilocin Phosphate Ester) ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:psilocybin.png]]</td><td></table>
* CAS Registry Number: 520-52-5
* Composition: C12H17N2O4P
* Molecular Weight: 284.248141 g/mol
* Melting Point: 220-228° from boiling water; 185-195° from boiling methanol ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
* XLogP3: -1.6 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=10624&loc=ec_rcs PubChem])
* Stability/Degradation: Dephosphorylated into Psilocin under acidic conditions. Also when ingested, by phosphatases enzymes.
* Solubility:
Soluble in water. Soluble in 20 parts boiling water (= 0.79g/ml in boiling water), 120 parts boiling methanol (= 0.0932g/ml in boiling methanol); very soluble in 70% methanol saturated with KNO3, soluble in dry methanol, difficultly soluble in ethanol, increasingly less soluble in methanol less than 80%. Practically insoluble in chloroform, benzene (sources: [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index] , [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=221711#post221711 scientific publications])

=== Mescaline ===
3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine

==== Freebase Mescaline ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:mescalinefreebase.png]]</td><td></table>
* CAS Registry Number: 54-04-6
* Composition: C11H17NO3
* Melting point: 35-36°C (Kindler and Peschke, 103. [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
* Boiling point: 180°C (12 mmHg)
* XLogP: 0.6 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
* XLogP3: 0.7 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=4076&loc=ec_rcs PubChem])
* pKa: 9.56
* Appearance: long needle shaped white crystals
* Molecular weight: 211.26
Notes: forms mescaline carbonate on prolonged exposure to air
* Average dose: 300 to 600 milligrams with a duration of 5 to 12 hours.
* Solubility
Soluble in: alcohol, chloroform, benzene, xylene, toluene, acetone, dichloromethane, highly soluble in isopropyl alcohol, soluble in d-limonene

Moderately soluble in: water

Insoluble in: practically insoluble in ether or petroleum ether
* LD50: i.p. rats 370 mg/kg

==== Mescaline Citrate ====
* Solubility
Soluble in water

Insoluble in: xylene, acetone <nowiki>*</nowiki>

<nowiki>*</nowiki> Possible unreliable web source.

==== Mescaline Hydrochloride ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:mescalinehcl.png]]</td><td></table>
* Molecular weight: 247.72 (Sigma Aldrich)
* Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C11H17NO3 • HCl (Sigma Aldrich)
* CAS Number: 832-92-8
* Appearance: colorless crystals, needles
* Melting point: 184°C ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
* Solubility:
Moderately soluble in: water, alcohol ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index]), methanol (at least 1.0 mg/ml, source Sigma Aldrich solution)
(Merck Index)
Insoluble in: practically insoluble in toluene and acetone, insoluble in isopropyl alcohol, diethyl ether, and d-limonene
* LD50: i.p. rats 132 mg/kg
* Storage temperature: 2-8°C (Sigma Aldrich)
* Isolation: when mescaline hydrochloride is extracted from San Pedro, Achuma, or Peruvian torch, it can be isolated from the other alkaloids by washing it in IPA or acetone (use 10 ml per gram of alkaloids, and wash 2-3 times). The non-mescaline alkaloids dissolve in the IPA or acetate, while the mescaline hydrochloride does not. Note that for the cleanest results use about 2 washes of acetone, and then 2 washes with IPA.

==== Mescaline Picrate ====
* Melting point: mp 222°C.

==== Mescaline Sulfate Dihydrate====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:mescalinesulfate.png]]</td><td></table>
* Composition: (C11H17NO3)2 • H2SO4 • 2H2O
* Appearance: prisms
* Melting point: 183–186 °C (361–367 °F)
* Molecular Weight: 309.33606
* Soluble in: hot water, methanol
* Almost insoluble in: near freezing water, alcohol, acetone <nowiki>*</nowiki>
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Possible unreliable web source.

==== Mescaline Fumarate ====
* Composition: unknown (it may be a one to one salt or may not be)
* Appearance: White powder
* Melting point: unknown
* Solubility
Soluble in: water

Insoluble in: Limonene, Anydrous IPA, Acetone, MEK (most likely insoluble in all non-polars like xylene and toluene) [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=18705 Source]

==== Mescaline Acetate ====
* Composition: unknown
* Appearance: white free flowing powder with a slight waxy texture <nowiki>***</nowiki>
* Melting point: unknown
* Solubility:
Soluble in: water<nowiki>***</nowiki>, isopropyl alcohol<nowiki>***</nowiki>, acetone<nowiki>***</nowiki>, DMSO<nowiki>***</nowiki> (more than 5 grams/100 ml), boiling MEK***

Insoluble in: xylene, d-limonene, cold MEK (Methyl Ethyl Ketone) <nowiki>***</nowiki>

<nowiki>***</nowiki> This information was validated by SWIM and is reliable.
* Isolation: when mescaline acetate is extracted from San Pedro, Achuma, or Peruvian torch, it can be isolated from the other alkaloids by washing it in cold MEK (use 10 ml per gram of alkaloids, and wash 2-3 times). The non-mescaline alkaloids dissolve in the MEK, while the mescaline acetate does not. Mescaline acetate can be recrystallized in MEK by boiling the MEK and then freezing it overnight.

=== Ibogaine ===
12-methoxyibogamine

==== Freebase Ibogaine ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:ibogainefreebase.png]]</td><td></table>
* CAS Registry Number: 83-74-9
* Composition: C20H26N2O
* Molecular Weight: 310.43324 g/mol
* Melting Point: 152-153 °C ([http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/browse.php?domain=tk TIHKAL])
* XLogP3: 3.9 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
* pKa: 8.1 in 80% methylcellosolve ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
* Solubility: Soluble in limonene ([http://www.anoniem.org/?https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=10651 Non-Toxic Iboga Extraction]) soluble in acetone (merck)

==== Ibogaine Hydrochloride ====
* Melting Point: 299-300 °C ([http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/browse.php?domain=tk TIHKAL])
* Solubility: Soluble in water, methanol (Sigma Aldrich), slightly soluble in acetone (merck)

=== Voacangine ===
12-methoxyibogamine-18-carboxylic acid methyl ester

==== Voacangine ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:voacangine.png]]</td><td></table>
* Composition: C22H28N2O3
* Molecular Weight: 368.46932 g/mole
* Melting Point: 136–137 °C ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
* pKa: 7.4 (40% aq methanol); 5.73 (33% DMF) ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
* XLogP3-AA: 3.5 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])

=== LSA (ergine) ===
Lysergamide

==== Freebase LSA ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:lsafreebase.png]]</td><td></table>
CAS Registry Number: 478-94-4
* Composition: C16H17N3O
* Molecular Weight: 267.32568 g/mol
* XLogP3: 1.6 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=442072&loc=ec_rcs PubChem])

=== Muscimol ===
Pantherine, Agarine

==== Freebase Muscimol ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:muscimolfreebase.png]]</td><td></table>
* Appearance: White powder (Sigma Aldrich)
* CAS Registry Number: 2763-96-4
* Composition: C4H6N2O2
* Molecular Weight: 114.10264 g/mol
* Melting Point: 175°C (Merck Index)
* XLogP3-AA: -1.4 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=4266&loc=ec_rcs PubChem])

=== Salvinorin A ===
Note: Technically NOT an alkaloid, as it contains no nitrogen. It is a trans-neoclerodane diterpene.

==== Salvinorin A ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:salvinorina.png]]</td><td></table>
* Composition: C23H28O8
* Molecular Weight: 432.46362 g/mol
* Melting Point:242-244 – 238-240 °C (Wikipedia)
* Boiling Pont: 760.2 °C (1400 °F) (Wikipedia)
* XLogP3-AA: 2.5 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])

=== Elemicin ===
1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-allylbenzene

Note: Technically NOT an alkaloid, as it contains no nitrogen.

==== Elemicin ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:elemicin.png]]</td><td></table>

* CAS Number: 487-11-6
* Molecular Formula: C12H16O3
* Molecular Weight: 208.25364 g/mol
* Boiling Point: 152-156 °C @ 17 mmHg, 144-147 °C @ 10 mmHg ([http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1021681.html Source]), 146-147 °C ([http://www.chemyq.com/En/xz/xz3/20815lmxvj.htm Source 1] [http://www.chunyuan.com.cn/zhanshishow.asp?id=94 Source 2]), 279.8 °C @ 760 mmHg ([http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.9830.html ChemSpider])
* XlogP3: 2.5 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubChem])
* Solubility:
Soluble in alcohol, Insoluble in water ([http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1021681.html Source])

=== Harmine ===
7-methoxy-β-carboline

==== Freebase Harmine ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:harminefreebase.png]]</td><td></table>
* Composition: C13H12N2O
* Molecular Weight: 212.25 (Sigma Aldrich)
* Melting point: 262-264 °C (Sigma Aldrich)
* Boiling point: 421.4°Cat760mmHg ([http://www.lookchem.com/cas-442/442-51-3.html Lookchem])
* XLogP: 2.5
* XLogP3: 3.6
* pKa: 7.7
* Solubility:
Insoluble in basic water, poorly soluble in distilled water. Reasonably soluble in acetone (at 25°C, acetone can dissolve 4mg/ml mixed harmalas as [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=200200#post200200 this test shows])
* Isolation: To separate from harmaline, using pKa properties, raise pH of solution containing both alkaloids to pH 8.75 to precipitate 92% of harmine and only 8% Harmaline. Filter to retrieve precipitated alkaloids, and raise the pH further to retrieve the bulk of harmaline. Check the [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=5725 freebase percentage calculator thread] and the [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide Harmala Extraction Guide] for more info.

==== Harmine Hydrochloride ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:harminehcl.png]]</td><td></table>
* Melting Point: 321 °C
* Solubility:
Soluble in water

Insoluble in salt-saturated water

=== Harmaline ===
3,4-dihydro-7-methoxy-1-methyl-β-carboline

==== Freebase Harmaline ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:harmaline.png]]</td><td></table>
* Composition: C13H14N2O
* Melting point: 232-234 °C (Sigma Aldrich)
* Boiling point: 120-140 °C at 0.001 mm/Hg ([http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/browse.php?domain=tk TIHKAL])
* XLogP: 0.8
* XLogP3: 1.2
* pKa: 9.8
* Solubility:
Slightly soluble in basic water, poorly soluble in distilled water. Reasonably soluble in acetone (at 25°C, acetone can dissolve 4mg/ml mixed harmalas as [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=200200#post200200 this test shows])
* Isolation: To separate from harmine, using pKa properties, raise pH of solution containing both alkaloids to pH 8.75 to precipitate 92% of harmine and only 8% Harmaline. Filter to retrieve precipitated alkaloids, and raise the pH further to retrieve the bulk of harmaline. Check the [https://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=5725 freebase percentage calculator thread] and the [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide Harmala Extraction Guide] for more info.

==== Harmaline Hydrochloride ====
* Solubility:
Soluble in water

Insoluble in salt-saturated water

=== THH ===
Tetrahydroharmine - 7-methoxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline

==== Freebase THH ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:thhfreebase.png]]</td><td></table>
* Composition: C13H16N2O
* Molecular Weight: 216.27894 g/mol
* Melting Point: 187-190 °C ([http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/browse.php?domain=tk TIHKAL])
* XlogP: 1.9
* XLogP3: 1.9

Solubility: poorly soluble in distilled water

==== THH Hydrochloride ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:thhhcl.png]]</td><td></table>
* Composition: C13H17ClN2O
* Molecular Weight: 252.73988 g/mol
* Melting Point: 232–234 °C ([http://isomerdesign.com/PiHKAL/browse.php?domain=tk TIHKAL])
* Boiling point: 399.2 °C at 760 mmHg ([http://www.lookchem.com/TETRAHYDROHARMINE Lookchem])
* Mol File: 40959-16-8.mol
* Flash Point: 195.2 °C
* Enthalpy of Vaporization: 64.99 kJ/mol
* Vapour Pressure: 1.4E-06 mmHg at 25°C
* H-Bond Donor: 3
* H-Bond Acceptor: 2
* Rotatable Bond Count: 1
* Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.1
* Heavy Atom Count: 17
* Complexity: 258

== Relevant NOT psychedelic compounds ==

=== Gramine ===
N,N-Dimethyl-1H-indole-3-methanamine

==== Freebase Gramine ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:graminefreebase.png]]</td><td></table>
* Composition: C11H14N2
* Molecular Weight: 174.24226 g/mol
* Melting point: 138-139°C (Merck)
* Boiling point:
* XLogP3: 1.8
* pKa:
* Solubility:
Sol in alcohol, ether, chloroform; slightly sol in cold acetone. Practically insol in petr ether, water. (Merck Index)

=== Hordenine ===
N,N-dimethyltyramine

==== Freebase Hordenine ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:hordeninefreebase.png]]</td><td></table>
* CAS Registry Number: 539-15-1
* Composition: C10H15NO
* Molecular Weight: 165.23 g/mol
* Melting point: 117-118° ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
* Boiling point: 173° @ 11mmHg ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
* XlogP3: 2.1 (PubChe[[File:m)
* Solubility:
Very sol in alcohol, chloroform, ether. 7 grams dissolve in 1000 ml water. Sparingly sol in benzene, toluene, xylene. Practically insol in petr ether. ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])

==== Hordenine Hydrochloride ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:hordeninehcl.png]]</td><td></table>
* CAS Registry Number: 6027-23-2
* Composition: C10H15NO.HCl
* Molecular Weight: 201.70 g/mol
* Melting point: 177° ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])
* Solubility:
Very sol in water. ([http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/w/images/8/81/MERCK.pdf Merck Index])

=== Vasicine ===
(3R)-1,2,3,9-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-3-ol;Peganine

==== Freebase Vasicine ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:vasicine.jpg]]</td><td></table>

* Composition: C11H12N2O
* Molecular Weight: 188.22578 g/mol
* Melting point: 209-211° C (Decomposes) ([http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/nd/VASICINE.htm source])
* XLogP3: 0.4 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=442935&loc=ec_rcs pubchem])
* Pharmacology: Uterotonic, abortifacient, bronchodilatory activity, expectorant, respiratory stimulant activity, moderate hypotensive activity (sources: [http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/nd/VASICINE.htm 1], [http://indianmedicine.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/root/A/2091/ 2]
* Solubility: Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicine can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala. Check [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide harmala extraction guide for more info])

=== Vasicinone ===
(R)-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxypyrrolo(2,1-b)quinazolin-9(1H)-one

==== Freebase Vasicine ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:vasicinone.jpg]]</td><td></table>

* Appearance: White powder
* Composition: C11H10N2O2
* Molecular Weight: 202.2093 g/mol
* Melting point: 203°-204° C ([http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/nd/VASICINE.htm source])
* XLogP3: 0.4 ([http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=442935&loc=ec_rcs pubchem])
* Pharmacology: Uterotonic, abortifacient, bronchodilatory activity, expectorant, respiratory stimulant activity, moderate hypotensive activity (sources: [http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/nd/VASICINE.htm 1], [http://indianmedicine.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/root/A/2091/ 2]
* Solubility: Water: 1600 mg/l. Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicinone can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala. Check [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide harmala extraction guide for more info]

=== Deoxyvasicine ===
1,2,3,9-Tetrahydropyrrolo(2,1-b)quinazoline; Deoxypeganin;

==== Freebase Deoxyvasicine ====
<table><tr><td>[[Image:deoxyvasicine.jpg]]</td><td></table>

* Appearance: White to yellow powder
* Composition: C11H12N2
* Molecular Weight: 172.22638 g/mol
* Melting point: 86-87° C ([http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/nd/VASICINE.htm source])
* XLogP3: 0.4
* Pharmacology: Uterotonic, abortifacient, bronchodilatory activity, expectorant, respiratory stimulant activity, moderate hypotensive activity (sources: [http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/nd/VASICINE.htm 1], [http://indianmedicine.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/root/A/2091/ 2]
* Solubility: Water: 1600 mg/l. Soluble in NaCl-saturated water (harmalas precipitate as HCl salts in NaCl-saturated water, hence vasicine can be separated from harmalas in peganum harmala. Check [http://wiki.dmt-nexus.com/Harmalas_Extraction_and_Separation_Guide harmala extraction guide for more info])

== Solvents and Alkaloids XlogP and XlogP3 ==

'''Alkaloid XlogP list'''

* 0.1 - 6-methoxy-2-methyl-beta-Carboline
* 0.7 - Beta-carboline, 6-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-Dimethyl-2H-beta-carbolin-6-yl methyl ether
* 0.7 - Mescaline
* 0.8 - Harmaline
* 1.0 - 5-HO-Tryptamine (serotonin)
* 1.3 - 5-HO-DMT N-oxide (Bufotenine N-oxide)
* 1.6 - 5-HO-DMT (bufotenine)
* 1.7 - N-Methylserotonin
* 1.7 - DMT N-oxide (Dimethyltryptamine N-oxide)
* 1.7 - 5-MeO-NMT (5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine)
* 1.7 - 2-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline
* 1.8 - NMT (N-Methyltryptamine)
* 1.9 - 5-MeO-DMT (methoxybufotenin)
* 1.9 - Tetra−Hydro−Harmine (THH)
* 2.0 - DMT (Dimethyltryptamine)
* 2.5 - Harmine

'''Alkaloid XlogP3 list'''

* -1.4 - Muscimol
* -1.6 - Psilocybin
* 0.6 - Harmalol
* 0.7 - Mescaline
* 1.2 - Harmaline
* 1.2 - Bufotenine
* 1.5 - 5-MeO-DMT
* 1.6 - LSA (ergine)
* 1.8 - Gramine
* 1.9 - Tetrahydroharmine
* 2.0 - DMT N-oxide
* 2.1 - Psilocin
* 2.1 - NMT
* 2.5 - DMT
* 2.5 - Salvinorin A
* 2.5 - Elemicin
* 3.5 - Voacangine
* 3.6 - Harmine
* 3.6 - Harman
* 3.9 - Ibogaine

Lower XlogP values are more water soluble, and higher XlogP values are more non-polar soluble.

'''Solvent XlogP list'''

* -0.7 - DMSO
* -0.5 - Methanol
* -0.1 - Ethyl Alcohol
* 0.2 - Acetone
* 0.4 - IPA
* 0.4 - MEK (Methyl Ethyl Ketone)
* 0.7 - Ethyl Acetate
* 0.9 - Ethyl Ether
* 1.5 - DCM
* 2.1 - Chloroform
* 2.5 - Toluene
* 2.5 - Xylene
* 3.7 - Limonene
* 4.3 - Heptane (similar to naphtha)

File:Nmt.jpg

2011-09-21T14:37:06Z

Snozzleberry: NMT structure

NMT structure

Entheogen

2011-09-04T21:56:09Z

Snozzleberry: First mass-pasting of wiki on entheogens...needs to be pared down and then bulked up with the specific chemicals, etc

This entry covers psychoactive substances used in a spiritual context.

An '''entheogen''' ("God inside us,"<ref>
{{cite web
| url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132008000500010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
| title=Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology - Jurema-Preta (Mimosa tenuiflora [Willd.] Poir.): a review of its traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacology
| publisher=www.scielo.br
| accessdate=2009-01-14
| last=
| first=
}}</ref> en εν- "in, within," theo θεος- "god, divine," -gen γενος "creates, generates"), in the strict sense, is a [[psychoactive]] substance used in a [[religion|religious]], [[shamanism|shamanic]], or [[spirtuality|spiritual]] context. Historically, entheogens were mostly derived from [[plant]] sources and have been used in a variety of traditional religious contexts. With the advent of organic chemistry, there now exist many [[chemical synthesis|synthetic]] substances with similar psychoactive properties, many derived from these plants. Entheogens can supplement many diverse practices for healing, [[Transcendence (philosophy)|transcendence]], and [[revelation]], including: [[meditation]], [[psychonautics]], [[art]] projects, and [[psychedelic therapy]].

Entheogens have been used in a [[ritual]]ized context for thousands of years; their religious significance is well established in anthropological and modern evidences. Examples of traditional entheogens include: [[kykeon]], [[ambrosia]], [[iboga]], [[soma]], [[peyote]], [[bufotenine]], [[ayahuasca]], and [[Datura]]. Other traditional entheogens include [[Spiritual use of cannabis|cannabis]], [[ethanol]], [[ergine]], [[psilocybe mushrooms]], and [[opium]]. Many pure [[active compound]]s with psychoactive properties have been isolated from organisms and chemically synthesized, including [[mescaline]], [[psilocin]]/[[psilocybin]], [[Dimethyltryptamine|DMT]], [[salvinorin A]], [[ibogaine]], and [[scopolamine]]. Semi-synthetic (e.g. [[LSD]] derived from [[lysergic acid amide|LSA]]) and synthetic substances (e.g. [[Dipropyltryptamine|DPT]] used by the [[Temple of the True Inner Light]] and [[2C-B]] used by the [[Sangoma]]) have also been developed.<ref>[http://www.entheogens.org/ Entheogens.org]</ref> Entheogens may be compounded through the work of a shaman or apothecary in a tea, admixture, or potion like ayahuasca or [[bhang]].

More broadly, the term ''entheogen'' is used to refer to any psychoactive substances when used for their religious or spiritual effects, whether or not in a formal religious or traditional structure. This terminology is often chosen to contrast with [[recreational drug use|recreational use]] of the same substances. Studies such as the [[Marsh Chapel Experiment]] have documented reports of spiritual experiences from participants who were administered psychoactive substances in controlled trials.<ref name="Griffiths">{{cite journal | title = Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance | journal = Psychopharmacology | date = 2006-07-07 | author = R. R. Griffiths | coauthors = W. A. Richards, U. McCann, R. Jesse | volume = 187 | issue = 3 | pages = 268–283| id = | url = http://www.springerlink.com/content/v2175688r1w4862x/fulltext.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 2011-02-03 | doi=10.1007/s00213-006-0457-5 | pmid=16826400}}</ref> Ongoing research is limited due to widespread [[Prohibition (drugs)|drug prohibition]], however some countries have legislation that allows for traditional entheogen use.

== Etymology==

The [[neologism]] ''entheogen'' was coined in 1979 by a group of [[ethnobotany|ethnobotanists]] and scholars of [[mythology]] ([[Carl A. P. Ruck]], Jeremy Bigwood, Danny Staples, [[Richard Evans Schultes]], [[Jonathan Ott]] and [[R. Gordon Wasson]]). The literal meaning of the word is "that which causes God to be within an individual". The translation "creating the divine within" is sometimes given, but ''entheogen'' implies neither that something is created nor that that which is experienced is ''within'' the user.

The term is derived from two words of ancient Greek, ἔνθεος (''entheos'') and γενέσθαι (''genesthai''). The adjective ''entheos'' translates to English as "full of the god, inspired, possessed," and is the root of the English word "enthusiasm." The Greeks used it as a term of praise for poets and other artists. ''Genesthai'' means "to come into being." Thus, an entheogen is a substance that causes one to become inspired or to experience feelings of inspiration, often in a religious or "spiritual" manner.<ref name=Godlaski2011>{{cite journal |author=Godlaski, Theodore M |title=The God within |journal=Substance Use and Misuse |year=2011 |volume=46 |issue=10 |pages=1217–1222 |doi=10.3109/10826084.2011.561722}}</ref>

Since the experience originates from an external source, the "divine within" can be illustrated as an absorption or collection of divine, rather than a creation that originates within the person. In other words, an entheogen is something that fills someone with god. Given the broad scope of this statement, it can be argued that the word should be inclusive of substances, objects, and/or experiences beyond [[psychoactive]]s.

Entheogen was coined as a replacement for the terms ''hallucinogen'' and ''[[psychedelic]]''. ''Hallucinogen'' was popularized by [[Aldous Huxley]]'s experiences with [[mescaline]], which were published as ''[[The Doors of Perception]]'' in 1954. ''Psychedelic'', on the other hand, is a Greek neologism for "mind manifest", and was coined by psychiatrist [[Humphry Osmond]]; Huxley was a volunteer in experiments Osmond was conducting on mescaline.

Ruck et al. argued that the term ''hallucinogen'' was inappropriate due to its etymological relationship to words relating to delirium and [[insanity]]. The term ''psychedelic'' was also seen as problematic, due to the similarity in sound to words pertaining to [[psychosis]] and also due to the fact that it had become irreversibly associated with various connotations of [[The Sixties|1960s]] [[pop culture]]. In modern usage ''entheogen'' may be used synonymously with these terms, or it may be chosen to contrast with [[recreational drug use|recreational use]] of the same substances. The meanings of the term ''entheogen'' were formally defined by Ruck et al.:

{{quote|In a strict sense, only those vision-producing drugs that can be shown to have figured in shamanic or religious rites would be designated entheogens, but in a looser sense, the term could also be applied to other drugs, both natural and artificial, that induce alterations of consciousness similar to those documented for ritual ingestion of traditional entheogens.|<ref>
{{Cite journal
|author=Carl A. P. Ruck
|author2=Jeremy Bigwood
|author3=Danny Staples
|author4=Jonathan Ott
|author5=R. Gordon Wasson
|title=Entheogens
|journal=Journal of Psychedelic Drugs
|url=http://jeremybigwood.net/JBsPUBS/JBScientific/Entheogens/index.htm#Entheogens
|date=Jan-Jun, 1979
|volume=11
|issue=1-2
|pages=145–146
|pmid=522165}}</ref>}}

== Synthetic entheogens used by shamans ==

[[2C-B]] is used by the [[Sangoma]] over their traditional plants.<ref>http://www.evolver.net/user/chen_cho_dorge/blog/2cb_chosen_over_traditional_entheogens_south_african_healers</ref>

[[María Sabina]] was celebrating a mushroom velada with pills of Indocybin or synthetic psilocybine.<ref>http://www.sagewisdom.org/ott2.html</ref>

On the 1962 expedition organized by R. Gordon Wasson to see Maria Sabina, Hofmann came along and brought a bottle of psilocybin pills. Sandoz was marketing them under the brand name "Indocybin"—"indo" for both "Indian" and "indole" (the nucleus of their chemical structures) and "cybin" for the main molecular constituent, "psilocybin." ("Psilo" in Greek means "bald," "cybe" means "head.") Hofmann gave his synthesized teonanacatl to the curandera who divulged the Indians' secret. "Of course," Wasson recalls of the encounter, "Albert Hofmann is so conservative he always gives too little a dose, and it didn't have any effect." Hofmann had a different interpretation: activation of "the pills, which must dissolve in the stomach before they can be absorbed, takes place only after 30 to 45 minutes, in contrast to the mushrooms which, when chewed, work faster because part of the drug is absorbed immediately by the mucosa in the mouth." In order to settle her doubts about the pills, more were distributed, bringing the total for Maria Sabina, her daughter, and the shaman Don Aurelio up to 30 mg., a moderately high dose by current standards but not perhaps by the Indians'. At dawn, their Mazatec interpreter reported that Maria Sabina felt there was little difference between the pills and the mushrooms. She thanked Hofmann for the bottle of pills, "saying that she would now be able to serve people even when no mushrooms were available."<ref>Psychedelics Encyclopedia, p 237-238</ref>

== Species ==
{{Main|List of entheogens}}

Essentially all [[psychoactive drug]]s that are naturally occurring in plants, fungi, or animals, can be used in an entheogenic context or with enthogenic intent. Since non-psychoactive drugs can also be used in this type of context, the term "entheogen" refers primarily to substances that have been categorized based on their historical use. Toxicity does not affect a substance's inclusion (some can kill humans), nor does effectiveness or potency (if a substance is psychoactive, and it has been used in a historical context, then the required dose has also been found).

== Archaeological record ==
{{See also|Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record}}
[[R. Gordon Wasson]] and [[Giorgio Samorini]] have proposed several examples of the cultural use of entheogens that are found in the archaeological record.<ref>Giorgio Samorini, “The ‘Mushroom-Tree’ of Plaincourault”, Eleusis: Journal of Psychoactive Plants and Compounds, n. 8, 1997, pp. 29-37</ref><ref>Giorgio Samorini, “The ‘Mushroom-Trees’ in Christian Art”, Eleusis: Journal of Psychoactive Plants and Compounds, n. 1, 1998, pp. 87-108</ref> Evidence for the first use of entheogens may come from Tassili, Algeria, with a cave painting of a mushroom-man, dating to 8000 [[Before Present|BP]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} Hemp seeds discovered by archaeologists at [[Pazyryk]] suggest early ceremonial practices by the [[Scythians]] occurred during the 5th to 2nd century BC, confirming previous historical reports by [[Herodotus]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}

== Classical mythology and cults ==

Although entheogens are taboo and most of them are officially prohibited in Christian and Islamic societies, their ubiquity and prominence in the spiritual traditions of various other cultures is unquestioned. The entheogen, "the spirit, for example, need not be chemical, as is the case with the ivy and the olive: and yet the god was felt to be within them; nor need its possession be considered something detrimental, like drugged, hallucinatory, or delusionary: but possibly instead an invitation to knowledge or whatever good the god's spirit had to offer." (Ruck and Staples)

Most of the well-known modern examples, such as peyote, [[psilocybe]] and other psychoactive mushrooms and ''ololiuhqui,'' are from the native cultures of the Americas. However, it has also been suggested that entheogens played an important role in ancient Indo-European culture, for example by inclusion in the ritual preparations of the [[Soma]], the "pressed juice" that is the subject of Book 9 of the [[Rig Veda]]. Soma was ritually prepared and drunk by priests and initiates and elicited a paean in the ''Rig Veda'' that embodies the nature of an entheogen:

{{quote|Splendid by Law! declaring Law, truth speaking, truthful in thy works, Enouncing faith, King Soma!... O [Soma] Pavāmana (mind clarifying), place me in that deathless, undecaying world wherein the light of heaven is set, and everlasting lustre shines.... Make me immortal in that realm where happiness and transports, where joy and felicities combine...}}

The [[Kykeon]] that preceded initiation into the Eleusinian Mysteries is another entheogen, which was investigated (before the word was coined) by Carl Kerényi, in ''Eleusis: Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter.'' Other entheogens in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean include the poppy, Datura, and the unidentified "lotus" eaten by the Lotus-Eaters in the ''[[Odyssey]]'' and ''[[narcissus (mythology)|Narkissos]].''

According to Ruck, Eyan, and Staples, the familiar shamanic entheogen that the [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-Europeans]] brought with them was knowledge of the wild [[Amanita]] mushroom. It could not be cultivated; thus it had to be found, which suited it to a nomadic lifestyle. When they reached the world of the Caucasus and the Aegean, the Indo-Europeans encountered [[wine]], the entheogen of [[Dionysus]], who brought it with him from his birthplace in the mythical [[Nysa (mythology)|Nysa]], when he returned to claim his Olympian birthright. The Indo-European proto-Greeks "recognized it as the entheogen of Zeus, and their own traditions of shamanism, the Amanita and the 'pressed juice' of Soma — but better since no longer unpredictable and wild, the way it was found among the [[Hyperborea]]ns: as befit their own assimilation of agrarian modes of life, the entheogen was now cultivable" (Ruck and Staples). [[Robert Graves]], in his foreword to ''The Greek Myths,'' hypothesises that the Ambrosia of various pre-[[Greeks|Hellenic]] tribes were [[amanita]] (which, based on the morphological similarity of the words amanita, amrita and ambrosia, is entirely plausible) and perhaps [[panaeolus]] mushrooms.

Amanita was [[divinity|divine]] food, according to Ruck and Staples, not something to be indulged in or sampled lightly, not something to be profaned. It was the food of the gods, their [[ambrosia]], and it mediated between the two realms. It is said that [[Tantalus]]'s crime was inviting commoners to share his [[ambrosia]].

The entheogen is believed to offer godlike powers in many traditional tales, including immortality. The failure of [[Gilgamesh]] in retrieving the plant of immortality from beneath the waters teaches that the blissful state cannot be taken by force or guile: when Gilgamesh lay on the bank, exhausted from his heroic effort, the [[Serpent (symbolism)|serpent]] came and ate the plant.

Another attempt at subverting the natural order is told in a (according to some) strangely metamorphosed myth, in which natural roles have been reversed to suit the Hellenic world-view. The Alexandrian Apollodorus relates how [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]] (spelled "Ge" in the following passage), Mother Earth herself, has supported the [[Titan (mythology)|Titans]] in their battle with the Olympian intruders. The Giants have been defeated:

{{quote|When Ge learned of this, she sought a drug that would prevent their destruction even by mortal hands. But Zeus barred the appearance of Eos (the Dawn), Selene (the Moon), and Helios (the Sun), and chopped up the drug himself before Ge could find it.}}

== Judaism and Christianity ==
{{See also|Psychology of religion}}

According to ''[[The Living Torah]]'', cannabis was an ingredient of [[holy anointing oil]] mentioned in various sacred [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] texts.<ref>Kaplan, Aryeh. (1981). ''The Living Torah'' New York. p. 442.</ref> The herb of interest is most commonly known as ''kaneh-bosm'' (Hebrew: קְנֵה-בֹשֶׂם). This is mentioned several times in the [[Old Testament]] as a bartering material, [[Religious use of incense|incense]], and an ingredient in holy anointing oil used by the high priest of the temple. Although Chris Bennett's research in this area focuses on cannabis, he mentions evidence suggesting use of additional visionary plants such as henbane, as well.<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/1550567985 Sex, Drugs, Violence and the Bible], by Chris Bennett and Neil McQueen, 2001, Forbidden Fruit Publishing.</ref>

The [[Septuagint]] translates ''kaneh-bosm'' as [[Sweet flag|calamus]], and this translation has been propagated unchanged to most later translations of the old testament. However, [[Poland|Polish]] anthropologist [[Sula Benet]] published [[etymology|etymological]] arguments that the [[Aramaic]] word for hemp can be read as ''kannabos'' and appears to be a [[cognate]] to the modern word 'cannabis',<ref>[http://www.njweedman.com/kanehbosm.html kanehbosm]</ref> with the root ''kan'' meaning reed or hemp and ''bosm'' meaning fragrant. Both cannabis and calamus are fragrant, reedlike plants containing [[psychotropic]] compounds.

In his research, Professor [[Dan Merkur]] points to significant evidence of an awareness within the Jewish mystical tradition recognizing [[manna]] as an entheogen, thereby substantiating with [[rabbinic]] texts theories advanced by the superficial biblical interpretations of [[Terence McKenna]], [[R. Gordon Wasson]] and other [[ethnomycology|ethnomycologists]].

Although [[philologist]] [[John Marco Allegro]] has suggested that the self-revelation and healing abilities attributed to the figure of Jesus may have been associated with the effects of the plant medicines, this evidence is dependent on pre-[[Septuagint]] interpretation of Torah and [[Tenach]]. Allegro was the only non-Catholic appointed to the position of translating the Dead Sea scrolls. His extrapolations are often the object of scorn due to Allegro's non-mainstream theory of Jesus as a mythological personification of the essence of a "psychoactive sacrament". Furthermore they conflict with the position of the Catholic Church in regards to [[transubstantiation]] and the teaching involving valid matter, form, and substance — that of bread and wine (bread does not contain psychoactive substances, but wine contains [[ethanol]]). Allegro's book, ''The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross'', relates the development of language to the development of myths, religions and cultic practices in world cultures. Allegro believed he could prove, through etymology, that the roots of [[Christianity]], as of many other religions, lay in [[fertility cult]]s; and that cult practices, such as ingesting visionary plants (or "[[psychedelics]]") to perceive the mind of God [Avestan: Vohu Mana], persisted into the early [[Christian]] era, and to some unspecified extent into the 13th century with reoccurrences in the 18th century and mid 20th century, as he interprets the Plaincourault chapel's fresco to be an accurate depiction of the ritual ingestion of [[Amanita muscaria]] as the Eucharist.

The historical picture portrayed by the Entheos journal is of fairly widespread use of visionary plants in early Christianity and the surrounding culture, with a gradual reduction of use of entheogens in Christianity.<ref>[http://entheomedia.org/Issue%20one.htm Conjuring Eden: Art and the Entheogenic Vision of Paradise], by Mark Hoffman, Carl Ruck, and Blaise Staples. Entheos: The Journal of Psychedelic Spirituality, Issue No. 1, Summer, 2001</ref> R. Gordon Wasson's book ''Soma'' prints a letter from art historian Erwin Panofsky asserting that art scholars are aware of many 'mushroom trees' in Christian art.<ref>[http://www.egodeath.com/WassonEdenTree.htm Wasson and Allegro on the Tree of Knowledge as Amanita], Michael S. Hoffman, Journal of Higher Criticism, 2007</ref>

The question of the extent of visionary plant use throughout the history of Christian practice has barely been considered yet by academic or independent scholars. The question of whether visionary plants were used in pre-Theodosius Christianity is distinct from evidence that indicates the extent to which visionary plants were utilized or forgotten in later Christianity, including so-called "heretical" or "quasi-" Christian groups,<ref>[http://entheomedia.org/Entheos_Issue_2.htm Daturas for the Virgin], José Celdrán and Carl Ruck, Entheos: The Journal of Psychedelic Spirituality, Vol. I, Issue 2, Winter, 2002</ref> and the question of other groups such as elites or laity within "orthodox" Catholic practice.<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/1594601445 The Hidden World: Survival of Pagan Shamanic Themes in European Fairytales], by Carl Ruck, Blaise Staples, Jose Alfredo Celdran, Mark Hoffman, Carolina Academic Press, 2007</ref>

Daniel Merkur at the [[University of Toronto]] contends that a minority of Christian hermits and mystics could possibly have used entheogens, in conjunction with [[fasting]], [[meditation]] and [[prayer]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

== Cultural use ==

Entheogens have been used in various ways, including as part of established religions, secularly for personal spiritual development as tools (or "plant teachers") to augment the mind,<ref>[http://www.kentupper.com/resources/Entheogens+$26+Education--JDEA+2003.pdf Tupper, K.W. (2003). Entheogens & education: Exploring the potential of psychoactives as educational tools. Journal of Drug Education and Awareness, 1(2), 145-161.]</ref><ref>[http://www.csse.ca/CJE/Articles/FullText/CJE27-4/CJE27-4-tupper.pdf Tupper, K.W. (2002). Entheogens and existential intelligence: The use of plant teachers as cognitive tools. Canadian Journal of Education, 27(4), 499-516.]</ref> secularly as recreational drugs, and for medical and therapeutic use. The use of entheogens in human cultures is nearly ubiquitous throughout recorded history.

Naturally occurring entheogens such as [[psilocybin]] and [[dimethyltryptamine]], also known as '''''N,N''-dimethyltryptamine''', or simply DMT (in the preparation [[ayahuasca]]) were, for the most part, discovered and used by older cultures, as part of their spiritual and religious life, as plants and agents which were respected, or in some cases revered for generations and may be a tradition which predates all modern religions as a sort of proto-religious rite.

One of the most widely used entheogens is [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]], which has been used in regions such as [[China]], [[Europe]], and [[India]]; in some cases, for thousands of years. It has also appeared as a part of religions and cultures such as the [[Rastafari movement]], the [[Sadhus]] of [[Hinduism]], the [[Scythians]], [[Sufi]] [[Islam]], and others. For additional information, see [[Religious and spiritual use of cannabis]].

=== Africa ===

The best-known entheogen-using culture of [[Africa]] is the [[Bwiti]]sts, who used a preparation of the root bark of [[Iboga]] (''Tabernanthe iboga'').<ref>[http://ibogaine.desk.nl/fernandez.html Bwiti: An Ethnography of the Religious Imagination in Africa] by James W. Fernandez, Princeton University Press, 1982</ref> Although the ancient Egyptians may have been using the entheogenic [[Nymphaea caerulea|blue lotus]] plant in some of their religious rituals or just symbolically (''Nymphaea caerulea''), a great deal of evidence suggests that Egyptian religion once revolved around the ritualistic ingestion of the far more entheogenic [[Psilocybe]] cubensis mushroom, and that the Egyptian White Crown, Triple Crown, and Atef Crown were evidently designed to represent pin-stages of this mushroom.<ref>http://www.shroomer.cz/upload/Hubicky_v_Egypte.pdf S.R. Berlant. The entheomycological origin of Egyptian crowns and the esoteric underpinnings of Egyptian religion. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 102 (2005) 275–288.</ref> There is also evidence for the use of [[Psychedelic mushrooms|entheogenic mushrooms]] in [[Côte d'Ivoire]] (Samorini 1995). Numerous other plants used in shamanic ritual in Africa, such as ''[[Silene capensis]]'' sacred to the [[Xhosa people|Xhosa]], are yet to be investigated by western science.

=== Americas ===
{{See also|Aztec use of entheogens}}

Entheogens have played a pivotal role in the spiritual practices of most American cultures for millennia. The first American entheogen to be subject to scientific analysis was the [[peyote]] cactus (''Lophophora williamsii''). For his part, one of the founders of modern ethno-botany, the late [[Richard Evans Schultes]] of [[Harvard University]] documented the ritual use of peyote cactus among the [[Kiowa]] who live in what became Oklahoma. Used traditionally by many cultures of what is now [[Mexico]], its use spread to throughout [[North America]] in the 19th century, replacing the [[toxic]] entheogen ''Sophora secundiflora'' ([[Mescalbean|mescal bean]]). Other well-known entheogens used by Mexican cultures include [[magic mushrooms|psilocybin mushrooms]] (known to indigenous [[Mexicans]] under the [[Náhuatl]] name ''teonanácatl''), the seeds of several [[morning glory|morning glories]] (Náhuatl: [[Ipomoea tricolor|tlitlíltzin]] and [[Rivea corymbosa|ololiúhqui]]) and ''[[Salvia divinorum]]'' ([[Mazateco]]: Ska Pastora; Náhuatl: pipiltzintzíntli).

[[File:Urarina shaman B Dean.jpg|thumb|right|Urarina [[shaman]], 1988]]

Indigenous peoples of [[South America]] employ a wide variety of entheogens. Better-known examples include [[ayahuasca]] (''Banisteriopsis caapi'' plus admixtures) among indigenous peoples (such as the [[Urarina]]) of Peruvian [[Amazonia]]. Other well-known entheogens include: borrachero (''[[Brugmansia]]'' spp); [[San Pedro (cactus)|San Pedro]] (''Trichocereus'' spp); and various [[tryptamine]]-bearing snuffs, for example [[Virola|Epená]] (''Virola'' spp), [[Vilca]] and [[Yopo]] (''Anadananthera'' spp). The familiar [[tobacco]] plant, when used uncured in large doses in [[shamanic]] contexts, also serves as an entheogen in South America. Also, a tobacco that contains higher nicotine content, and therefore smaller doses required, called ''[[Nicotiana rustica]]'' was commonly used.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

In addition to [[indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous]] use of entheogens in the Americas, one should also note their important role in contemporary religious movements, such as the [[Rastafari movement]] and the [[Church of the Universe]].

=== Asia ===
The indigenous peoples of [[Siberia]] (from whom the term ''shaman'' was appropriated) have used the [[fly agaric]] mushroom (''Amanita muscaria'') as an entheogen.

In [[Hinduism]], [[Datura stramonium]] and [[Cannabis]] have been used in religious ceremonies, although the religious use of Datura is not very common, as the primary alkaloids are strong [[deliriants]], which causes serious intoxication with unpredictable effects.

Also, the ancient inebriant [[Soma]], mentioned often in the [[Vedas]], appears to be consistent with the effects of an entheogen. (In his 1967 book, Wasson argues that Soma was fly agaric. The active ingredient of Soma is presumed by some to be [[ephedrine]], an alkaloid with stimulant and (somewhat debatable) entheogenic properties derived from the soma plant, identified as ''Ephedra pachyclada''.) However, there are also arguments to suggest that Soma could have also been [[Syrian Rue]], [[Cannabis]], [[Belladonna]] or some combination of any of the above plants.

=== Europe ===

An early entheogen in [[Aegean civilization]], predating the introduction of wine, which was the more familiar entheogen of the reborn [[Dionysus]] and the [[maenad]]s, was fermented honey, known in Northern Europe as [[mead]]; its cult uses in the Aegean world are bound up with the [[Bee (mythology)|mythology of the bee]].

The growth of Roman Christianity also saw the end of the two-thousand-year-old tradition of the [[Eleusinian Mysteries]], the initiation ceremony for the cult of [[Demeter]] and [[Persephone]] involving the use of a substance consistent with an entheogenic known as [[kykeon]] (the term 'Ambrosia' is used in Greek mythology in a way that is remarkably similar to the Soma of the Hindus as well). Similarly, there is some evidence that [[nitrous oxide]] or [[ethylene]] or some other psychoactive may have been in part responsible for the visions of the equally long-lived [[Delphic oracle]] (Hale et al., 2003).

=== Middle East ===

It has been suggested that the ritual use of small amounts of [[Syrian Rue]] is an artifact of its ancient use in higher doses as an entheogen (possibly in conjunction with [[Dimethyltryptamine|DMT]] containing acacia).{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

Philologist [[John Marco Allegro]] has argued in his book ''The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross'' that early Jewish and Christian cultic practice was based on the use of ''[[Amanita muscaria]]'' which was later forgotten by its adherents, and this hypothesis is gaining momentum with the advent of The Internet. Allegro's hypothesis that Amanita use was forgotten after primitive Christianity seems contradicted by his own view that the chapel in Plaincourault shows evidence of Christian Amanita use in the 13th century.<ref name="ref1">
{{cite book
| last = Allegro
| first = John Marco
| year = 1970
| title = The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross: A Study of the Nature and Origins of Christianity within the Fertility Cults of the Ancient Near East
| publisher = Hodder and Stoughton
| isbn = 0-340-12875-5
}}</ref>

=== Oceania ===

[[Indigenous Australians]] are generally thought not to have used entheogens, although there is a strong barrier of secrecy surrounding Aboriginal shamanism, which has likely limited what has been told to outsiders. A plant which the Australian Aboriginals used to ingest is called "Pitcheri", which is said to have a similar effect to that of coca.
"Pitcheri" was made from the bark of the shrub ''Duboisia myoporoides''. This plant is now grown commercially and is processed to manufacture an eye medication.
There are no known uses of entheogens by the [[Māori people|Māori]] of [[New Zealand]] aside from a variant species of Kava.<ref>[http://www.entheology.org/edoto/anmviewer.asp?a=67 Entheology.org]</ref> Natives of [[Papua New Guinea]] are known to use several species of entheogenic mushrooms (''Psilocybe'' spp, ''Boletus manicus'').<ref name="ref2">[http://www.shaman-australis.com/~benjamin-thomas/ Benjamin Thomas Ethnobotany & Anthropology Research Page]</ref>

[[Kava]] or ''Kava Kava'' (''Piper Methysticum'') has been cultivated for at least 3000 years by a number of Pacific island-dwelling peoples. Historically, most [[Polynesian culture|Polynesian]], many [[Melanesian]], and some [[Micronesian]] cultures have ingested the psychoactive pulverized root, typically taking it mixed with water. Much traditional usage of Kava, though somewhat suppressed by Christian missionaries in the 19th and 20th centuries, is thought to facilitate contact with the spirits of the dead, especially relatives and ancestors (Singh 2004).

=== Russia ===

It's widely known that [[Russian culture]] has a great influence of [[Psilocybin mushroom|hallucinogenic mushrooms]]. One of the most widespread species of such mushrooms in [[Russia|Russian territory]] is [[Psilocybe semilanceata]]. Some [[List of Russian historians|historians]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.narkotiki.ru/research_5281.html|title=Drugs in ancient Russia - Research}}</ref> consider that using different '''hallucinogenic mushrooms''' is an integral part of ancient culture of [[Kievan Rus'|Rus']].

==Research==
[[File:Marsh-chapel-window.jpg|thumb|[[Mandala]]-like [[Rose window|round window]] above the altar at [[Boston University|Boston University's]] Marsh Chapel, site of [[Marsh Chapel Experiment]]]]
Notable early testing of the entheogenic experience includes the [[Marsh Chapel Experiment]], conducted by physician and theology doctoral candidate, [[Walter Pahnke]], under the supervision of [[Timothy Leary]] and the [[Harvard Psilocybin Project]]. In this [[double-blind]] experiment, volunteer graduate school divinity students from the Boston area almost all claimed to have had profound religious experiences subsequent to the ingestion of pure [[psilocybin]]. In 2006, a more rigorously controlled experiment was conducted at [[Johns Hopkins University]], and yielded similar results.<ref name="Griffiths" /> To date there is little [[peer review|peer-reviewed research]] on this subject, due to ongoing [[Prohibition (drugs)|drug prohibition]] and the difficulty of getting approval from [[institutional review board]]s.

==Literature==
Many works of literature have described entheogen use; some of those are:
*The substance [[Melange (fictional drug)|melange]] (spice) in [[Frank Herbert]]'s ''[[Dune universe]]'' acts as both an entheogen (in large enough quantities) and an addictive [[geriatric]] medicine. Control of the supply of melange was crucial to the Empire, as it was necessary for, among other things, [[faster than light]] navigation.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}
*Consumption of the imaginary [[mushroom]] ''anochi'' [enoki] as the entheogen underlying the creation of Christianity is the premise of [[Philip K. Dick]]'s last novel, ''[[The Transmigration of Timothy Archer]]'', a theme which seems to be inspired by John Allegro's book.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}
*Aldous Huxley's final novel, ''[[Island (novel)|Island]]'' (1962), depicted a fictional [[psychedelic mushroom|entheogenic mushroom]] — termed "[[moksha]] medicine" — used by the people of Pala in rites of passage, such as the transition to adulthood and at the end of life.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}
*[[Bruce Sterling]]'s ''[[Holy Fire (novel)|Holy Fire]]'' novel refers to the religion in the future as a result of entheogens, used freely by the population.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}
*In [[Stephen King]]'s ''[[The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger]]'', Book 1 of ''[[The Dark Tower (series)|The Dark Tower]]'' series, the main character receives guidance after taking [[mescaline]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}
*The [[Alastair Reynolds]] novel [[Absolution Gap]] features a moon under the control of a religious government which uses neurological viruses to induce religious faith.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}

* Roberts, Thomas B. (editor) (2001). ''Psychoactive Sacramentals: Essays on Entheogens and Religion'' San Francisco: Council on Spiritual Practices.
* Roberts, Thomas B. (2006) "Chemical Input, Religious Output—Entheogens" Chapter 10 in ''Where God and Science Meet: Vol. 3: The Psychology of Religious Experience'' Westport, CT: Praeger/Greenwood.
* Roberts, Thomas, and Hruby, Paula J. (1995–2003). ''Religion and Psychoactive Sacraments: An Entheogen Chrestomathy'' http://www.csp.org/chrestomathy [Online archive]
* Stafford, Peter. (2003). ''Psychedlics''. Ronin Publishing, Oakland, California. ISBN 0-914171-18-6.
* Carl Ruck and Danny Staples, ''The World of Classical Myth'' 1994. [http://www.csp.org/chrestomathy/world_of.html Introductory excerpts]
* [[Huston Smith]], ''Cleansing the Doors of Perception: The Religious Significance of Entheogenic Plants and Chemicals'', 2000, Tarcher/Putnam, ISBN 1-58542-034-4
* [[Giorgio Samorini]] 1995 "Traditional use of psychoactive mushrooms in Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)?" in ''Eleusis'' 1 22-27 (no current url)
* M. Bock 2000 "Māori kava (''Macropiper excelsum'')" in ''Eleusis'' n.s. vol 4 (no current url)
* ''Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing and Hallucinogenic Powers'' by Richard Evans Schultes, Albert Hofmann, Christian Ratsch - ISBN 0-89281-979-0
* John J. McGraw, ''Brain & Belief: An Exploration of the Human Soul'', 2004, AEGIS PRESS, ISBN 0-9747645-0-7
* [http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0009BD34-398C-1F0A-97AE80A84189EEDF J.R. Hale, J.Z. de Boer, J.P. Chanton and H.A. Spiller (2003) Questioning the Delphic Oracle, 2003, Scientific American, vol 289, no 2, 67-73.]
* ''The Sacred Plants of our Ancestors'' by [[Christian Rätsch]], published in [[Tyr (journal)#Volume 2|TYR: Myth—Culture—Tradition Vol. 2]], 2003–2004 - ISBN 0-9720292-1-4
* Yadhu N. Singh, editor, ''Kava: From Ethnology to Pharmacology'', 2004, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-415-32327-4

{{refend}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.erowid.org/ The Vaults of Erowid] ([[Erowid]])
* [http://www.entheogenreview.com Entheogenreview.com] Quarterly publication serving as a clearinghouse for current data about the use of visionary plants and drugs.
* [http://www.csp.org/about.html Council on Spiritual Practices Entheogen Project]
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}}

[[Category:Entheogens|*]]
[[Category:Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants]]
[[Category:Religious behaviour and experience]]
[[Category:Shamanism]]

[[bg:Ентеоген]]
[[cs:Entheogen]]
[[de:Entheogen]]
[[el:Ενθεογενή]]
[[es:Enteógeno]]
[[fr:Enthéogène]]
[[it:Enteogeno]]
[[he:אנתאוגן]]
[[nl:Entheogeen]]
[[no:Enteogen]]
[[pl:Enteogeny]]
[[pt:Enteógeno]]
[[ru:Энтеоген]]
[[sk:Enteogén]]
[[fi:Enteogeeni]]
[[sv:Enteogen]]
[[tr:Entojen]]

Entheogen

2011-09-02T00:01:12Z

Snozzleberry: Created page with "Here be monsters Yar!"

Here be monsters

Yar!

Pure Passion Flower Extraction

2011-04-19T20:44:23Z

Snozzleberry: /* Passiflora incarnata extraction */

{{ShowInfo|[[Image:Note_error.png]]|'''Note:'''|This page is a transcription of drellahcl's Pure Passion Flower Extraction<ref>Pure Passion Flower Extraction by drellahcl
[http://www.dmt-nexus.com/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=4081]</ref>. The content is to remain accurate as such.}}

Hello everyone, I have been working with [[Passiflora incarnata]] for several years and have seen very little information on the web regarding extraction teks. I have used this tek many times with great results and very high yields.

It don't work...

...'nuff said

== Reference ==
<references/>

[[Category:Extraction Tek]]
[[Category:Allies and Associated Alkaloids]]

Marsofold's tek

2011-01-21T16:51:44Z

Snozzleberry: /* UPDATE! Added june 8 (2006?) */

{{ShowInfo|[[Image:Note_error.png]]|'''Note:'''|This page is a transcription of Marsofold's Tek<ref>How to Easily Make DMT[http://dmt-nexus.com/webackup/tek1-marsfolds.htm]</ref>. The content is to remain accurate as such.}}

== How to easily make DMT ==

=== Start ===
Break 1-Pound of Mimosa Hostilis rootbark into 2" pieces and grind it all up in a glass-topped blender, a little at a time.

=== Polar Extraction ===
Premix in an empty 1-Gallon plastic jug: 1-Pint White Vinegar & 3-1/2 Quarts Water. Put the ground up Mimosa in a 3-Liter crockpot, then fill it with the water-vinegar solution.

Stir well and turn it on "high". After 2 hours, remove the crockpot ceramic liner, hold the lid on slightly offset, and pour off most of the liquid into a 1-gallon wide-mouthed glass or stainless container.

Add the remaining water-vinegar solution to the crockpot again. Stir well and turn it on "high". After 2 hours, remove the crockpot ceramic liner, hold the lid on slightly offset, and pour off all of the liquid into the same container again. Discard the rootbark fiber and save the two combined extractions in the 1-gallon container.

Allow the vegetable particles in the extraction in the 1-gallon container to settle to the bottom overnight. Then pour off the liquid into an empty 1-Gallon GLASS wine jug, being careful not to pour off any of the vegetable sludge at the bottom. Discard the sludge and keep the contents of the wine jug.

=== Basification ===
Premix in advance a solution of: 4 Tablespoons (50grams) of Sodium Hydroxide ("Red Devil" lye) with 1-Pint of HOT Water. Stir well. Slowly add this solution to the wine jug, then cap the jug. Gently tilt the wine jug back and forth for 1 full minute to mix the contents.

=== Nonpolar Extraction ===
Add 300ml of (Ace Hardware)VM&P Naptha to the wine jug, then cap the jug. Gently tilt the wine jug back and forth for 3 full minutes to mix the contents. Allow the jug to sit undisturbed on a table for 3 hours.

There should now be two layers visible in the jug, a lower dark one and a smaller clear one on top. Use a glass turkey baster to suck up the top layer into a pint mason jar. Be careful not to suck up any of the lower brown/black layer into the mason jar.

=== Freeze-precipitation/wash ===
place the sealed mason jar in a FREEZER for 3 days to precipitate the crystals. Prepare a filter setup by placing a funnel into a quart mason jar and putting a small coffee filter paper into the funnel.

Shake the naptha in the mason jar strongly to stir up all the crystals at the bottom and quickly pour while still very cold into the funnel for filtering.

Impure yellow-white DMT crystals will be seen on the coffee filter paper. Allow the crystals to completely dry out on the filter paper in the funnel.

====== Ammonia Washing is a dated procedure and it is '''''strongly''''' advised that this step be omitted ======

Chill a bottle of NON-SOAPY clear Ammonium Hydroxide(Ace Hardware Janitorial Strength Ammonia) in a refrigerator. Slowly pour 35ml of the cold ammonia over the crystals (still in the filter paper) to wash them.

Remove the filter paper from the funnel, spread it out flat and allow the crystals to COMPLETELY dry out. You will now have 2-1/2 grams of white crystal DMT. Mix it with some parsley and smoke a little in your favorite pipe!

=== UPDATE! Added june 8 (2006?) ===

Here are some tips for improving the yield:

# Grind the rootbark up to no more than 1mm particle diameter. Less than this will result in decreased yields.
# Use three water-vinegar extractions rather than two. Divide up the water-vinegar mix so that you roughly use 50% for the first extraction, 25% for the second, and 25% for the third extraction. After the last extraction press out the fiber to squeeze the last bit of liquid from it.
# Basify to a ph of 13. If you don't have ph papers, basify till it turns black, then add an additional 25% of whatever amount of basification solution you used. This is to guarantee that you're at a ph of 13. The brown foam you see floating on top of the basified extract after tilting the jug should flatten out to a thickness of no more than 1/2" after 45 minutes or so if you've used enough lye. Add a bit more lye and re-tilt if it's thicker than that.
# Naptha: the freeze-precipitation technique is a double-edged sword. Very convenient and high quality, but highly dependent upon knowing the approximate amount of DMT expected to be precipitated.<br />If you use too much naptha, then only a little bit precipitates out. If you use too little, then it doesn't extract it all out of solution. It is the simplest case of recrystalization. The best way using it if you aren't very sure of the yield is to use a slight excess to extract, then evaporate it down to 10% of the original volume. THEN freeze it.<br />This will pretty much guarantee excellent results. For example: For a pound of rootbark use 500 milliliters of naptha to extract. Then evaporate it down to 50 milliliters. Then freeze it and filter out the crystals. <br />By the way, you must very quickly filter it within a minute or two after removal from the freezer so it doesn't have any time to warm up. And your freezer can't be marginally cold. If it doesn't freeze ice cream HARD,then it isn't cold enough. -20C is about where it should be.

== Reference ==
<references/>

[[Category:Extraction Tek]]
[[Category:Acid/Base]]
[[Category:DMT]]

Marsofold's tek

2011-01-21T16:37:16Z

Snozzleberry: /* Ammonia Washing is a dated procedure and it is strongly advised that this step be omitted */

{{ShowInfo|[[Image:Note_error.png]]|'''Note:'''|This page is a transcription of Marsofold's Tek<ref>How to Easily Make DMT[http://dmt-nexus.com/webackup/tek1-marsfolds.htm]</ref>. The content is to remain accurate as such.}}

== How to easily make DMT ==

=== Start ===
Break 1-Pound of Mimosa Hostilis rootbark into 2" pieces and grind it all up in a glass-topped blender, a little at a time.

=== Polar Extraction ===
Premix in an empty 1-Gallon plastic jug: 1-Pint White Vinegar & 3-1/2 Quarts Water. Put the ground up Mimosa in a 3-Liter crockpot, then fill it with the water-vinegar solution.

Stir well and turn it on "high". After 2 hours, remove the crockpot ceramic liner, hold the lid on slightly offset, and pour off most of the liquid into a 1-gallon wide-mouthed glass or stainless container.

Add the remaining water-vinegar solution to the crockpot again. Stir well and turn it on "high". After 2 hours, remove the crockpot ceramic liner, hold the lid on slightly offset, and pour off all of the liquid into the same container again. Discard the rootbark fiber and save the two combined extractions in the 1-gallon container.

Allow the vegetable particles in the extraction in the 1-gallon container to settle to the bottom overnight. Then pour off the liquid into an empty 1-Gallon GLASS wine jug, being careful not to pour off any of the vegetable sludge at the bottom. Discard the sludge and keep the contents of the wine jug.

=== Basification ===
Premix in advance a solution of: 4 Tablespoons (50grams) of Sodium Hydroxide ("Red Devil" lye) with 1-Pint of HOT Water. Stir well. Slowly add this solution to the wine jug, then cap the jug. Gently tilt the wine jug back and forth for 1 full minute to mix the contents.

=== Nonpolar Extraction ===
Add 300ml of (Ace Hardware)VM&P Naptha to the wine jug, then cap the jug. Gently tilt the wine jug back and forth for 3 full minutes to mix the contents. Allow the jug to sit undisturbed on a table for 3 hours.

There should now be two layers visible in the jug, a lower dark one and a smaller clear one on top. Use a glass turkey baster to suck up the top layer into a pint mason jar. Be careful not to suck up any of the lower brown/black layer into the mason jar.

=== Freeze-precipitation/wash ===
place the sealed mason jar in a FREEZER for 3 days to precipitate the crystals. Prepare a filter setup by placing a funnel into a quart mason jar and putting a small coffee filter paper into the funnel.

Shake the naptha in the mason jar strongly to stir up all the crystals at the bottom and quickly pour while still very cold into the funnel for filtering.

Impure yellow-white DMT crystals will be seen on the coffee filter paper. Allow the crystals to completely dry out on the filter paper in the funnel.

====== Ammonia Washing is a dated procedure and it is '''''strongly''''' advised that this step be omitted ======

Chill a bottle of NON-SOAPY clear Ammonium Hydroxide(Ace Hardware Janitorial Strength Ammonia) in a refrigerator. Slowly pour 35ml of the cold ammonia over the crystals (still in the filter paper) to wash them.

Remove the filter paper from the funnel, spread it out flat and allow the crystals to COMPLETELY dry out. You will now have 2-1/2 grams of white crystal DMT. Mix it with some parsley and smoke a little in your favorite pipe!

=== UPDATE! Added june 8 (2006?) ===

Here are some tips for improving the yield:

# Grind the rootbark up to no more than 1mm particle diameter. Less than this will result in decreased yields.
# Use three water-vinegar extractions rather than two. Divide up the water-vinegar mix so that you roughly use 50% for the first extraction, 25% for the second, and 25% for the third extraction. After the last extraction press out the fiber to squeeze the last bit of liquid from it.
# Basify to a ph of 13. If you don't have ph papers, basify till it turns black, then add an additional 25% of whatever amount of basification solution you used. This is to guarantee that you're at a ph of 13. The brown foam you see floating on top of the basified extract after tilting the jug should flatten out to a thickness of no more than 1/2" after 45 minutes or so if you've used enough lye. Add a bit more lye and re-tilt if it's thicker than that.
# Naptha: the freeze-precipitation technique is a double-edged sword. Very convenient and high quality, but highly dependent upon knowing the approximate amount of DMT expected to be precipitated.<br />If you use too much naptha, then only a little bit precipitates out. If you use too little, then it doesn't extract it all out of solution. It is the simplest case of recrystalization. The best way using it if you aren't very sure of the yield is to use a slight excess to extract, then evaporate it down to 10% of the original volume. THEN freeze it.<br />This will pretty much guarantee excellent results. For example: For a pound of rootbark use 500 milliliters of naptha to extract. Then evaporate it down to 50 milliliters. Then freeze it and filter out the crystals. <br />By the way, you must very quickly filter it within a minute or two after removal from the freezer so it doesn't have any time to warm up. And your freezer can't be marginally cold. If it doesn't freeze ice cream HARD,then it isn't cold enough. -20C is about where it should be.
# Washing: Be sure that the crystals are absolutely DRY before washing. An alternative to the ammonia-water wash is to use 25 milliliters of ICE COLD distilled water to wash

== Reference ==
<references/>

[[Category:Extraction Tek]]
[[Category:Acid/Base]]
[[Category:DMT]]

Marsofold's tek

2011-01-21T16:36:52Z

Snozzleberry: /* Freeze-precipitation/wash */

{{ShowInfo|[[Image:Note_error.png]]|'''Note:'''|This page is a transcription of Marsofold's Tek<ref>How to Easily Make DMT[http://dmt-nexus.com/webackup/tek1-marsfolds.htm]</ref>. The content is to remain accurate as such.}}

== How to easily make DMT ==

=== Start ===
Break 1-Pound of Mimosa Hostilis rootbark into 2" pieces and grind it all up in a glass-topped blender, a little at a time.

=== Polar Extraction ===
Premix in an empty 1-Gallon plastic jug: 1-Pint White Vinegar & 3-1/2 Quarts Water. Put the ground up Mimosa in a 3-Liter crockpot, then fill it with the water-vinegar solution.

Stir well and turn it on "high". After 2 hours, remove the crockpot ceramic liner, hold the lid on slightly offset, and pour off most of the liquid into a 1-gallon wide-mouthed glass or stainless container.

Add the remaining water-vinegar solution to the crockpot again. Stir well and turn it on "high". After 2 hours, remove the crockpot ceramic liner, hold the lid on slightly offset, and pour off all of the liquid into the same container again. Discard the rootbark fiber and save the two combined extractions in the 1-gallon container.

Allow the vegetable particles in the extraction in the 1-gallon container to settle to the bottom overnight. Then pour off the liquid into an empty 1-Gallon GLASS wine jug, being careful not to pour off any of the vegetable sludge at the bottom. Discard the sludge and keep the contents of the wine jug.

=== Basification ===
Premix in advance a solution of: 4 Tablespoons (50grams) of Sodium Hydroxide ("Red Devil" lye) with 1-Pint of HOT Water. Stir well. Slowly add this solution to the wine jug, then cap the jug. Gently tilt the wine jug back and forth for 1 full minute to mix the contents.

=== Nonpolar Extraction ===
Add 300ml of (Ace Hardware)VM&P Naptha to the wine jug, then cap the jug. Gently tilt the wine jug back and forth for 3 full minutes to mix the contents. Allow the jug to sit undisturbed on a table for 3 hours.

There should now be two layers visible in the jug, a lower dark one and a smaller clear one on top. Use a glass turkey baster to suck up the top layer into a pint mason jar. Be careful not to suck up any of the lower brown/black layer into the mason jar.

=== Freeze-precipitation/wash ===
place the sealed mason jar in a FREEZER for 3 days to precipitate the crystals. Prepare a filter setup by placing a funnel into a quart mason jar and putting a small coffee filter paper into the funnel.

Shake the naptha in the mason jar strongly to stir up all the crystals at the bottom and quickly pour while still very cold into the funnel for filtering.

Impure yellow-white DMT crystals will be seen on the coffee filter paper. Allow the crystals to completely dry out on the filter paper in the funnel.

====== Ammonia Washing is a dated procedure and it is ''strongly'' advised that this step be omitted ======

Chill a bottle of NON-SOAPY clear Ammonium Hydroxide(Ace Hardware Janitorial Strength Ammonia) in a refrigerator. Slowly pour 35ml of the cold ammonia over the crystals (still in the filter paper) to wash them.

Remove the filter paper from the funnel, spread it out flat and allow the crystals to COMPLETELY dry out. You will now have 2-1/2 grams of white crystal DMT. Mix it with some parsley and smoke a little in your favorite pipe!

=== UPDATE! Added june 8 (2006?) ===

Here are some tips for improving the yield:

# Grind the rootbark up to no more than 1mm particle diameter. Less than this will result in decreased yields.
# Use three water-vinegar extractions rather than two. Divide up the water-vinegar mix so that you roughly use 50% for the first extraction, 25% for the second, and 25% for the third extraction. After the last extraction press out the fiber to squeeze the last bit of liquid from it.
# Basify to a ph of 13. If you don't have ph papers, basify till it turns black, then add an additional 25% of whatever amount of basification solution you used. This is to guarantee that you're at a ph of 13. The brown foam you see floating on top of the basified extract after tilting the jug should flatten out to a thickness of no more than 1/2" after 45 minutes or so if you've used enough lye. Add a bit more lye and re-tilt if it's thicker than that.
# Naptha: the freeze-precipitation technique is a double-edged sword. Very convenient and high quality, but highly dependent upon knowing the approximate amount of DMT expected to be precipitated.<br />If you use too much naptha, then only a little bit precipitates out. If you use too little, then it doesn't extract it all out of solution. It is the simplest case of recrystalization. The best way using it if you aren't very sure of the yield is to use a slight excess to extract, then evaporate it down to 10% of the original volume. THEN freeze it.<br />This will pretty much guarantee excellent results. For example: For a pound of rootbark use 500 milliliters of naptha to extract. Then evaporate it down to 50 milliliters. Then freeze it and filter out the crystals. <br />By the way, you must very quickly filter it within a minute or two after removal from the freezer so it doesn't have any time to warm up. And your freezer can't be marginally cold. If it doesn't freeze ice cream HARD,then it isn't cold enough. -20C is about where it should be.
# Washing: Be sure that the crystals are absolutely DRY before washing. An alternative to the ammonia-water wash is to use 25 milliliters of ICE COLD distilled water to wash

== Reference ==
<references/>

[[Category:Extraction Tek]]
[[Category:Acid/Base]]
[[Category:DMT]]