DMT-Nexus Wiki - User contributions [en]

Acacia confusa

2015-03-02T15:41:21Z

Jonmayer:

<onlyinclude>
{{botanics_info|image:Acacia confusa.jpg|Acacia confusa|
* N-methyltryptamine, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine-N-oxide (Buchanan MS, Carroll AR, Pass D, Quinn RJ. ''NMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa,'' Magn Reson Chem. 2007 Apr; 45(4):359-61, [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/114123856/PDFSTART online text])}}
</onlyinclude>

== General Plant Info ==

'''Acacia confusa''' is a perennial tree native to South-East Asia and containing high concentrations of psychoactive tryptamines in its root bark. It appears attractive for use in ayahuasca analogs<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/ayahuasca_apa/aya_sec3_part2_admixture_acacia_unclear.shtml ''Seemingly promising Acacia species lacking bioassay reports''] in ''Ayahuasca: alkaloids, plants & analogs'' by Keeper of the Trout </ref>, though at this point, experience with such preparations remains limited.
Some local names include '''Acacia Petit Feuille''', '''Small Philippine Acacia''', '''Formosa Acacia''' (Taiwan Acacia) and '''Formosan Koa'''. The tree has become very common in many tropical Pacific areas, including Hawaii, where the species is considered invasive.<ref>[http://www.hear.org/Pier/wra/pacific/acacia_confusa_htmlwra.htm Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)]</ref>

== Geographic distribution ==
[[File:confusa-worldmap.jpg]]

== Identification ==

== Alkaloid content ==

===Root bark===
*N-methyltryptamine, 1.43%<ref name="lyc">[http://users.lycaeum.org/~mulga/acacia/confusaphy.html Lycaeum]</ref>
*N,N-dimethyltryptamine|N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 1.15% (Liu et al 1977 ref. Trout's Notes)

[[File:Acaciaconfusaroot.jpg|600px]]

===Stems===
*N-methyltryptamine, 0.04%<ref name="lyc" />
*N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 0.01% (Arthur et al 1967 ref. Trout's notes)

[[File:Acaciaconfusastem.jpg|600px]]

===Phyllodes===
No alkaloids are found in the phyllodes (leaf-like structures).<ref name="lyc" />

===Seeds===
*Neurolathryogen, i.e. [http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?compound+C04209 α-amino-β-oxalylaminopropionic acid], which can cause neurological damage, paralysis and death.<ref name="lyc" />

The seeds are considered poisonous and reported to cause headache upon ingestion. <ref>[http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/local/nature/e/se/se1a08.htm edu.ocac.gov.tw]</ref>

Little research has been done, but successful ayahuasca preparations<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=85507 Erowid Report]</ref><ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/18291069/A-Guide-to-Brewing-Asian-Ayahuasca- A Guide to Brewing Asian Ayahuasca]</ref> and '''direct oral activity'''<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=85253 Erowid Report]</ref><ref>[http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=12190 Acacia confusa and Formosahuasca at the DMT-Nexus forum]</ref> using the root bark (and possibly, ordinary bark) have been reported.

Ayahuasca analogs prepared with Acacia confusa root bark are known as [[Formosahuasca]] (after ''Formosa acacia'', i.e., the beautiful acacia, presumably after ''Ilha Formosa'', i.e., the beautiful island, the original Portuguese name for Taiwan), or alternatively as Chinahuasca or Asian Ayahuasca.

The psychoactive tryptamines extracted from Acacia confusa are described in a number of publications. <ref>Arthur, H.R., Loo, S.N. & Lamberton, J.A. Nb-methylated tryptamines and other constituents of Acacia confusa Merr. of Hong Kong. Aust. J Chem. 20 (1967) 811 [http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=CH9670811.pdf online text]; Lee, T.H. and Chou, C.H. ''Flavonoid aglycones and indole alkaloids from the roots of Acacia confusa'', Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 47 (2000) 1287-1290, [http://proj3.sinica.edu.tw/~chem/servxx6/files/paper_11602_1269499169.pdf online text]; Buchanan MS, Carroll AR, Pass D, Quinn RJ. ''NMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa,'' Magn Reson Chem. 2007 Apr; 45(4):359-61, [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/114123856/PDFSTART online text]</ref>

== Other uses ==

The plant is considered medicinal in Taiwan.<ref>Li, Thomas S. C. ''Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values'', CRC Press (2006), ISBN: 0849392497, p.2. [http://books.google.com/books?id=cAYXHeEPdB0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false online GoogleBooks preview] [http://www.fk.uwks.ac.id/elib/Arsip/E-Library/e-book/FARMAKOLOGI%20-%20PHARMACOLOGY/Taiwanese%20Native%20Medicinal%20Plants%20-%20Phytopharmacology%20and%20Therapeutic%20Values.pdf full text]</ref> (The same publication reports it as toxic, without providing further details.)

Online excerpts from Chinese medicine books (precise references are not given) state that the root can be used for detoxification, treating larynx and windpipe inflammation and liver disorders. (Original Chinese text: [http://www.tcmclub.com/index.php/thread/view/id-284 根有清热解毒、解暑发表的功能。可用于治疗咽喉肿痛，黄疸性肝炎及慢性气管炎等。])

Positive outcome has been reported for applications of Acacia confusa bark extract to combat the liver toxicity of carbon tetrachloride in rats. <ref>Tung, Y.-T., Wu, J.-H., Huang, C.-C., Peng, H.-C., Chen, Y.-L., Yang, S.-C., Chang, S. T. ''Protective effect of Acacia confusa bark extract and its active compound gallic acid against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury in rats'', Food and Chemical Toxicology 47 (2009) 1385–1392, [http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/177279/1/02.pdf online text]</ref> Goat foraging on the plant has been observed. <ref>K. Hagstrom, M. L. Christiansen and E. R. Cleveland. ''Plants in Hawaii that are eaten by goats'', J. Haw. Pac. Agri. 4 (1993) 101-105, [http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/academics/cafnrm/research/documents/J_Haw_13_000.pdf online text] </ref>

== Extraction ==

== Cultivation ==

== Suppliers ==

1) BeautifulAcacia a global supplier based in the USA of powdered, whole, and chipped (Hawaiian and Taiwanese) root bark and trunk bark.

2) The tree is very common in Taiwan, where its local name is 相思樹 (which amusingly translates as "thinking-of-each-other tree").

3) The root (相思樹根) has some limited use in traditional medicine, externally and perhaps internally for liver disease.

4) The root does not seem to be carried by Chinese medicine stores (中藥店), but it is carried by "herbal medicine stores" (草藥店 or 青草店), though not every store would have it, since the demand is low.

5) There is a huge conglomeration of these herbal shops next to Longshan temple (龍山寺) in Taipei, where fresh root can be purchased (as of April 2010, 150 Taiwan dollars, roughly $5, for 600g, with 1 day pre-order needed). The bark can be easily separated from the fresh root.

== Links ==

*[http://www.beautifulacacia.com/ Acacia confusa supplier in the U.S.]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_confusa Acacia confusa on Wikipedia]
*[http://sowhc.sow.org.tw/html/observation/eighteen/plant/every/01shang-si/shang-si.htm Photographs of the different parts of the plant]
*[http://www.erowid.org/plants/acacia/acacia.shtml Erowid Acacia vault]
*[https://www.facebook.com/acaciaconfusa54?fref=ts A group in Taiwan conducting ayahuasca sessions using Acacia confusa]
*[http://www.realitysandwich.com/new_psychedelic_root_discovered Reality Sandwich]

== References ==

{{Page Footer|Botanicals|DMT Containing Plants}}

Acacia confusa

2015-03-02T15:38:41Z

Jonmayer:

<onlyinclude>
{{botanics_info|image:Acacia confusa.jpg|Acacia confusa|
* N-methyltryptamine, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine-N-oxide (Buchanan MS, Carroll AR, Pass D, Quinn RJ. ''NMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa,'' Magn Reson Chem. 2007 Apr; 45(4):359-61, [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/114123856/PDFSTART online text])}}
</onlyinclude>

== General Plant Info ==

'''Acacia confusa''' is a perennial tree native to South-East Asia and containing high concentrations of psychoactive tryptamines in its root bark. It appears attractive for use in ayahuasca analogs<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/ayahuasca_apa/aya_sec3_part2_admixture_acacia_unclear.shtml ''Seemingly promising Acacia species lacking bioassay reports''] in ''Ayahuasca: alkaloids, plants & analogs'' by Keeper of the Trout </ref>, though at this point, experience with such preparations remains limited.
Some local names include '''Acacia Petit Feuille''', '''Small Philippine Acacia''', '''Formosa Acacia''' (Taiwan Acacia) and '''Formosan Koa'''. The tree has become very common in many tropical Pacific areas, including Hawaii, where the species is considered invasive.<ref>[http://www.hear.org/Pier/wra/pacific/acacia_confusa_htmlwra.htm Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)]</ref>

== Geographic distribution ==
[[File:confusa-worldmap.jpg]]

== Identification ==

== Alkaloid content ==

===Root bark===
*N-methyltryptamine, 1.43%<ref name="lyc">[http://users.lycaeum.org/~mulga/acacia/confusaphy.html Lycaeum]</ref>
*N,N-dimethyltryptamine|N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 1.15% (Liu et al 1977 ref. Trout's Notes)

[[File:Acaciaconfusaroot.jpg|600px]]

===Stems===
*N-methyltryptamine, 0.04%<ref name="lyc" />
*N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 0.01% (Arthur et al 1967 ref. Trout's notes)

[[File:Acaciaconfusastem.jpg|600px]]

===Phyllodes===
No alkaloids are found in the phyllodes (leaf-like structures).<ref name="lyc" />

===Seeds===
*Neurolathryogen, i.e. [http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?compound+C04209 α-amino-β-oxalylaminopropionic acid], which can cause neurological damage, paralysis and death.<ref name="lyc" />

The seeds are considered poisonous and reported to cause headache upon ingestion. <ref>[http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/local/nature/e/se/se1a08.htm edu.ocac.gov.tw]</ref>

Little research has been done, but successful ayahuasca preparations<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=85507 Erowid Report]</ref><ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/18291069/A-Guide-to-Brewing-Asian-Ayahuasca- A Guide to Brewing Asian Ayahuasca]</ref> and '''direct oral activity'''<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/experiences/exp.php?ID=85253 Erowid Report]</ref><ref>[http://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=12190 Acacia confusa and Formosahuasca at the DMT-Nexus forum]</ref> using the root bark (and possibly, ordinary bark) have been reported.

Ayahuasca analogs prepared with Acacia confusa root bark are known as [[Formosahuasca]] (after ''Formosa acacia'', i.e., the beautiful acacia, presumably after ''Ilha Formosa'', i.e., the beautiful island, the original Portuguese name for Taiwan), or alternatively as Chinahuasca or Asian Ayahuasca.

The psychoactive tryptamines extracted from Acacia confusa are described in a number of publications. <ref>Arthur, H.R., Loo, S.N. & Lamberton, J.A. Nb-methylated tryptamines and other constituents of Acacia confusa Merr. of Hong Kong. Aust. J Chem. 20 (1967) 811 [http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=CH9670811.pdf online text]; Lee, T.H. and Chou, C.H. ''Flavonoid aglycones and indole alkaloids from the roots of Acacia confusa'', Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 47 (2000) 1287-1290, [http://proj3.sinica.edu.tw/~chem/servxx6/files/paper_11602_1269499169.pdf online text]; Buchanan MS, Carroll AR, Pass D, Quinn RJ. ''NMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa,'' Magn Reson Chem. 2007 Apr; 45(4):359-61, [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/114123856/PDFSTART online text]</ref>

== Other uses ==

The plant is considered medicinal in Taiwan.<ref>Li, Thomas S. C. ''Taiwanese Native Medicinal Plants: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values'', CRC Press (2006), ISBN: 0849392497, p.2. [http://books.google.com/books?id=cAYXHeEPdB0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false online GoogleBooks preview] [http://www.fk.uwks.ac.id/elib/Arsip/E-Library/e-book/FARMAKOLOGI%20-%20PHARMACOLOGY/Taiwanese%20Native%20Medicinal%20Plants%20-%20Phytopharmacology%20and%20Therapeutic%20Values.pdf full text]</ref> (The same publication reports it as toxic, without providing further details.)

Online excerpts from Chinese medicine books (precise references are not given) state that the root can be used for detoxification, treating larynx and windpipe inflammation and liver disorders. (Original Chinese text: [http://www.tcmclub.com/index.php/thread/view/id-284 根有清热解毒、解暑发表的功能。可用于治疗咽喉肿痛，黄疸性肝炎及慢性气管炎等。])

Positive outcome has been reported for applications of Acacia confusa bark extract to combat the liver toxicity of carbon tetrachloride in rats. <ref>Tung, Y.-T., Wu, J.-H., Huang, C.-C., Peng, H.-C., Chen, Y.-L., Yang, S.-C., Chang, S. T. ''Protective effect of Acacia confusa bark extract and its active compound gallic acid against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury in rats'', Food and Chemical Toxicology 47 (2009) 1385–1392, [http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/177279/1/02.pdf online text]</ref> Goat foraging on the plant has been observed. <ref>K. Hagstrom, M. L. Christiansen and E. R. Cleveland. ''Plants in Hawaii that are eaten by goats'', J. Haw. Pac. Agri. 4 (1993) 101-105, [http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/academics/cafnrm/research/documents/J_Haw_13_000.pdf online text] </ref>

== Extraction ==

== Cultivation ==

== Suppliers ==

1) BeautifulAcacia a global supplier based in the USA of powdered, whole, and chipped (Hawaiian and Taiwanese) root bark and trunk bark.

2) The tree is very common in Taiwan, where its local name is 相思樹 (which amusingly translates as "thinking-of-each-other tree").

3) The root (相思樹根) has some limited use in traditional medicine, externally and perhaps internally for liver disease.

4) The root does not seem to be carried by Chinese medicine stores (中藥店), but it is carried by "herbal medicine stores" (草藥店 or 青草店), though not every store would have it, since the demand is low.

5) There is a huge conglomeration of these herbal shops next to Longshan temple (龍山寺) in Taipei, where fresh root can be purchased (as of April 2010, 150 Taiwan dollars, roughly $5, for 600g, with 1 day pre-order needed). The bark can be easily separated from the fresh root.

== Links ==

*[http://www.beautifulacacia.com/Acacia_confusa Acacia confusa supplier in the U.S.]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_confusa Acacia confusa on Wikipedia]
*[http://sowhc.sow.org.tw/html/observation/eighteen/plant/every/01shang-si/shang-si.htm Photographs of the different parts of the plant]
*[http://www.erowid.org/plants/acacia/acacia.shtml Erowid Acacia vault]
*[https://www.facebook.com/acaciaconfusa54?fref=ts A group in Taiwan conducting ayahuasca sessions using Acacia confusa]
*[http://www.realitysandwich.com/new_psychedelic_root_discovered Reality Sandwich]

== References ==

{{Page Footer|Botanicals|DMT Containing Plants}}