https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Historian 2026-06-07T01:29:21Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.22.1 https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Yuremamine 2024-07-15T10:30:16Z

<p>Historian: /* Brief overview - What is Yuremamine? */</p> <hr /> <div>== Brief overview - What is Yuremamine? ==<br /> Yuremamine was discovered in 2005 in the bark of ''Mimosa hostillis'' (tenuiflora). It was though to be an indole alkaloid, but is structure was slightly revised in 2015 and it is now classed as a flavo-alkaloid (Sperry and Calvert)<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> Breaks down with heat, basic conditions (Callaway)<br /> (possibly acidic solutions too?)<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> == Plants containing Yuremamine ==<br /> ''Mimosa tenuiflora'', - syn. [[Mimosa hostilis]], also known as jurema preta, calumbi (Brazil), tepezcohuite (México), carbonal, cabrera, jurema, black jurema, and binho de jurema<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> For extracting yuremamine, only a cold soak will work. Cold alcoholic soak or a cold water soak should separate yuremamine and other alkaloids from most plant material. This results in a brew that is active orally without a MAOI<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> == History of usage ==<br /> <br /> == Analysis of Yuremamine ==<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> ''Bioinspired Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Yuremamine, an Alkaloid from the Entheogenic Plant Mimosa tenuiflora'', Jonathan Sperry &amp; Matthew B Calvert, Chemical Communications 51(28)<br /> March 2015 [DOI:10.1039/C5CC00380]<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Yuremamine 2024-07-15T10:29:25Z

<p>Historian: /* Plants containing Yuremamine */</p> <hr /> <div>== Brief overview - What is Yuremamine? ==<br /> Yuremamine was discovered in 2005 in the bark of ''Mimosa hostillis'' (tenuiflora). It was though to be an indole alkaloid, but is structure was slightly revised in 2015 and it is now classed as a flavo-alkaloid.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> Breaks down with heat, basic conditions (Callaway)<br /> (possibly acidic solutions too?)<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> == Plants containing Yuremamine ==<br /> ''Mimosa tenuiflora'', - syn. [[Mimosa hostilis]], also known as jurema preta, calumbi (Brazil), tepezcohuite (México), carbonal, cabrera, jurema, black jurema, and binho de jurema<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> For extracting yuremamine, only a cold soak will work. Cold alcoholic soak or a cold water soak should separate yuremamine and other alkaloids from most plant material. This results in a brew that is active orally without a MAOI<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> == History of usage ==<br /> <br /> == Analysis of Yuremamine ==<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> ''Bioinspired Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Yuremamine, an Alkaloid from the Entheogenic Plant Mimosa tenuiflora'', Jonathan Sperry &amp; Matthew B Calvert, Chemical Communications 51(28)<br /> March 2015 [DOI:10.1039/C5CC00380]<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Yuremamine 2024-07-15T10:28:09Z

<p>Historian: /* Scientific publications */</p> <hr /> <div>== Brief overview - What is Yuremamine? ==<br /> Yuremamine was discovered in 2005 in the bark of ''Mimosa hostillis'' (tenuiflora). It was though to be an indole alkaloid, but is structure was slightly revised in 2015 and it is now classed as a flavo-alkaloid.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> Breaks down with heat, basic conditions (Callaway)<br /> (possibly acidic solutions too?)<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> == Plants containing Yuremamine ==<br /> [['''Mimosa tenuiflora''']], - syn. Mimosa hostilis, also known as jurema preta, calumbi (Brazil), tepezcohuite (México), carbonal, cabrera, jurema, black jurema, and binho de jurema<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> For extracting yuremamine, only a cold soak will work. Cold alcoholic soak or a cold water soak should separate yuremamine and other alkaloids from most plant material. This results in a brew that is active orally without a MAOI<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> == History of usage ==<br /> <br /> == Analysis of Yuremamine ==<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> ''Bioinspired Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Yuremamine, an Alkaloid from the Entheogenic Plant Mimosa tenuiflora'', Jonathan Sperry &amp; Matthew B Calvert, Chemical Communications 51(28)<br /> March 2015 [DOI:10.1039/C5CC00380]<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Yuremamine 2024-07-15T10:27:35Z

<p>Historian: /* Brief overview - What is Yuremamine? */</p> <hr /> <div>== Brief overview - What is Yuremamine? ==<br /> Yuremamine was discovered in 2005 in the bark of ''Mimosa hostillis'' (tenuiflora). It was though to be an indole alkaloid, but is structure was slightly revised in 2015 and it is now classed as a flavo-alkaloid.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> Breaks down with heat, basic conditions (Callaway)<br /> (possibly acidic solutions too?)<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> == Plants containing Yuremamine ==<br /> [['''Mimosa tenuiflora''']], - syn. Mimosa hostilis, also known as jurema preta, calumbi (Brazil), tepezcohuite (México), carbonal, cabrera, jurema, black jurema, and binho de jurema<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> For extracting yuremamine, only a cold soak will work. Cold alcoholic soak or a cold water soak should separate yuremamine and other alkaloids from most plant material. This results in a brew that is active orally without a MAOI<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> == History of usage ==<br /> <br /> == Analysis of Yuremamine ==<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Yuremamine 2024-07-15T10:27:05Z

<p>Historian: /* Brief overview - What is Yuremamine? */</p> <hr /> <div>== Brief overview - What is Yuremamine? ==<br /> Yuremamine was discovered in 2005 in the bark of ''Mimosa hostillis'' (tenuiflora). It was though to be an indole alkaloid, but is structure was slightly revised in 2015 and it is now classed as a flavo-alkaloid [ref]Bioinspired Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Yuremamine, an Alkaloid from the Entheogenic Plant Mimosa tenuiflora, Jonathan Sperry &amp; Matthew B Calvert, Chemical Communications 51(28)<br /> March 2015 DOI:10.1039/C5CC00380 [/ref]<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> Breaks down with heat, basic conditions (Callaway)<br /> (possibly acidic solutions too?)<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> == Plants containing Yuremamine ==<br /> [['''Mimosa tenuiflora''']], - syn. Mimosa hostilis, also known as jurema preta, calumbi (Brazil), tepezcohuite (México), carbonal, cabrera, jurema, black jurema, and binho de jurema<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> For extracting yuremamine, only a cold soak will work. Cold alcoholic soak or a cold water soak should separate yuremamine and other alkaloids from most plant material. This results in a brew that is active orally without a MAOI<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> == History of usage ==<br /> <br /> == Analysis of Yuremamine ==<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Yuremamine 2024-07-15T10:24:28Z

<p>Historian: /* Brief overview - What is Yuremamine? */</p> <hr /> <div>== Brief overview - What is Yuremamine? ==<br /> Yuremamine was discovered in 2005 in the bark of ''Mimosa hostillis'' (tenuiflora). It was though to be an indole alkaloid, but is structure was slightly revised in 2015 and it is now classed as a flavo-alkaloid.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> Breaks down with heat, basic conditions (Callaway)<br /> (possibly acidic solutions too?)<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> == Plants containing Yuremamine ==<br /> [['''Mimosa tenuiflora''']], - syn. Mimosa hostilis, also known as jurema preta, calumbi (Brazil), tepezcohuite (México), carbonal, cabrera, jurema, black jurema, and binho de jurema<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> For extracting yuremamine, only a cold soak will work. Cold alcoholic soak or a cold water soak should separate yuremamine and other alkaloids from most plant material. This results in a brew that is active orally without a MAOI<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> == History of usage ==<br /> <br /> == Analysis of Yuremamine ==<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Gramine 2024-07-15T10:10:56Z

<p>Historian: /* What is gramine */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:graminefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is gramine ==<br /> <br /> * Gramine is an indole alkaloid present in some plants such as Phalaris, Phargmites, and Arundo spp. It has been previously claimed to be potentially toxic, however recent evidence shows it to have very low toxicity (relative to other alkaloids such as tryptamines) and to have potential antimutagenic effects. It is found most commonly in ''Avena sativa'' (Oats). &lt;ref&gt;''Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays'', Manash Pratim Pathak et al. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2018 Apr. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28523965/ &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/phalaris-project.362215/post-3873447&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Gramine (''3-(dimethylaminomethyl)-indole'') properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Gramine]<br /> <br /> == Extractions ==<br /> <br /> Gramine is not soluble in naphtha or petroleum ether, therefore extractions using these solvents will not contain gramine. It is soluble in ethanol.<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=295867#post295867 Gramine and other alkaloid's Rf for TLC and column chromatography]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/NMT 2024-05-29T16:08:51Z

<p>Historian: /* Acacia spp. */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> [[Image:Nmt.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''NMT Molecule'']]<br /> <br /> == Brief overview - What is NMT? ==<br /> <br /> NMT is a tryptamine found in several plants, previously thought to be inactive, but novel research done by [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Nen888] has shown it to be psychoactive.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> For solubility, melting point, etc, check the [[Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties#NMT|NMT Chemical and Physical Properties]] WIKI<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> DMT Nexus user reports:<br /> <br /> * 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT. A slower onset than DMT, coming up after about 3-5 minutes and peaking within a minute, with residual low effects over an hour to 70 minutes thereafter. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=269093#post269093 Nen (2001)])<br /> <br /> * A higher body load and lower visual and mental activity than DMT. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=51413 Arcologist])<br /> <br /> * Further info: [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml TIHKAL NMT entry]<br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Entheogenic Effects of NMT]<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> *Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763413 Source])<br /> <br /> == Plants containing NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Acacia albida]] (Faidherbia albida)<br /> * Possible but unconfirmed presence. Detected· in Fall 1993, Spring, Summer, Fall 1994 and Spring 1995; tlc by Appleseed.<br /> <br /> [[Acacia confusa]] <br /> * Unspecified amount in bark. Lou et al. 1965<br /> * 1.43% in (dried?) root-bark Liu et at. 1977 (55.25% of total alkaloid) Root bark total alkaloid content was 2.58%<br /> * 0.04% in dried stem Arthur et at. 1967 (8.8 kg. of stems yielded 3.1 gm. NMT &amp; 1.3 gm. DMT.)<br /> * 0.8 - 2.3% in bark, DMT-Nexus analysis 2014, 2023 (Acacia Analysis Thread)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia maidenii]]<br /> * 0.24% in dry bark. Fitzgerald &amp; Sioumis 1965.<br /> * [Tentative positive in roots as the major alkaloid. (unconfirmed) tlc by Appleseed 1994) (2 year old seed grown plants)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia obtusifolia]]<br /> * Suspected to co-occur with DMT (tlc by Appleseed).<br /> *Mulga hplc-ms observed what appeared to be a simple tryptamine but was unclear if the identity was this alkaloid or tryptamine as the parent fragments seemed to be lacking(Trout's Notes on Acacias 2004)<br /> *60% of total alkaloid in common form - D. Siebert 1997; southern Cross Uni. 2000 cited by Nen<br /> <br /> [[Acacia rigidula]]<br /> *4.6 ppm in early spring/54.9 ppm in late fall. Fresh leaves, petioles &amp; tender twigs. Clement et al. 1998<br /> <br /> [[Acacia simplicifolia]] [=A. simplex]<br /> *1.44% in bark and 0.29% in twigs. <br /> * Stem bark has 3.6% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (40% of total)<br /> * Twigs have 0.11% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (26.3% of total). Poupat et al. 1976 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Anadenanthera spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Anadenanthera peregrina]]<br /> * No.24625; Origin: Boa Vista, Brazil]. -Traces in dry bark. (Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes)<br /> * Bark of Brazilian material (as Piptadenia). Legler &amp; Tschesche 1963 reported a mixture of 5-MeO-NMT and NMT as comprising 41% of the crude base.<br /> * as Piptadenia peregrina bark (Colombia in 1956). (Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Arthrophytum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum leptocladum]] M.Popov (Thin -stemmed Haloxyton)<br /> * 0.575% by dry weight in 1 year old Green shoots (Flowering stage) (3.7% total alkaloid content; Major alkaloid. Cooccurring with 2 b-carbolines.) Platonova el at. 1958. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * In leaf and stem. Smith 1977b cited Yurashevski 1941 Zhur. Obsch.Chem. 11:157 and Rousseau et al. 1966 Bull.Soc.Pharm.Nancy 71:31<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum wackchanica]] [A. wakhanicum?J<br /> * Smith 1977b cited Orekhov 1955 ref <br /> <br /> === Calycanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> Calycanthus has been listed as containing NMT. This is probably in error. Manske 1931a &amp; 193lc reported NMT as a degradation product of Calycanthine. Unable to locate any reference indicating its actual presence.<br /> <br /> === Delosperma spp. ===<br /> <br /> Presence of MMT in Delosperma spp. is unproven, except for the unpublished data involving work done by the Smith, Kline &amp; French Laboratories. (Cited by Raffauf 1970). Smith 1977b cited Rivier &amp; Pilet 1971 and Deulofeu 1973. Both had cited Raffauf 1970.<br /> <br /> * Assays by Appleseed 1994- 1996 ref Trout's Notes:<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma acuminatum]]<br /> * Faint. Sept., Nov. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma brittenae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma cooperi]]<br /> * Sept. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's and Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hallii]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma harazianum]]<br /> * Audhali Plateau, Yemen Nov. 1995 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hirtum]]<br /> * Dec. 94 (Ehrlichs) Nov. 95 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma klinghardtianum]]<br /> * Nov. and Dec. assays. Sole base present. (Xanthydrol and Ehrlich's) Not seen Sept. 96 assay.<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma litorale]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma pageanum]]<br /> * Same plant tested Christmas 1994) 2 Nov. 1995. Dark band (Xanthydrol)<br /> * Different plant from same source) Dec. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delospemrma tradescantioides]]<br /> * Nov. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's). Suspected MMT was major. All faint.<br /> <br /> === Desmanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus illinoensis]]<br /> * 0.11% in Root bark (dried) and 0. 0016% in Root wood (dried) Thompson et al. 1987 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus leptobolus]]<br /> * Tentative NMT presence in dried root bark (present in most but not all specimens) Appleseed tlc 1993-1994.<br /> <br /> <br /> === Diplopterys spp. === <br /> [[Diplopterys cabrerana]]<br /> * Traces in leaf. Agurell et al. ( 1968)a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Girgensohnia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Girgensohnia diptera]] Bge.<br /> * Yurashevski &amp; Stepanov(a?) 1939 (Smith 1977b) ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Haloxylon scoparium]]<br /> * Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997<br /> <br /> === Hammada spp. ====<br /> <br /> [[Hammada leptoclada]]<br /> * In leaf and stem. Orazkulyev et at. 1964 (Grazkuliev et at. 1964 Zh. prikl.Khim. Leningr., 37: 1394; according to Arthur et at. 1967.)<br /> <br /> === Hordeum vulgare ===<br /> * roots of seedlings?) Schneider &amp; Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Justicia spp. ===<br /> [[Justicia pectoralis]]<br /> *In leaf. Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997 <br /> *var. stenophylla -In leaf. 31 August 1994 harvest. Faint band corresponding MMT. TLC by Appleseed ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Mimosa spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]].<br /> * 0.0012% dry wt. in roots. Batista et al. 1999<br /> * In stem Batista &amp; Almeida 1997 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa scabrella]]<br /> * In bark. De Moraes et al. 1990 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa somnians]]<br /> * 0.029% in dry whole plant. Gupta et al. 1979<br /> <br /> === Nectandra spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Nectandra megapotamica]] (Sprg.) Chodat &amp; Hassler<br /> 0.57 gm. from 5.7 kg. of finely powdered bark. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975<br /> <br /> === Petalostylis spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Petalostylis labicheoides]]<br /> * var. casseoides. This is in error [Chemical Abstracts] See Johns et al. 1966a (Included by a number of references including Mears &amp; Mabry in Harbourne et al. 1971: 146)<br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * cv. Ottawa Synthetic - Amounts not given. Detected by tlc. Woods &amp; Clark 1971<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * cv. AQ-1 Occurence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> * Commercial) Weak occurrence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris tuberosa]]<br /> * cv. Australian Commercial - Minor alkaloid in seedlings. Mack et al. 1988<br /> * A minor alkaloid in 7 day old seedlings. Mulvena &amp; Slaytor 1983<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris paradoxa]] (Romania)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris truncata]] (France)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> === Psychotria spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria carthaginensis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Marcos. Collected 4 Sept 1968.] Traces of NMT Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria viridis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Zapote. Collected 22 July 1968]. Traces of NMT and 2-Methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-B-carboline as minor alkaloids. Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *&quot;Kawa Kut'; Sharanahua Indians, Marcos. Collected 7 October, 1968). NMT was major alkaloid in leaf [85% of 0.11% total alkaloids by dry wt.]. DMT was absent (12% of O.11% total] Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Swainsona spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Swainsona galegifolia]] (=S. coronillifolia Salisb.) <br /> *(Possible assay in stem and leaf. Contradictory results.) tlc by J. Appleseed<br /> <br /> === Tachigalia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Tachigalia paniculata]] A ubi.<br /> 0.005% w/w of previously prepared inflorescence extract. No information on plant we ight. Svoboda et af.<br /> 1979<br /> <br /> === Testulea spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Testulea gabonensis]]<br /> * Total alkaloids in Stem bark- 2.5% and in Root bark- 5%. N-Methyltryptamine was 90% of total. Leboeuf et al. 1977 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Virola spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Snuff]]<br /> *'Epena'· [No.24574; Origin: Rio Cauaburi, Brazil] - 0.014% N-Methyltryptamine: i.e. 14.3 mg. / 100 grams of sn uff. (2% of 715 mg total alkaloid per 100 gm.]<br /> * &quot; Nytzkwtina&quot; [No . 24626; Origin: Tototobi, Brazil] - Traces Agurell et al. 1969<br /> * Snuff: &quot; Epena&quot; ( Virola?) Snuff as prepared by Waica Indians (collected 1965). MMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT]. Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967<br /> <br /> [[Virola calophylla]]<br /> * [No.24603; Origin: Manaus, Brazil] Flowering shoots- 0.0077% NMT; 7.7 mg/ 100 gm (4% of 193 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots]; Leaf- 0.0062% NMT i.e. 6.2 mg/ 100 gm [4% of 155 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry leaves]. Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *Bark collected in Manaus, Brazil during 1964. NMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT). Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Virola rufulla]]<br /> * No.24612: Origin : Manaus, Brazil]. Leaf- 0.0059% i.e. 5.88 mg/ 100 gm [6% of 98 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry leaf]. Agurell et al. 1969<br /> <br /> [[Virola sebifera]]<br /> * Present in bark Kawanishi et al. 1985<br /> * Paste: Virola sebifera (DMK-40; Don Marcos no. I) NMT 1.38 mg/ ml. McKenna et al. 1984a<br /> <br /> [[Virola theiodora]]<br /> * No.24595; Origin: Manaus, Brazil. Bark- 0.0025% (i.e. 2.5 mg/ 100 gm) [1% of 250 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry]. - Flowering shoots- 0.033% (i.e. 32.9 mg/ 100 gm) [7% of 470mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots] - Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Bark- 0.0034% [8 mg from 235 gm. of bark]. Cassady et al. 1972, also 1971 The latter cited Cassady et al. 1970 (Published 1972] ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Zanthoxylum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]<br /> * 0.002% in lear (dry weight) Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Humans and other animals ===<br /> <br /> *Animals:<br /> [[Villagorgia rubra]] (A sea fan from New Caledonia)<br /> * Espada et al. 1993 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Paramuricea chamaeleon]]<br /> 30 mg. of NMT isolated from 200 grams of coral. Cimino&amp; DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Humans]]<br /> * Found in cerebrospinal fluid of some psychotics and some normal people by Corbett et al. 1978. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Oon &amp; Rodnight 1977 thought they observed in psychoties but did not prove.<br /> * See Davis 1989 for many more references on the reported natural occurrences of N-methyltryptamine in humans:<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> 30-100mg vaporised (duration 45-70 minutes), 50-180mg orally with MAOIs (duration 2-5 hours) - Nen (2001; 2011); Shulgin TIKHAL (1997)<br /> <br /> == Analysis of NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Colorimetric reagents ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=278350&amp;&amp;replacenum;post278350 Colorimetric reagent test results]<br /> <br /> === TLC ===<br /> <br /> Coming soon<br /> <br /> === GC-MS ===<br /> <br /> * Retention times for Amine 220, CHDMS and DEGS columns: Audette et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Expanded Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> MS:<br /> *[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997] HCI: (m/z) C2H6N+ 44 (100%);Indolemethylene' 131 , 130 (61%, 51%); parent ion 174 (2%)<br /> * Williams et al. 1971: [m/e 44, 103, 115, 130, 131, 143, 174]<br /> * Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967: [m/e 44 (base peak), 103, 115, 130, 131, 145, 174 (M+)]. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> Other Info:<br /> * GLC: Christian et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GLC-MS of HFB derivative: Benington et al. 1975; Vessman et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GC-MS: De Moraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === IR ===<br /> <br /> * Graphic portrayal. page 774 in Clarke's 1986.<br /> * [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997]: Base: (cm-1): 740, 1018, 1103, 1132, 1161<br /> HCl: (cm-1): 748.850, 1009, 1104. 1119, 1136<br /> <br /> === NMR ===<br /> <br /> Cohen et al. 1960; De Moraes et al. 1990; Fi1ho &amp; Gilbert 1975; Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/NMT 2024-05-29T16:07:25Z

<p>Historian: /* Acacia spp. */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> [[Image:Nmt.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''NMT Molecule'']]<br /> <br /> == Brief overview - What is NMT? ==<br /> <br /> NMT is a tryptamine found in several plants, previously thought to be inactive, but novel research done by [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Nen888] has shown it to be psychoactive.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> For solubility, melting point, etc, check the [[Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties#NMT|NMT Chemical and Physical Properties]] WIKI<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> DMT Nexus user reports:<br /> <br /> * 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT. A slower onset than DMT, coming up after about 3-5 minutes and peaking within a minute, with residual low effects over an hour to 70 minutes thereafter. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=269093#post269093 Nen (2001)])<br /> <br /> * A higher body load and lower visual and mental activity than DMT. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=51413 Arcologist])<br /> <br /> * Further info: [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml TIHKAL NMT entry]<br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Entheogenic Effects of NMT]<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> *Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763413 Source])<br /> <br /> == Plants containing NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Acacia albida]] (Faidherbia albida)<br /> * Possible but unconfirmed presence. Detected· in Fall 1993, Spring, Summer, Fall 1994 and Spring 1995; tlc by Appleseed.<br /> <br /> [[Acacia confusa]] <br /> * Unspecified amount in bark. Lou et al. 1965<br /> * 1.43% in (dried?) root-bark Liu et at. 1977 (55.25% of total alkaloid) Root bark total alkaloid content was 2.58%<br /> * 0.04% in dried stem Arthur et at. 1967 (8.8 kg. of stems yielded 3.1 gm. NMT &amp; 1.3 gm. DMT.)<br /> * 0.8 - 2.3% in bark, DMT-Nexus analysis 2014, 2023 (Acacia Analysis Thread)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia maidenii]]<br /> * 0.24% in dry bark. Fitzgerald &amp; Sioumis 1965.<br /> * [Tentative positive in roots as the major alkaloid. (unconfirmed) tlc by Appleseed 1994) (2 year old seed grown plants)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia obtusifolia]]<br /> * Suspected to co-occur with DMT (tlc by Appleseed).<br /> *Mulga ran hplc-ms and observed what appeared to be a simple tryptamine,<br /> but was unclear if the identity was this alkaloid or tryptamine as the parent fragments seemed to be lacking - Trout's Notes on Acacias 2004.<br /> *60% of total alkaloid in common form - D. Siebert 1997; southern Cross Uni. 2000 cited by Nen<br /> <br /> [[Acacia rigidula]]<br /> *4.6 ppm in early spring/54.9 ppm in late fall. Fresh leaves, petioles &amp; tender twigs. Clement et al. 1998<br /> <br /> [[Acacia simplicifolia]] [=A. simplex]<br /> *1.44% in bark and 0.29% in twigs. <br /> * Stem bark has 3.6% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (40% of total)<br /> * Twigs have 0.11% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (26.3% of total). Poupat et al. 1976 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Anadenanthera spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Anadenanthera peregrina]]<br /> * No.24625; Origin: Boa Vista, Brazil]. -Traces in dry bark. (Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes)<br /> * Bark of Brazilian material (as Piptadenia). Legler &amp; Tschesche 1963 reported a mixture of 5-MeO-NMT and NMT as comprising 41% of the crude base.<br /> * as Piptadenia peregrina bark (Colombia in 1956). (Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Arthrophytum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum leptocladum]] M.Popov (Thin -stemmed Haloxyton)<br /> * 0.575% by dry weight in 1 year old Green shoots (Flowering stage) (3.7% total alkaloid content; Major alkaloid. Cooccurring with 2 b-carbolines.) Platonova el at. 1958. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * In leaf and stem. Smith 1977b cited Yurashevski 1941 Zhur. Obsch.Chem. 11:157 and Rousseau et al. 1966 Bull.Soc.Pharm.Nancy 71:31<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum wackchanica]] [A. wakhanicum?J<br /> * Smith 1977b cited Orekhov 1955 ref <br /> <br /> === Calycanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> Calycanthus has been listed as containing NMT. This is probably in error. Manske 1931a &amp; 193lc reported NMT as a degradation product of Calycanthine. Unable to locate any reference indicating its actual presence.<br /> <br /> === Delosperma spp. ===<br /> <br /> Presence of MMT in Delosperma spp. is unproven, except for the unpublished data involving work done by the Smith, Kline &amp; French Laboratories. (Cited by Raffauf 1970). Smith 1977b cited Rivier &amp; Pilet 1971 and Deulofeu 1973. Both had cited Raffauf 1970.<br /> <br /> * Assays by Appleseed 1994- 1996 ref Trout's Notes:<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma acuminatum]]<br /> * Faint. Sept., Nov. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma brittenae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma cooperi]]<br /> * Sept. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's and Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hallii]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma harazianum]]<br /> * Audhali Plateau, Yemen Nov. 1995 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hirtum]]<br /> * Dec. 94 (Ehrlichs) Nov. 95 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma klinghardtianum]]<br /> * Nov. and Dec. assays. Sole base present. (Xanthydrol and Ehrlich's) Not seen Sept. 96 assay.<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma litorale]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma pageanum]]<br /> * Same plant tested Christmas 1994) 2 Nov. 1995. Dark band (Xanthydrol)<br /> * Different plant from same source) Dec. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delospemrma tradescantioides]]<br /> * Nov. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's). Suspected MMT was major. All faint.<br /> <br /> === Desmanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus illinoensis]]<br /> * 0.11% in Root bark (dried) and 0. 0016% in Root wood (dried) Thompson et al. 1987 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus leptobolus]]<br /> * Tentative NMT presence in dried root bark (present in most but not all specimens) Appleseed tlc 1993-1994.<br /> <br /> <br /> === Diplopterys spp. === <br /> [[Diplopterys cabrerana]]<br /> * Traces in leaf. Agurell et al. ( 1968)a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Girgensohnia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Girgensohnia diptera]] Bge.<br /> * Yurashevski &amp; Stepanov(a?) 1939 (Smith 1977b) ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Haloxylon scoparium]]<br /> * Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997<br /> <br /> === Hammada spp. ====<br /> <br /> [[Hammada leptoclada]]<br /> * In leaf and stem. Orazkulyev et at. 1964 (Grazkuliev et at. 1964 Zh. prikl.Khim. Leningr., 37: 1394; according to Arthur et at. 1967.)<br /> <br /> === Hordeum vulgare ===<br /> * roots of seedlings?) Schneider &amp; Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Justicia spp. ===<br /> [[Justicia pectoralis]]<br /> *In leaf. Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997 <br /> *var. stenophylla -In leaf. 31 August 1994 harvest. Faint band corresponding MMT. TLC by Appleseed ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Mimosa spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]].<br /> * 0.0012% dry wt. in roots. Batista et al. 1999<br /> * In stem Batista &amp; Almeida 1997 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa scabrella]]<br /> * In bark. De Moraes et al. 1990 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa somnians]]<br /> * 0.029% in dry whole plant. Gupta et al. 1979<br /> <br /> === Nectandra spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Nectandra megapotamica]] (Sprg.) Chodat &amp; Hassler<br /> 0.57 gm. from 5.7 kg. of finely powdered bark. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975<br /> <br /> === Petalostylis spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Petalostylis labicheoides]]<br /> * var. casseoides. This is in error [Chemical Abstracts] See Johns et al. 1966a (Included by a number of references including Mears &amp; Mabry in Harbourne et al. 1971: 146)<br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * cv. Ottawa Synthetic - Amounts not given. Detected by tlc. Woods &amp; Clark 1971<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * cv. AQ-1 Occurence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> * Commercial) Weak occurrence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris tuberosa]]<br /> * cv. Australian Commercial - Minor alkaloid in seedlings. Mack et al. 1988<br /> * A minor alkaloid in 7 day old seedlings. Mulvena &amp; Slaytor 1983<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris paradoxa]] (Romania)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris truncata]] (France)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> === Psychotria spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria carthaginensis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Marcos. Collected 4 Sept 1968.] Traces of NMT Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria viridis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Zapote. Collected 22 July 1968]. Traces of NMT and 2-Methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-B-carboline as minor alkaloids. Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *&quot;Kawa Kut'; Sharanahua Indians, Marcos. Collected 7 October, 1968). NMT was major alkaloid in leaf [85% of 0.11% total alkaloids by dry wt.]. DMT was absent (12% of O.11% total] Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Swainsona spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Swainsona galegifolia]] (=S. coronillifolia Salisb.) <br /> *(Possible assay in stem and leaf. Contradictory results.) tlc by J. Appleseed<br /> <br /> === Tachigalia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Tachigalia paniculata]] A ubi.<br /> 0.005% w/w of previously prepared inflorescence extract. No information on plant we ight. Svoboda et af.<br /> 1979<br /> <br /> === Testulea spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Testulea gabonensis]]<br /> * Total alkaloids in Stem bark- 2.5% and in Root bark- 5%. N-Methyltryptamine was 90% of total. Leboeuf et al. 1977 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Virola spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Snuff]]<br /> *'Epena'· [No.24574; Origin: Rio Cauaburi, Brazil] - 0.014% N-Methyltryptamine: i.e. 14.3 mg. / 100 grams of sn uff. (2% of 715 mg total alkaloid per 100 gm.]<br /> * &quot; Nytzkwtina&quot; [No . 24626; Origin: Tototobi, Brazil] - Traces Agurell et al. 1969<br /> * Snuff: &quot; Epena&quot; ( Virola?) Snuff as prepared by Waica Indians (collected 1965). MMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT]. Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967<br /> <br /> [[Virola calophylla]]<br /> * [No.24603; Origin: Manaus, Brazil] Flowering shoots- 0.0077% NMT; 7.7 mg/ 100 gm (4% of 193 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots]; Leaf- 0.0062% NMT i.e. 6.2 mg/ 100 gm [4% of 155 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry leaves]. Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *Bark collected in Manaus, Brazil during 1964. NMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT). Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Virola rufulla]]<br /> * No.24612: Origin : Manaus, Brazil]. Leaf- 0.0059% i.e. 5.88 mg/ 100 gm [6% of 98 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry leaf]. Agurell et al. 1969<br /> <br /> [[Virola sebifera]]<br /> * Present in bark Kawanishi et al. 1985<br /> * Paste: Virola sebifera (DMK-40; Don Marcos no. I) NMT 1.38 mg/ ml. McKenna et al. 1984a<br /> <br /> [[Virola theiodora]]<br /> * No.24595; Origin: Manaus, Brazil. Bark- 0.0025% (i.e. 2.5 mg/ 100 gm) [1% of 250 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry]. - Flowering shoots- 0.033% (i.e. 32.9 mg/ 100 gm) [7% of 470mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots] - Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Bark- 0.0034% [8 mg from 235 gm. of bark]. Cassady et al. 1972, also 1971 The latter cited Cassady et al. 1970 (Published 1972] ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Zanthoxylum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]<br /> * 0.002% in lear (dry weight) Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Humans and other animals ===<br /> <br /> *Animals:<br /> [[Villagorgia rubra]] (A sea fan from New Caledonia)<br /> * Espada et al. 1993 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Paramuricea chamaeleon]]<br /> 30 mg. of NMT isolated from 200 grams of coral. Cimino&amp; DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Humans]]<br /> * Found in cerebrospinal fluid of some psychotics and some normal people by Corbett et al. 1978. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Oon &amp; Rodnight 1977 thought they observed in psychoties but did not prove.<br /> * See Davis 1989 for many more references on the reported natural occurrences of N-methyltryptamine in humans:<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> 30-100mg vaporised (duration 45-70 minutes), 50-180mg orally with MAOIs (duration 2-5 hours) - Nen (2001; 2011); Shulgin TIKHAL (1997)<br /> <br /> == Analysis of NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Colorimetric reagents ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=278350&amp;&amp;replacenum;post278350 Colorimetric reagent test results]<br /> <br /> === TLC ===<br /> <br /> Coming soon<br /> <br /> === GC-MS ===<br /> <br /> * Retention times for Amine 220, CHDMS and DEGS columns: Audette et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Expanded Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> MS:<br /> *[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997] HCI: (m/z) C2H6N+ 44 (100%);Indolemethylene' 131 , 130 (61%, 51%); parent ion 174 (2%)<br /> * Williams et al. 1971: [m/e 44, 103, 115, 130, 131, 143, 174]<br /> * Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967: [m/e 44 (base peak), 103, 115, 130, 131, 145, 174 (M+)]. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> Other Info:<br /> * GLC: Christian et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GLC-MS of HFB derivative: Benington et al. 1975; Vessman et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GC-MS: De Moraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === IR ===<br /> <br /> * Graphic portrayal. page 774 in Clarke's 1986.<br /> * [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997]: Base: (cm-1): 740, 1018, 1103, 1132, 1161<br /> HCl: (cm-1): 748.850, 1009, 1104. 1119, 1136<br /> <br /> === NMR ===<br /> <br /> Cohen et al. 1960; De Moraes et al. 1990; Fi1ho &amp; Gilbert 1975; Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/NMT 2024-05-29T16:04:49Z

<p>Historian: /* Acacia spp. */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> [[Image:Nmt.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''NMT Molecule'']]<br /> <br /> == Brief overview - What is NMT? ==<br /> <br /> NMT is a tryptamine found in several plants, previously thought to be inactive, but novel research done by [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Nen888] has shown it to be psychoactive.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> For solubility, melting point, etc, check the [[Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties#NMT|NMT Chemical and Physical Properties]] WIKI<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> DMT Nexus user reports:<br /> <br /> * 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT. A slower onset than DMT, coming up after about 3-5 minutes and peaking within a minute, with residual low effects over an hour to 70 minutes thereafter. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=269093#post269093 Nen (2001)])<br /> <br /> * A higher body load and lower visual and mental activity than DMT. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=51413 Arcologist])<br /> <br /> * Further info: [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml TIHKAL NMT entry]<br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Entheogenic Effects of NMT]<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> *Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763413 Source])<br /> <br /> == Plants containing NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Acacia albida]] (Faidherbia albida)<br /> * Possible but unconfirmed presence. Detected· in Fall 1993, Spring, Summer, Fall 1994 and Spring 1995; tlc by Appleseed.<br /> <br /> [[Acacia confusa]] <br /> * Unspecified amount in bark. Lou et al. 1965<br /> * 1.43% in (dried?) root-bark Liu et at. 1977 (55.25% of total alkaloid) Root bark total alkaloid content was 2.58%<br /> * 0.04% in dried stem Arthur et at. 1967 (8.8 kg. of stems yielded 3.1 gm. NMT &amp; 1.3 gm. DMT.)<br /> * 0.8 - 2.3% in bark, DMT-Nexus analysis 2014, 2023 (Acacia Analysis Thread)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia maidenii]]<br /> * 0.24% in dry bark. Fitzgerald &amp; Sioumis 1965.<br /> * [Tentative positive in roots as the major alkaloid. (unconfirmed) tlc by Appleseed 1994) (2 year old seed grown plants)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia obtusifolia]]<br /> * Suspected to co-occur with DMT (tlc by Appleseed).<br /> *Mulga ran hplc-ms and observed what appeared to be a simple tryptamine but was unclear if the identity was this alkaloid or tryptamine as the parent fragments seemed to be lacking; Trout's Notes on Acacias 2004.<br /> *60% of total alkaloid in common form - D. Siebert 1997; southern Cross Uni. 2000 cited by Nen<br /> <br /> [[Acacia rigidula]]<br /> *4.6 ppm in early spring/54.9 ppm in late fall. Fresh leaves, petioles &amp; tender twigs. Clement et al. 1998<br /> <br /> [[Acacia simplicifolia]] [=A. simplex]<br /> *1.44% in bark and 0.29% in twigs. <br /> * Stem bark has 3.6% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (40% of total)<br /> * Twigs have 0.11% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (26.3% of total). Poupat et al. 1976 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Anadenanthera spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Anadenanthera peregrina]]<br /> * No.24625; Origin: Boa Vista, Brazil]. -Traces in dry bark. (Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes)<br /> * Bark of Brazilian material (as Piptadenia). Legler &amp; Tschesche 1963 reported a mixture of 5-MeO-NMT and NMT as comprising 41% of the crude base.<br /> * as Piptadenia peregrina bark (Colombia in 1956). (Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Arthrophytum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum leptocladum]] M.Popov (Thin -stemmed Haloxyton)<br /> * 0.575% by dry weight in 1 year old Green shoots (Flowering stage) (3.7% total alkaloid content; Major alkaloid. Cooccurring with 2 b-carbolines.) Platonova el at. 1958. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * In leaf and stem. Smith 1977b cited Yurashevski 1941 Zhur. Obsch.Chem. 11:157 and Rousseau et al. 1966 Bull.Soc.Pharm.Nancy 71:31<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum wackchanica]] [A. wakhanicum?J<br /> * Smith 1977b cited Orekhov 1955 ref <br /> <br /> === Calycanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> Calycanthus has been listed as containing NMT. This is probably in error. Manske 1931a &amp; 193lc reported NMT as a degradation product of Calycanthine. Unable to locate any reference indicating its actual presence.<br /> <br /> === Delosperma spp. ===<br /> <br /> Presence of MMT in Delosperma spp. is unproven, except for the unpublished data involving work done by the Smith, Kline &amp; French Laboratories. (Cited by Raffauf 1970). Smith 1977b cited Rivier &amp; Pilet 1971 and Deulofeu 1973. Both had cited Raffauf 1970.<br /> <br /> * Assays by Appleseed 1994- 1996 ref Trout's Notes:<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma acuminatum]]<br /> * Faint. Sept., Nov. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma brittenae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma cooperi]]<br /> * Sept. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's and Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hallii]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma harazianum]]<br /> * Audhali Plateau, Yemen Nov. 1995 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hirtum]]<br /> * Dec. 94 (Ehrlichs) Nov. 95 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma klinghardtianum]]<br /> * Nov. and Dec. assays. Sole base present. (Xanthydrol and Ehrlich's) Not seen Sept. 96 assay.<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma litorale]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma pageanum]]<br /> * Same plant tested Christmas 1994) 2 Nov. 1995. Dark band (Xanthydrol)<br /> * Different plant from same source) Dec. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delospemrma tradescantioides]]<br /> * Nov. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's). Suspected MMT was major. All faint.<br /> <br /> === Desmanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus illinoensis]]<br /> * 0.11% in Root bark (dried) and 0. 0016% in Root wood (dried) Thompson et al. 1987 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus leptobolus]]<br /> * Tentative NMT presence in dried root bark (present in most but not all specimens) Appleseed tlc 1993-1994.<br /> <br /> <br /> === Diplopterys spp. === <br /> [[Diplopterys cabrerana]]<br /> * Traces in leaf. Agurell et al. ( 1968)a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Girgensohnia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Girgensohnia diptera]] Bge.<br /> * Yurashevski &amp; Stepanov(a?) 1939 (Smith 1977b) ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Haloxylon scoparium]]<br /> * Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997<br /> <br /> === Hammada spp. ====<br /> <br /> [[Hammada leptoclada]]<br /> * In leaf and stem. Orazkulyev et at. 1964 (Grazkuliev et at. 1964 Zh. prikl.Khim. Leningr., 37: 1394; according to Arthur et at. 1967.)<br /> <br /> === Hordeum vulgare ===<br /> * roots of seedlings?) Schneider &amp; Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Justicia spp. ===<br /> [[Justicia pectoralis]]<br /> *In leaf. Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997 <br /> *var. stenophylla -In leaf. 31 August 1994 harvest. Faint band corresponding MMT. TLC by Appleseed ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Mimosa spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]].<br /> * 0.0012% dry wt. in roots. Batista et al. 1999<br /> * In stem Batista &amp; Almeida 1997 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa scabrella]]<br /> * In bark. De Moraes et al. 1990 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa somnians]]<br /> * 0.029% in dry whole plant. Gupta et al. 1979<br /> <br /> === Nectandra spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Nectandra megapotamica]] (Sprg.) Chodat &amp; Hassler<br /> 0.57 gm. from 5.7 kg. of finely powdered bark. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975<br /> <br /> === Petalostylis spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Petalostylis labicheoides]]<br /> * var. casseoides. This is in error [Chemical Abstracts] See Johns et al. 1966a (Included by a number of references including Mears &amp; Mabry in Harbourne et al. 1971: 146)<br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * cv. Ottawa Synthetic - Amounts not given. Detected by tlc. Woods &amp; Clark 1971<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * cv. AQ-1 Occurence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> * Commercial) Weak occurrence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris tuberosa]]<br /> * cv. Australian Commercial - Minor alkaloid in seedlings. Mack et al. 1988<br /> * A minor alkaloid in 7 day old seedlings. Mulvena &amp; Slaytor 1983<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris paradoxa]] (Romania)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris truncata]] (France)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> === Psychotria spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria carthaginensis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Marcos. Collected 4 Sept 1968.] Traces of NMT Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria viridis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Zapote. Collected 22 July 1968]. Traces of NMT and 2-Methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-B-carboline as minor alkaloids. Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *&quot;Kawa Kut'; Sharanahua Indians, Marcos. Collected 7 October, 1968). NMT was major alkaloid in leaf [85% of 0.11% total alkaloids by dry wt.]. DMT was absent (12% of O.11% total] Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Swainsona spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Swainsona galegifolia]] (=S. coronillifolia Salisb.) <br /> *(Possible assay in stem and leaf. Contradictory results.) tlc by J. Appleseed<br /> <br /> === Tachigalia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Tachigalia paniculata]] A ubi.<br /> 0.005% w/w of previously prepared inflorescence extract. No information on plant we ight. Svoboda et af.<br /> 1979<br /> <br /> === Testulea spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Testulea gabonensis]]<br /> * Total alkaloids in Stem bark- 2.5% and in Root bark- 5%. N-Methyltryptamine was 90% of total. Leboeuf et al. 1977 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Virola spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Snuff]]<br /> *'Epena'· [No.24574; Origin: Rio Cauaburi, Brazil] - 0.014% N-Methyltryptamine: i.e. 14.3 mg. / 100 grams of sn uff. (2% of 715 mg total alkaloid per 100 gm.]<br /> * &quot; Nytzkwtina&quot; [No . 24626; Origin: Tototobi, Brazil] - Traces Agurell et al. 1969<br /> * Snuff: &quot; Epena&quot; ( Virola?) Snuff as prepared by Waica Indians (collected 1965). MMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT]. Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967<br /> <br /> [[Virola calophylla]]<br /> * [No.24603; Origin: Manaus, Brazil] Flowering shoots- 0.0077% NMT; 7.7 mg/ 100 gm (4% of 193 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots]; Leaf- 0.0062% NMT i.e. 6.2 mg/ 100 gm [4% of 155 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry leaves]. Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *Bark collected in Manaus, Brazil during 1964. NMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT). Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Virola rufulla]]<br /> * No.24612: Origin : Manaus, Brazil]. Leaf- 0.0059% i.e. 5.88 mg/ 100 gm [6% of 98 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry leaf]. Agurell et al. 1969<br /> <br /> [[Virola sebifera]]<br /> * Present in bark Kawanishi et al. 1985<br /> * Paste: Virola sebifera (DMK-40; Don Marcos no. I) NMT 1.38 mg/ ml. McKenna et al. 1984a<br /> <br /> [[Virola theiodora]]<br /> * No.24595; Origin: Manaus, Brazil. Bark- 0.0025% (i.e. 2.5 mg/ 100 gm) [1% of 250 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry]. - Flowering shoots- 0.033% (i.e. 32.9 mg/ 100 gm) [7% of 470mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots] - Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Bark- 0.0034% [8 mg from 235 gm. of bark]. Cassady et al. 1972, also 1971 The latter cited Cassady et al. 1970 (Published 1972] ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Zanthoxylum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]<br /> * 0.002% in lear (dry weight) Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Humans and other animals ===<br /> <br /> *Animals:<br /> [[Villagorgia rubra]] (A sea fan from New Caledonia)<br /> * Espada et al. 1993 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Paramuricea chamaeleon]]<br /> 30 mg. of NMT isolated from 200 grams of coral. Cimino&amp; DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Humans]]<br /> * Found in cerebrospinal fluid of some psychotics and some normal people by Corbett et al. 1978. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Oon &amp; Rodnight 1977 thought they observed in psychoties but did not prove.<br /> * See Davis 1989 for many more references on the reported natural occurrences of N-methyltryptamine in humans:<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> 30-100mg vaporised (duration 45-70 minutes), 50-180mg orally with MAOIs (duration 2-5 hours) - Nen (2001; 2011); Shulgin TIKHAL (1997)<br /> <br /> == Analysis of NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Colorimetric reagents ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=278350&amp;&amp;replacenum;post278350 Colorimetric reagent test results]<br /> <br /> === TLC ===<br /> <br /> Coming soon<br /> <br /> === GC-MS ===<br /> <br /> * Retention times for Amine 220, CHDMS and DEGS columns: Audette et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Expanded Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> MS:<br /> *[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997] HCI: (m/z) C2H6N+ 44 (100%);Indolemethylene' 131 , 130 (61%, 51%); parent ion 174 (2%)<br /> * Williams et al. 1971: [m/e 44, 103, 115, 130, 131, 143, 174]<br /> * Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967: [m/e 44 (base peak), 103, 115, 130, 131, 145, 174 (M+)]. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> Other Info:<br /> * GLC: Christian et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GLC-MS of HFB derivative: Benington et al. 1975; Vessman et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GC-MS: De Moraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === IR ===<br /> <br /> * Graphic portrayal. page 774 in Clarke's 1986.<br /> * [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997]: Base: (cm-1): 740, 1018, 1103, 1132, 1161<br /> HCl: (cm-1): 748.850, 1009, 1104. 1119, 1136<br /> <br /> === NMR ===<br /> <br /> Cohen et al. 1960; De Moraes et al. 1990; Fi1ho &amp; Gilbert 1975; Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/NMT 2024-05-29T16:02:48Z

<p>Historian: /* Plants containing NMT */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> [[Image:Nmt.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''NMT Molecule'']]<br /> <br /> == Brief overview - What is NMT? ==<br /> <br /> NMT is a tryptamine found in several plants, previously thought to be inactive, but novel research done by [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Nen888] has shown it to be psychoactive.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> For solubility, melting point, etc, check the [[Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties#NMT|NMT Chemical and Physical Properties]] WIKI<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> DMT Nexus user reports:<br /> <br /> * 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT. A slower onset than DMT, coming up after about 3-5 minutes and peaking within a minute, with residual low effects over an hour to 70 minutes thereafter. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=269093#post269093 Nen (2001)])<br /> <br /> * A higher body load and lower visual and mental activity than DMT. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=51413 Arcologist])<br /> <br /> * Further info: [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml TIHKAL NMT entry]<br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Entheogenic Effects of NMT]<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> *Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763413 Source])<br /> <br /> == Plants containing NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Acacia albida]] (Faidherbia albida)<br /> * Possible but unconfirmed presence. Detected· in Fall 1993, Spring, Summer, Fall 1994 and Spring 1995; tlc by Appleseed.<br /> <br /> [[Acacia confusa]] <br /> * Unspecified amount in bark. Lou et al. 1965<br /> * 1.43% in (dried?) root-bark Liu et at. 1977 (55.25% of total alkaloid) Root bark total alkaloid content was 2.58%<br /> * 0.04% in dried stem Arthur et at. 1967 (8.8 kg. of stems yielded 3.1 gm. NMT &amp; 1.3 gm. DMT.)<br /> * 0.8 - 2.3% in bark, DMT-Nexus analysis 2014, 2023 (Acacia Analysis Thread)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia maidenii]]<br /> * 0.24% in dry bark. Fitzgerald &amp; Sioumis 1965.<br /> * [Tentative positive in roots as the major alkaloid. (unconfirmed) tlc by Appleseed 1994) (2 year old seed grown plants)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia obtusifolia]]<br /> * Suspected to co-occur with DMT (tlc by Appleseed).<br /> *Mulga ran hplc-ms and observed what appeared to be a simple tryptamine but was unclear if the identity was this alkaloid or tryptamine as the parent fragments seemed to be lacking; see http://www. lycaeum.org/drugsiplants/ tryptamines/acacia/species.htm &amp; Trout's Notes on Acacias 2004.<br /> *60% of total alkaloid in common form - D. Siebert 1997; southern Cross Uni. 2000 cited by Nen<br /> <br /> [[Acacia rigidula]]<br /> *4.6 ppm in early spring/54.9 ppm in late fall. Fresh leaves, petioles &amp; tender twigs. Clement et al. 1998<br /> <br /> [[Acacia simplicifolia]] [=A. simplex]<br /> *1.44% in bark and 0.29% in twigs. <br /> * Stem bark has 3.6% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (40% of total)<br /> * Twigs have 0.11% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (26.3% of total). Poupat et al. 1976 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Anadenanthera spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Anadenanthera peregrina]]<br /> * No.24625; Origin: Boa Vista, Brazil]. -Traces in dry bark. (Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes)<br /> * Bark of Brazilian material (as Piptadenia). Legler &amp; Tschesche 1963 reported a mixture of 5-MeO-NMT and NMT as comprising 41% of the crude base.<br /> * as Piptadenia peregrina bark (Colombia in 1956). (Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Arthrophytum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum leptocladum]] M.Popov (Thin -stemmed Haloxyton)<br /> * 0.575% by dry weight in 1 year old Green shoots (Flowering stage) (3.7% total alkaloid content; Major alkaloid. Cooccurring with 2 b-carbolines.) Platonova el at. 1958. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * In leaf and stem. Smith 1977b cited Yurashevski 1941 Zhur. Obsch.Chem. 11:157 and Rousseau et al. 1966 Bull.Soc.Pharm.Nancy 71:31<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum wackchanica]] [A. wakhanicum?J<br /> * Smith 1977b cited Orekhov 1955 ref <br /> <br /> === Calycanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> Calycanthus has been listed as containing NMT. This is probably in error. Manske 1931a &amp; 193lc reported NMT as a degradation product of Calycanthine. Unable to locate any reference indicating its actual presence.<br /> <br /> === Delosperma spp. ===<br /> <br /> Presence of MMT in Delosperma spp. is unproven, except for the unpublished data involving work done by the Smith, Kline &amp; French Laboratories. (Cited by Raffauf 1970). Smith 1977b cited Rivier &amp; Pilet 1971 and Deulofeu 1973. Both had cited Raffauf 1970.<br /> <br /> * Assays by Appleseed 1994- 1996 ref Trout's Notes:<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma acuminatum]]<br /> * Faint. Sept., Nov. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma brittenae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma cooperi]]<br /> * Sept. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's and Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hallii]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma harazianum]]<br /> * Audhali Plateau, Yemen Nov. 1995 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hirtum]]<br /> * Dec. 94 (Ehrlichs) Nov. 95 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma klinghardtianum]]<br /> * Nov. and Dec. assays. Sole base present. (Xanthydrol and Ehrlich's) Not seen Sept. 96 assay.<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma litorale]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma pageanum]]<br /> * Same plant tested Christmas 1994) 2 Nov. 1995. Dark band (Xanthydrol)<br /> * Different plant from same source) Dec. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delospemrma tradescantioides]]<br /> * Nov. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's). Suspected MMT was major. All faint.<br /> <br /> === Desmanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus illinoensis]]<br /> * 0.11% in Root bark (dried) and 0. 0016% in Root wood (dried) Thompson et al. 1987 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus leptobolus]]<br /> * Tentative NMT presence in dried root bark (present in most but not all specimens) Appleseed tlc 1993-1994.<br /> <br /> <br /> === Diplopterys spp. === <br /> [[Diplopterys cabrerana]]<br /> * Traces in leaf. Agurell et al. ( 1968)a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Girgensohnia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Girgensohnia diptera]] Bge.<br /> * Yurashevski &amp; Stepanov(a?) 1939 (Smith 1977b) ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Haloxylon scoparium]]<br /> * Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997<br /> <br /> === Hammada spp. ====<br /> <br /> [[Hammada leptoclada]]<br /> * In leaf and stem. Orazkulyev et at. 1964 (Grazkuliev et at. 1964 Zh. prikl.Khim. Leningr., 37: 1394; according to Arthur et at. 1967.)<br /> <br /> === Hordeum vulgare ===<br /> * roots of seedlings?) Schneider &amp; Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Justicia spp. ===<br /> [[Justicia pectoralis]]<br /> *In leaf. Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997 <br /> *var. stenophylla -In leaf. 31 August 1994 harvest. Faint band corresponding MMT. TLC by Appleseed ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Mimosa spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]].<br /> * 0.0012% dry wt. in roots. Batista et al. 1999<br /> * In stem Batista &amp; Almeida 1997 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa scabrella]]<br /> * In bark. De Moraes et al. 1990 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa somnians]]<br /> * 0.029% in dry whole plant. Gupta et al. 1979<br /> <br /> === Nectandra spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Nectandra megapotamica]] (Sprg.) Chodat &amp; Hassler<br /> 0.57 gm. from 5.7 kg. of finely powdered bark. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975<br /> <br /> === Petalostylis spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Petalostylis labicheoides]]<br /> * var. casseoides. This is in error [Chemical Abstracts] See Johns et al. 1966a (Included by a number of references including Mears &amp; Mabry in Harbourne et al. 1971: 146)<br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * cv. Ottawa Synthetic - Amounts not given. Detected by tlc. Woods &amp; Clark 1971<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * cv. AQ-1 Occurence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> * Commercial) Weak occurrence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris tuberosa]]<br /> * cv. Australian Commercial - Minor alkaloid in seedlings. Mack et al. 1988<br /> * A minor alkaloid in 7 day old seedlings. Mulvena &amp; Slaytor 1983<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris paradoxa]] (Romania)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris truncata]] (France)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> === Psychotria spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria carthaginensis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Marcos. Collected 4 Sept 1968.] Traces of NMT Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria viridis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Zapote. Collected 22 July 1968]. Traces of NMT and 2-Methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-B-carboline as minor alkaloids. Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *&quot;Kawa Kut'; Sharanahua Indians, Marcos. Collected 7 October, 1968). NMT was major alkaloid in leaf [85% of 0.11% total alkaloids by dry wt.]. DMT was absent (12% of O.11% total] Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Swainsona spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Swainsona galegifolia]] (=S. coronillifolia Salisb.) <br /> *(Possible assay in stem and leaf. Contradictory results.) tlc by J. Appleseed<br /> <br /> === Tachigalia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Tachigalia paniculata]] A ubi.<br /> 0.005% w/w of previously prepared inflorescence extract. No information on plant we ight. Svoboda et af.<br /> 1979<br /> <br /> === Testulea spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Testulea gabonensis]]<br /> * Total alkaloids in Stem bark- 2.5% and in Root bark- 5%. N-Methyltryptamine was 90% of total. Leboeuf et al. 1977 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Virola spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Snuff]]<br /> *'Epena'· [No.24574; Origin: Rio Cauaburi, Brazil] - 0.014% N-Methyltryptamine: i.e. 14.3 mg. / 100 grams of sn uff. (2% of 715 mg total alkaloid per 100 gm.]<br /> * &quot; Nytzkwtina&quot; [No . 24626; Origin: Tototobi, Brazil] - Traces Agurell et al. 1969<br /> * Snuff: &quot; Epena&quot; ( Virola?) Snuff as prepared by Waica Indians (collected 1965). MMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT]. Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967<br /> <br /> [[Virola calophylla]]<br /> * [No.24603; Origin: Manaus, Brazil] Flowering shoots- 0.0077% NMT; 7.7 mg/ 100 gm (4% of 193 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots]; Leaf- 0.0062% NMT i.e. 6.2 mg/ 100 gm [4% of 155 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry leaves]. Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *Bark collected in Manaus, Brazil during 1964. NMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT). Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Virola rufulla]]<br /> * No.24612: Origin : Manaus, Brazil]. Leaf- 0.0059% i.e. 5.88 mg/ 100 gm [6% of 98 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry leaf]. Agurell et al. 1969<br /> <br /> [[Virola sebifera]]<br /> * Present in bark Kawanishi et al. 1985<br /> * Paste: Virola sebifera (DMK-40; Don Marcos no. I) NMT 1.38 mg/ ml. McKenna et al. 1984a<br /> <br /> [[Virola theiodora]]<br /> * No.24595; Origin: Manaus, Brazil. Bark- 0.0025% (i.e. 2.5 mg/ 100 gm) [1% of 250 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry]. - Flowering shoots- 0.033% (i.e. 32.9 mg/ 100 gm) [7% of 470mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots] - Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Bark- 0.0034% [8 mg from 235 gm. of bark]. Cassady et al. 1972, also 1971 The latter cited Cassady et al. 1970 (Published 1972] ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Zanthoxylum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]<br /> * 0.002% in lear (dry weight) Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Humans and other animals ===<br /> <br /> *Animals:<br /> [[Villagorgia rubra]] (A sea fan from New Caledonia)<br /> * Espada et al. 1993 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Paramuricea chamaeleon]]<br /> 30 mg. of NMT isolated from 200 grams of coral. Cimino&amp; DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Humans]]<br /> * Found in cerebrospinal fluid of some psychotics and some normal people by Corbett et al. 1978. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Oon &amp; Rodnight 1977 thought they observed in psychoties but did not prove.<br /> * See Davis 1989 for many more references on the reported natural occurrences of N-methyltryptamine in humans:<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> 30-100mg vaporised (duration 45-70 minutes), 50-180mg orally with MAOIs (duration 2-5 hours) - Nen (2001; 2011); Shulgin TIKHAL (1997)<br /> <br /> == Analysis of NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Colorimetric reagents ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=278350&amp;&amp;replacenum;post278350 Colorimetric reagent test results]<br /> <br /> === TLC ===<br /> <br /> Coming soon<br /> <br /> === GC-MS ===<br /> <br /> * Retention times for Amine 220, CHDMS and DEGS columns: Audette et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Expanded Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> MS:<br /> *[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997] HCI: (m/z) C2H6N+ 44 (100%);Indolemethylene' 131 , 130 (61%, 51%); parent ion 174 (2%)<br /> * Williams et al. 1971: [m/e 44, 103, 115, 130, 131, 143, 174]<br /> * Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967: [m/e 44 (base peak), 103, 115, 130, 131, 145, 174 (M+)]. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> Other Info:<br /> * GLC: Christian et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GLC-MS of HFB derivative: Benington et al. 1975; Vessman et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GC-MS: De Moraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === IR ===<br /> <br /> * Graphic portrayal. page 774 in Clarke's 1986.<br /> * [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997]: Base: (cm-1): 740, 1018, 1103, 1132, 1161<br /> HCl: (cm-1): 748.850, 1009, 1104. 1119, 1136<br /> <br /> === NMR ===<br /> <br /> Cohen et al. 1960; De Moraes et al. 1990; Fi1ho &amp; Gilbert 1975; Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/NMT 2024-05-29T16:02:18Z

<p>Historian: /* Plants containing NMT */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> [[Image:Nmt.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''NMT Molecule'']]<br /> <br /> == Brief overview - What is NMT? ==<br /> <br /> NMT is a tryptamine found in several plants, previously thought to be inactive, but novel research done by [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Nen888] has shown it to be psychoactive.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> For solubility, melting point, etc, check the [[Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties#NMT|NMT Chemical and Physical Properties]] WIKI<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> DMT Nexus user reports:<br /> <br /> * 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT. A slower onset than DMT, coming up after about 3-5 minutes and peaking within a minute, with residual low effects over an hour to 70 minutes thereafter. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=269093#post269093 Nen (2001)])<br /> <br /> * A higher body load and lower visual and mental activity than DMT. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=51413 Arcologist])<br /> <br /> * Further info: [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml TIHKAL NMT entry]<br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Entheogenic Effects of NMT]<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> *Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763413 Source])<br /> <br /> == Plants containing NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Acacia albida]] (Faidherbia albida)<br /> * Possible but unconfirmed presence. Detected· in Fall 1993, Spring, Summer, Fall 1994 and Spring 1995; tlc by Appleseed.<br /> <br /> [[Acacia confusa]] <br /> * Unspecified amount in bark. Lou et al. 1965<br /> * 1.43% in (dried?) root-bark Liu et at. 1977 (55.25% of total alkaloid) Root bark total alkaloid content was 2.58%<br /> * 0.04% in dried stem Arthur et at. 1967 (8.8 kg. of stems yielded 3.1 gm. NMT &amp; 1.3 gm. DMT.)<br /> * 0.8 - 2.3% in bark, DMT-Nexus analysis 2014, 2023 (https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/the-acacia-analysis-thread.321696/)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia maidenii]]<br /> * 0.24% in dry bark. Fitzgerald &amp; Sioumis 1965.<br /> * [Tentative positive in roots as the major alkaloid. (unconfirmed) tlc by Appleseed 1994) (2 year old seed grown plants)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia obtusifolia]]<br /> * Suspected to co-occur with DMT (tlc by Appleseed).<br /> *Mulga ran hplc-ms and observed what appeared to be a simple tryptamine but was unclear if the identity was this alkaloid or tryptamine as the parent fragments seemed to be lacking; see http://www. lycaeum.org/drugsiplants/ tryptamines/acacia/species.htm &amp; Trout's Notes on Acacias 2004.<br /> *60% of total alkaloid in common form - D. Siebert 1997; southern Cross Uni. 2000 cited by Nen<br /> <br /> [[Acacia rigidula]]<br /> *4.6 ppm in early spring/54.9 ppm in late fall. Fresh leaves, petioles &amp; tender twigs. Clement et al. 1998<br /> <br /> [[Acacia simplicifolia]] [=A. simplex]<br /> *1.44% in bark and 0.29% in twigs. <br /> * Stem bark has 3.6% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (40% of total)<br /> * Twigs have 0.11% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (26.3% of total). Poupat et al. 1976 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Anadenanthera spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Anadenanthera peregrina]]<br /> * No.24625; Origin: Boa Vista, Brazil]. -Traces in dry bark. (Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes)<br /> * Bark of Brazilian material (as Piptadenia). Legler &amp; Tschesche 1963 reported a mixture of 5-MeO-NMT and NMT as comprising 41% of the crude base.<br /> * as Piptadenia peregrina bark (Colombia in 1956). (Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Arthrophytum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum leptocladum]] M.Popov (Thin -stemmed Haloxyton)<br /> * 0.575% by dry weight in 1 year old Green shoots (Flowering stage) (3.7% total alkaloid content; Major alkaloid. Cooccurring with 2 b-carbolines.) Platonova el at. 1958. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * In leaf and stem. Smith 1977b cited Yurashevski 1941 Zhur. Obsch.Chem. 11:157 and Rousseau et al. 1966 Bull.Soc.Pharm.Nancy 71:31<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum wackchanica]] [A. wakhanicum?J<br /> * Smith 1977b cited Orekhov 1955 ref <br /> <br /> === Calycanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> Calycanthus has been listed as containing NMT. This is probably in error. Manske 1931a &amp; 193lc reported NMT as a degradation product of Calycanthine. Unable to locate any reference indicating its actual presence.<br /> <br /> === Delosperma spp. ===<br /> <br /> Presence of MMT in Delosperma spp. is unproven, except for the unpublished data involving work done by the Smith, Kline &amp; French Laboratories. (Cited by Raffauf 1970). Smith 1977b cited Rivier &amp; Pilet 1971 and Deulofeu 1973. Both had cited Raffauf 1970.<br /> <br /> * Assays by Appleseed 1994- 1996 ref Trout's Notes:<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma acuminatum]]<br /> * Faint. Sept., Nov. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma brittenae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma cooperi]]<br /> * Sept. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's and Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hallii]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma harazianum]]<br /> * Audhali Plateau, Yemen Nov. 1995 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hirtum]]<br /> * Dec. 94 (Ehrlichs) Nov. 95 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma klinghardtianum]]<br /> * Nov. and Dec. assays. Sole base present. (Xanthydrol and Ehrlich's) Not seen Sept. 96 assay.<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma litorale]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma pageanum]]<br /> * Same plant tested Christmas 1994) 2 Nov. 1995. Dark band (Xanthydrol)<br /> * Different plant from same source) Dec. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delospemrma tradescantioides]]<br /> * Nov. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's). Suspected MMT was major. All faint.<br /> <br /> === Desmanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus illinoensis]]<br /> * 0.11% in Root bark (dried) and 0. 0016% in Root wood (dried) Thompson et al. 1987 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus leptobolus]]<br /> * Tentative NMT presence in dried root bark (present in most but not all specimens) Appleseed tlc 1993-1994.<br /> <br /> <br /> === Diplopterys spp. === <br /> [[Diplopterys cabrerana]]<br /> * Traces in leaf. Agurell et al. ( 1968)a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Girgensohnia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Girgensohnia diptera]] Bge.<br /> * Yurashevski &amp; Stepanov(a?) 1939 (Smith 1977b) ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Haloxylon scoparium]]<br /> * Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997<br /> <br /> === Hammada spp. ====<br /> <br /> [[Hammada leptoclada]]<br /> * In leaf and stem. Orazkulyev et at. 1964 (Grazkuliev et at. 1964 Zh. prikl.Khim. Leningr., 37: 1394; according to Arthur et at. 1967.)<br /> <br /> === Hordeum vulgare ===<br /> * roots of seedlings?) Schneider &amp; Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Justicia spp. ===<br /> [[Justicia pectoralis]]<br /> *In leaf. Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997 <br /> *var. stenophylla -In leaf. 31 August 1994 harvest. Faint band corresponding MMT. TLC by Appleseed ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Mimosa spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]].<br /> * 0.0012% dry wt. in roots. Batista et al. 1999<br /> * In stem Batista &amp; Almeida 1997 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa scabrella]]<br /> * In bark. De Moraes et al. 1990 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa somnians]]<br /> * 0.029% in dry whole plant. Gupta et al. 1979<br /> <br /> === Nectandra spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Nectandra megapotamica]] (Sprg.) Chodat &amp; Hassler<br /> 0.57 gm. from 5.7 kg. of finely powdered bark. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975<br /> <br /> === Petalostylis spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Petalostylis labicheoides]]<br /> * var. casseoides. This is in error [Chemical Abstracts] See Johns et al. 1966a (Included by a number of references including Mears &amp; Mabry in Harbourne et al. 1971: 146)<br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * cv. Ottawa Synthetic - Amounts not given. Detected by tlc. Woods &amp; Clark 1971<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * cv. AQ-1 Occurence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> * Commercial) Weak occurrence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris tuberosa]]<br /> * cv. Australian Commercial - Minor alkaloid in seedlings. Mack et al. 1988<br /> * A minor alkaloid in 7 day old seedlings. Mulvena &amp; Slaytor 1983<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris paradoxa]] (Romania)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris truncata]] (France)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> === Psychotria spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria carthaginensis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Marcos. Collected 4 Sept 1968.] Traces of NMT Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria viridis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Zapote. Collected 22 July 1968]. Traces of NMT and 2-Methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-B-carboline as minor alkaloids. Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *&quot;Kawa Kut'; Sharanahua Indians, Marcos. Collected 7 October, 1968). NMT was major alkaloid in leaf [85% of 0.11% total alkaloids by dry wt.]. DMT was absent (12% of O.11% total] Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Swainsona spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Swainsona galegifolia]] (=S. coronillifolia Salisb.) <br /> *(Possible assay in stem and leaf. Contradictory results.) tlc by J. Appleseed<br /> <br /> === Tachigalia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Tachigalia paniculata]] A ubi.<br /> 0.005% w/w of previously prepared inflorescence extract. No information on plant we ight. Svoboda et af.<br /> 1979<br /> <br /> === Testulea spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Testulea gabonensis]]<br /> * Total alkaloids in Stem bark- 2.5% and in Root bark- 5%. N-Methyltryptamine was 90% of total. Leboeuf et al. 1977 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Virola spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Snuff]]<br /> *'Epena'· [No.24574; Origin: Rio Cauaburi, Brazil] - 0.014% N-Methyltryptamine: i.e. 14.3 mg. / 100 grams of sn uff. (2% of 715 mg total alkaloid per 100 gm.]<br /> * &quot; Nytzkwtina&quot; [No . 24626; Origin: Tototobi, Brazil] - Traces Agurell et al. 1969<br /> * Snuff: &quot; Epena&quot; ( Virola?) Snuff as prepared by Waica Indians (collected 1965). MMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT]. Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967<br /> <br /> [[Virola calophylla]]<br /> * [No.24603; Origin: Manaus, Brazil] Flowering shoots- 0.0077% NMT; 7.7 mg/ 100 gm (4% of 193 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots]; Leaf- 0.0062% NMT i.e. 6.2 mg/ 100 gm [4% of 155 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry leaves]. Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *Bark collected in Manaus, Brazil during 1964. NMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT). Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Virola rufulla]]<br /> * No.24612: Origin : Manaus, Brazil]. Leaf- 0.0059% i.e. 5.88 mg/ 100 gm [6% of 98 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry leaf]. Agurell et al. 1969<br /> <br /> [[Virola sebifera]]<br /> * Present in bark Kawanishi et al. 1985<br /> * Paste: Virola sebifera (DMK-40; Don Marcos no. I) NMT 1.38 mg/ ml. McKenna et al. 1984a<br /> <br /> [[Virola theiodora]]<br /> * No.24595; Origin: Manaus, Brazil. Bark- 0.0025% (i.e. 2.5 mg/ 100 gm) [1% of 250 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry]. - Flowering shoots- 0.033% (i.e. 32.9 mg/ 100 gm) [7% of 470mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots] - Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Bark- 0.0034% [8 mg from 235 gm. of bark]. Cassady et al. 1972, also 1971 The latter cited Cassady et al. 1970 (Published 1972] ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Zanthoxylum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]<br /> * 0.002% in lear (dry weight) Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Humans and other animals ===<br /> <br /> *Animals:<br /> [[Villagorgia rubra]] (A sea fan from New Caledonia)<br /> * Espada et al. 1993 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Paramuricea chamaeleon]]<br /> 30 mg. of NMT isolated from 200 grams of coral. Cimino&amp; DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Humans]]<br /> * Found in cerebrospinal fluid of some psychotics and some normal people by Corbett et al. 1978. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Oon &amp; Rodnight 1977 thought they observed in psychoties but did not prove.<br /> * See Davis 1989 for many more references on the reported natural occurrences of N-methyltryptamine in humans:<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> 30-100mg vaporised (duration 45-70 minutes), 50-180mg orally with MAOIs (duration 2-5 hours) - Nen (2001; 2011); Shulgin TIKHAL (1997)<br /> <br /> == Analysis of NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Colorimetric reagents ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=278350&amp;&amp;replacenum;post278350 Colorimetric reagent test results]<br /> <br /> === TLC ===<br /> <br /> Coming soon<br /> <br /> === GC-MS ===<br /> <br /> * Retention times for Amine 220, CHDMS and DEGS columns: Audette et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Expanded Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> MS:<br /> *[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997] HCI: (m/z) C2H6N+ 44 (100%);Indolemethylene' 131 , 130 (61%, 51%); parent ion 174 (2%)<br /> * Williams et al. 1971: [m/e 44, 103, 115, 130, 131, 143, 174]<br /> * Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967: [m/e 44 (base peak), 103, 115, 130, 131, 145, 174 (M+)]. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> Other Info:<br /> * GLC: Christian et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GLC-MS of HFB derivative: Benington et al. 1975; Vessman et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GC-MS: De Moraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === IR ===<br /> <br /> * Graphic portrayal. page 774 in Clarke's 1986.<br /> * [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997]: Base: (cm-1): 740, 1018, 1103, 1132, 1161<br /> HCl: (cm-1): 748.850, 1009, 1104. 1119, 1136<br /> <br /> === NMR ===<br /> <br /> Cohen et al. 1960; De Moraes et al. 1990; Fi1ho &amp; Gilbert 1975; Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/NMT 2024-05-29T16:01:55Z

<p>Historian: /* Acacia spp. */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> [[Image:Nmt.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''NMT Molecule'']]<br /> <br /> == Brief overview - What is NMT? ==<br /> <br /> NMT is a tryptamine found in several plants, previously thought to be inactive, but novel research done by [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Nen888] has shown it to be psychoactive.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> For solubility, melting point, etc, check the [[Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties#NMT|NMT Chemical and Physical Properties]] WIKI<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> DMT Nexus user reports:<br /> <br /> * 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT. A slower onset than DMT, coming up after about 3-5 minutes and peaking within a minute, with residual low effects over an hour to 70 minutes thereafter. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=269093#post269093 Nen (2001)])<br /> <br /> * A higher body load and lower visual and mental activity than DMT. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=51413 Arcologist])<br /> <br /> * Further info: [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml TIHKAL NMT entry]<br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Entheogenic Effects of NMT]<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> *Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763413 Source])<br /> <br /> == Plants containing NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Acacia albida]] (Faidherbia albida)<br /> * Possible but unconfirmed presence. Detected· in Fall 1993, Spring, Summer, Fall 1994 and Spring 1995; tlc by Appleseed.<br /> <br /> [[Acacia confusa]] <br /> * Unspecified amount in bark. Lou et al. 1965<br /> * 1.43% in (dried?) root-bark Liu et at. 1977 (55.25% of total alkaloid) Root bark total alkaloid content was 2.58%<br /> * 0.04% in dried stem Arthur et at. 1967 (8.8 kg. of stems yielded 3.1 gm. NMT &amp; 1.3 gm. DMT.)<br /> * 0.8 - 2.3% in bark, DMT-Nexus analysis 2023 (https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/the-acacia-analysis-thread.321696/)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia maidenii]]<br /> * 0.24% in dry bark. Fitzgerald &amp; Sioumis 1965.<br /> * [Tentative positive in roots as the major alkaloid. (unconfirmed) tlc by Appleseed 1994) (2 year old seed grown plants)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia obtusifolia]]<br /> * Suspected to co-occur with DMT (tlc by Appleseed).<br /> *Mulga ran hplc-ms and observed what appeared to be a simple tryptamine but was unclear if the identity was this alkaloid or tryptamine as the parent fragments seemed to be lacking; see http://www. lycaeum.org/drugsiplants/ tryptamines/acacia/species.htm &amp; Trout's Notes on Acacias 2004.<br /> *60% of total alkaloid in common form - D. Siebert 1997; southern Cross Uni. 2000 cited by Nen<br /> <br /> [[Acacia rigidula]]<br /> *4.6 ppm in early spring/54.9 ppm in late fall. Fresh leaves, petioles &amp; tender twigs. Clement et al. 1998<br /> <br /> [[Acacia simplicifolia]] [=A. simplex]<br /> *1.44% in bark and 0.29% in twigs. <br /> * Stem bark has 3.6% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (40% of total)<br /> * Twigs have 0.11% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (26.3% of total). Poupat et al. 1976 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Anadenanthera spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Anadenanthera peregrina]]<br /> * No.24625; Origin: Boa Vista, Brazil]. -Traces in dry bark. (Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes)<br /> * Bark of Brazilian material (as Piptadenia). Legler &amp; Tschesche 1963 reported a mixture of 5-MeO-NMT and NMT as comprising 41% of the crude base.<br /> * as Piptadenia peregrina bark (Colombia in 1956). (Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Arthrophytum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum leptocladum]] M.Popov (Thin -stemmed Haloxyton)<br /> * 0.575% by dry weight in 1 year old Green shoots (Flowering stage) (3.7% total alkaloid content; Major alkaloid. Cooccurring with 2 b-carbolines.) Platonova el at. 1958. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * In leaf and stem. Smith 1977b cited Yurashevski 1941 Zhur. Obsch.Chem. 11:157 and Rousseau et al. 1966 Bull.Soc.Pharm.Nancy 71:31<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum wackchanica]] [A. wakhanicum?J<br /> * Smith 1977b cited Orekhov 1955 ref <br /> <br /> === Calycanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> Calycanthus has been listed as containing NMT. This is probably in error. Manske 1931a &amp; 193lc reported NMT as a degradation product of Calycanthine. Unable to locate any reference indicating its actual presence.<br /> <br /> === Delosperma spp. ===<br /> <br /> Presence of MMT in Delosperma spp. is unproven, except for the unpublished data involving work done by the Smith, Kline &amp; French Laboratories. (Cited by Raffauf 1970). Smith 1977b cited Rivier &amp; Pilet 1971 and Deulofeu 1973. Both had cited Raffauf 1970.<br /> <br /> * Assays by Appleseed 1994- 1996 ref Trout's Notes:<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma acuminatum]]<br /> * Faint. Sept., Nov. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma brittenae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma cooperi]]<br /> * Sept. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's and Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hallii]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma harazianum]]<br /> * Audhali Plateau, Yemen Nov. 1995 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hirtum]]<br /> * Dec. 94 (Ehrlichs) Nov. 95 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma klinghardtianum]]<br /> * Nov. and Dec. assays. Sole base present. (Xanthydrol and Ehrlich's) Not seen Sept. 96 assay.<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma litorale]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma pageanum]]<br /> * Same plant tested Christmas 1994) 2 Nov. 1995. Dark band (Xanthydrol)<br /> * Different plant from same source) Dec. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delospemrma tradescantioides]]<br /> * Nov. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's). Suspected MMT was major. All faint.<br /> <br /> === Desmanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus illinoensis]]<br /> * 0.11% in Root bark (dried) and 0. 0016% in Root wood (dried) Thompson et al. 1987 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus leptobolus]]<br /> * Tentative NMT presence in dried root bark (present in most but not all specimens) Appleseed tlc 1993-1994.<br /> <br /> <br /> === Diplopterys spp. === <br /> [[Diplopterys cabrerana]]<br /> * Traces in leaf. Agurell et al. ( 1968)a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Girgensohnia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Girgensohnia diptera]] Bge.<br /> * Yurashevski &amp; Stepanov(a?) 1939 (Smith 1977b) ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Haloxylon scoparium]]<br /> * Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997<br /> <br /> === Hammada spp. ====<br /> <br /> [[Hammada leptoclada]]<br /> * In leaf and stem. Orazkulyev et at. 1964 (Grazkuliev et at. 1964 Zh. prikl.Khim. Leningr., 37: 1394; according to Arthur et at. 1967.)<br /> <br /> === Hordeum vulgare ===<br /> * roots of seedlings?) Schneider &amp; Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Justicia spp. ===<br /> [[Justicia pectoralis]]<br /> *In leaf. Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997 <br /> *var. stenophylla -In leaf. 31 August 1994 harvest. Faint band corresponding MMT. TLC by Appleseed ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Mimosa spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]].<br /> * 0.0012% dry wt. in roots. Batista et al. 1999<br /> * In stem Batista &amp; Almeida 1997 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa scabrella]]<br /> * In bark. De Moraes et al. 1990 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa somnians]]<br /> * 0.029% in dry whole plant. Gupta et al. 1979<br /> <br /> === Nectandra spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Nectandra megapotamica]] (Sprg.) Chodat &amp; Hassler<br /> 0.57 gm. from 5.7 kg. of finely powdered bark. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975<br /> <br /> === Petalostylis spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Petalostylis labicheoides]]<br /> * var. casseoides. This is in error [Chemical Abstracts] See Johns et al. 1966a (Included by a number of references including Mears &amp; Mabry in Harbourne et al. 1971: 146)<br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * cv. Ottawa Synthetic - Amounts not given. Detected by tlc. Woods &amp; Clark 1971<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * cv. AQ-1 Occurence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> * Commercial) Weak occurrence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris tuberosa]]<br /> * cv. Australian Commercial - Minor alkaloid in seedlings. Mack et al. 1988<br /> * A minor alkaloid in 7 day old seedlings. Mulvena &amp; Slaytor 1983<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris paradoxa]] (Romania)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris truncata]] (France)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> === Psychotria spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria carthaginensis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Marcos. Collected 4 Sept 1968.] Traces of NMT Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria viridis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Zapote. Collected 22 July 1968]. Traces of NMT and 2-Methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-B-carboline as minor alkaloids. Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *&quot;Kawa Kut'; Sharanahua Indians, Marcos. Collected 7 October, 1968). NMT was major alkaloid in leaf [85% of 0.11% total alkaloids by dry wt.]. DMT was absent (12% of O.11% total] Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Swainsona spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Swainsona galegifolia]] (=S. coronillifolia Salisb.) <br /> *(Possible assay in stem and leaf. Contradictory results.) tlc by J. Appleseed<br /> <br /> === Tachigalia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Tachigalia paniculata]] A ubi.<br /> 0.005% w/w of previously prepared inflorescence extract. No information on plant we ight. Svoboda et af.<br /> 1979<br /> <br /> === Testulea spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Testulea gabonensis]]<br /> * Total alkaloids in Stem bark- 2.5% and in Root bark- 5%. N-Methyltryptamine was 90% of total. Leboeuf et al. 1977 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Virola spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Snuff]]<br /> *'Epena'· [No.24574; Origin: Rio Cauaburi, Brazil] - 0.014% N-Methyltryptamine: i.e. 14.3 mg. / 100 grams of sn uff. (2% of 715 mg total alkaloid per 100 gm.]<br /> * &quot; Nytzkwtina&quot; [No . 24626; Origin: Tototobi, Brazil] - Traces Agurell et al. 1969<br /> * Snuff: &quot; Epena&quot; ( Virola?) Snuff as prepared by Waica Indians (collected 1965). MMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT]. Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967<br /> <br /> [[Virola calophylla]]<br /> * [No.24603; Origin: Manaus, Brazil] Flowering shoots- 0.0077% NMT; 7.7 mg/ 100 gm (4% of 193 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots]; Leaf- 0.0062% NMT i.e. 6.2 mg/ 100 gm [4% of 155 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry leaves]. Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *Bark collected in Manaus, Brazil during 1964. NMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT). Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Virola rufulla]]<br /> * No.24612: Origin : Manaus, Brazil]. Leaf- 0.0059% i.e. 5.88 mg/ 100 gm [6% of 98 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry leaf]. Agurell et al. 1969<br /> <br /> [[Virola sebifera]]<br /> * Present in bark Kawanishi et al. 1985<br /> * Paste: Virola sebifera (DMK-40; Don Marcos no. I) NMT 1.38 mg/ ml. McKenna et al. 1984a<br /> <br /> [[Virola theiodora]]<br /> * No.24595; Origin: Manaus, Brazil. Bark- 0.0025% (i.e. 2.5 mg/ 100 gm) [1% of 250 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry]. - Flowering shoots- 0.033% (i.e. 32.9 mg/ 100 gm) [7% of 470mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots] - Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Bark- 0.0034% [8 mg from 235 gm. of bark]. Cassady et al. 1972, also 1971 The latter cited Cassady et al. 1970 (Published 1972] ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Zanthoxylum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]<br /> * 0.002% in lear (dry weight) Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Humans and other animals ===<br /> <br /> *Animals:<br /> [[Villagorgia rubra]] (A sea fan from New Caledonia)<br /> * Espada et al. 1993 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Paramuricea chamaeleon]]<br /> 30 mg. of NMT isolated from 200 grams of coral. Cimino&amp; DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Humans]]<br /> * Found in cerebrospinal fluid of some psychotics and some normal people by Corbett et al. 1978. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Oon &amp; Rodnight 1977 thought they observed in psychoties but did not prove.<br /> * See Davis 1989 for many more references on the reported natural occurrences of N-methyltryptamine in humans:<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> 30-100mg vaporised (duration 45-70 minutes), 50-180mg orally with MAOIs (duration 2-5 hours) - Nen (2001; 2011); Shulgin TIKHAL (1997)<br /> <br /> == Analysis of NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Colorimetric reagents ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=278350&amp;&amp;replacenum;post278350 Colorimetric reagent test results]<br /> <br /> === TLC ===<br /> <br /> Coming soon<br /> <br /> === GC-MS ===<br /> <br /> * Retention times for Amine 220, CHDMS and DEGS columns: Audette et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Expanded Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> MS:<br /> *[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997] HCI: (m/z) C2H6N+ 44 (100%);Indolemethylene' 131 , 130 (61%, 51%); parent ion 174 (2%)<br /> * Williams et al. 1971: [m/e 44, 103, 115, 130, 131, 143, 174]<br /> * Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967: [m/e 44 (base peak), 103, 115, 130, 131, 145, 174 (M+)]. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> Other Info:<br /> * GLC: Christian et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GLC-MS of HFB derivative: Benington et al. 1975; Vessman et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GC-MS: De Moraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === IR ===<br /> <br /> * Graphic portrayal. page 774 in Clarke's 1986.<br /> * [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997]: Base: (cm-1): 740, 1018, 1103, 1132, 1161<br /> HCl: (cm-1): 748.850, 1009, 1104. 1119, 1136<br /> <br /> === NMR ===<br /> <br /> Cohen et al. 1960; De Moraes et al. 1990; Fi1ho &amp; Gilbert 1975; Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/NMT 2024-05-29T16:01:12Z

<p>Historian: /* Acacia spp. */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> [[Image:Nmt.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''NMT Molecule'']]<br /> <br /> == Brief overview - What is NMT? ==<br /> <br /> NMT is a tryptamine found in several plants, previously thought to be inactive, but novel research done by [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Nen888] has shown it to be psychoactive.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> For solubility, melting point, etc, check the [[Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties#NMT|NMT Chemical and Physical Properties]] WIKI<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> DMT Nexus user reports:<br /> <br /> * 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT. A slower onset than DMT, coming up after about 3-5 minutes and peaking within a minute, with residual low effects over an hour to 70 minutes thereafter. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=269093#post269093 Nen (2001)])<br /> <br /> * A higher body load and lower visual and mental activity than DMT. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=51413 Arcologist])<br /> <br /> * Further info: [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml TIHKAL NMT entry]<br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Entheogenic Effects of NMT]<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> *Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763413 Source])<br /> <br /> == Plants containing NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Acacia albida]] (Faidherbia albida)<br /> * Possible but unconfirmed presence. Detected· in Fall 1993, Spring, Summer, Fall 1994 and Spring 1995; tlc by Appleseed.<br /> <br /> [[Acacia confusa]] <br /> * Unspecified amount in bark. Lou et al. 1965<br /> * 1.43% in (dried?) root-bark Liu et at. 1977 (55.25% of total alkaloid) Root bark total alkaloid content was 2.58%<br /> * 0.04% in dried stem Arthur et at. 1967 (8.8 kg. of stems yielded 3.1 gm. NMT &amp; 1.3 gm. DMT.)<br /> * 0.8 - 2.3% in bark - DMT-Nexus analysis 2023 (https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/the-acacia-analysis-thread.321696/)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia maidenii]]<br /> * 0.24% in dry bark. Fitzgerald &amp; Sioumis 1965.<br /> * [Tentative positive in roots as the major alkaloid. (unconfirmed) tlc by Appleseed 1994) (2 year old seed grown plants)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia obtusifolia]]<br /> * Suspected to co-occur with DMT (tlc by Appleseed).<br /> *Mulga ran hplc-ms and observed what appeared to be a simple tryptamine but was unclear if the identity was this alkaloid or tryptamine as the parent fragments seemed to be lacking; see http://www. lycaeum.org/drugsiplants/ tryptamines/acacia/species.htm &amp; Trout's Notes on Acacias 2004.<br /> *60% of total alkaloid in common form - D. Siebert 1997; southern Cross Uni. 2000 cited by Nen<br /> <br /> [[Acacia rigidula]]<br /> *4.6 ppm in early spring/54.9 ppm in late fall. Fresh leaves, petioles &amp; tender twigs. Clement et al. 1998<br /> <br /> [[Acacia simplicifolia]] [=A. simplex]<br /> *1.44% in bark and 0.29% in twigs. <br /> * Stem bark has 3.6% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (40% of total)<br /> * Twigs have 0.11% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (26.3% of total). Poupat et al. 1976 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Anadenanthera spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Anadenanthera peregrina]]<br /> * No.24625; Origin: Boa Vista, Brazil]. -Traces in dry bark. (Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes)<br /> * Bark of Brazilian material (as Piptadenia). Legler &amp; Tschesche 1963 reported a mixture of 5-MeO-NMT and NMT as comprising 41% of the crude base.<br /> * as Piptadenia peregrina bark (Colombia in 1956). (Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Arthrophytum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum leptocladum]] M.Popov (Thin -stemmed Haloxyton)<br /> * 0.575% by dry weight in 1 year old Green shoots (Flowering stage) (3.7% total alkaloid content; Major alkaloid. Cooccurring with 2 b-carbolines.) Platonova el at. 1958. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * In leaf and stem. Smith 1977b cited Yurashevski 1941 Zhur. Obsch.Chem. 11:157 and Rousseau et al. 1966 Bull.Soc.Pharm.Nancy 71:31<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum wackchanica]] [A. wakhanicum?J<br /> * Smith 1977b cited Orekhov 1955 ref <br /> <br /> === Calycanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> Calycanthus has been listed as containing NMT. This is probably in error. Manske 1931a &amp; 193lc reported NMT as a degradation product of Calycanthine. Unable to locate any reference indicating its actual presence.<br /> <br /> === Delosperma spp. ===<br /> <br /> Presence of MMT in Delosperma spp. is unproven, except for the unpublished data involving work done by the Smith, Kline &amp; French Laboratories. (Cited by Raffauf 1970). Smith 1977b cited Rivier &amp; Pilet 1971 and Deulofeu 1973. Both had cited Raffauf 1970.<br /> <br /> * Assays by Appleseed 1994- 1996 ref Trout's Notes:<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma acuminatum]]<br /> * Faint. Sept., Nov. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma brittenae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma cooperi]]<br /> * Sept. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's and Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hallii]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma harazianum]]<br /> * Audhali Plateau, Yemen Nov. 1995 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hirtum]]<br /> * Dec. 94 (Ehrlichs) Nov. 95 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma klinghardtianum]]<br /> * Nov. and Dec. assays. Sole base present. (Xanthydrol and Ehrlich's) Not seen Sept. 96 assay.<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma litorale]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma pageanum]]<br /> * Same plant tested Christmas 1994) 2 Nov. 1995. Dark band (Xanthydrol)<br /> * Different plant from same source) Dec. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delospemrma tradescantioides]]<br /> * Nov. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's). Suspected MMT was major. All faint.<br /> <br /> === Desmanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus illinoensis]]<br /> * 0.11% in Root bark (dried) and 0. 0016% in Root wood (dried) Thompson et al. 1987 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus leptobolus]]<br /> * Tentative NMT presence in dried root bark (present in most but not all specimens) Appleseed tlc 1993-1994.<br /> <br /> <br /> === Diplopterys spp. === <br /> [[Diplopterys cabrerana]]<br /> * Traces in leaf. Agurell et al. ( 1968)a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Girgensohnia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Girgensohnia diptera]] Bge.<br /> * Yurashevski &amp; Stepanov(a?) 1939 (Smith 1977b) ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Haloxylon scoparium]]<br /> * Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997<br /> <br /> === Hammada spp. ====<br /> <br /> [[Hammada leptoclada]]<br /> * In leaf and stem. Orazkulyev et at. 1964 (Grazkuliev et at. 1964 Zh. prikl.Khim. Leningr., 37: 1394; according to Arthur et at. 1967.)<br /> <br /> === Hordeum vulgare ===<br /> * roots of seedlings?) Schneider &amp; Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Justicia spp. ===<br /> [[Justicia pectoralis]]<br /> *In leaf. Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997 <br /> *var. stenophylla -In leaf. 31 August 1994 harvest. Faint band corresponding MMT. TLC by Appleseed ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Mimosa spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]].<br /> * 0.0012% dry wt. in roots. Batista et al. 1999<br /> * In stem Batista &amp; Almeida 1997 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa scabrella]]<br /> * In bark. De Moraes et al. 1990 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa somnians]]<br /> * 0.029% in dry whole plant. Gupta et al. 1979<br /> <br /> === Nectandra spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Nectandra megapotamica]] (Sprg.) Chodat &amp; Hassler<br /> 0.57 gm. from 5.7 kg. of finely powdered bark. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975<br /> <br /> === Petalostylis spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Petalostylis labicheoides]]<br /> * var. casseoides. This is in error [Chemical Abstracts] See Johns et al. 1966a (Included by a number of references including Mears &amp; Mabry in Harbourne et al. 1971: 146)<br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * cv. Ottawa Synthetic - Amounts not given. Detected by tlc. Woods &amp; Clark 1971<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * cv. AQ-1 Occurence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> * Commercial) Weak occurrence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris tuberosa]]<br /> * cv. Australian Commercial - Minor alkaloid in seedlings. Mack et al. 1988<br /> * A minor alkaloid in 7 day old seedlings. Mulvena &amp; Slaytor 1983<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris paradoxa]] (Romania)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris truncata]] (France)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> === Psychotria spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria carthaginensis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Marcos. Collected 4 Sept 1968.] Traces of NMT Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria viridis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Zapote. Collected 22 July 1968]. Traces of NMT and 2-Methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-B-carboline as minor alkaloids. Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *&quot;Kawa Kut'; Sharanahua Indians, Marcos. Collected 7 October, 1968). NMT was major alkaloid in leaf [85% of 0.11% total alkaloids by dry wt.]. DMT was absent (12% of O.11% total] Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Swainsona spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Swainsona galegifolia]] (=S. coronillifolia Salisb.) <br /> *(Possible assay in stem and leaf. Contradictory results.) tlc by J. Appleseed<br /> <br /> === Tachigalia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Tachigalia paniculata]] A ubi.<br /> 0.005% w/w of previously prepared inflorescence extract. No information on plant we ight. Svoboda et af.<br /> 1979<br /> <br /> === Testulea spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Testulea gabonensis]]<br /> * Total alkaloids in Stem bark- 2.5% and in Root bark- 5%. N-Methyltryptamine was 90% of total. Leboeuf et al. 1977 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Virola spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Snuff]]<br /> *'Epena'· [No.24574; Origin: Rio Cauaburi, Brazil] - 0.014% N-Methyltryptamine: i.e. 14.3 mg. / 100 grams of sn uff. (2% of 715 mg total alkaloid per 100 gm.]<br /> * &quot; Nytzkwtina&quot; [No . 24626; Origin: Tototobi, Brazil] - Traces Agurell et al. 1969<br /> * Snuff: &quot; Epena&quot; ( Virola?) Snuff as prepared by Waica Indians (collected 1965). MMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT]. Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967<br /> <br /> [[Virola calophylla]]<br /> * [No.24603; Origin: Manaus, Brazil] Flowering shoots- 0.0077% NMT; 7.7 mg/ 100 gm (4% of 193 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots]; Leaf- 0.0062% NMT i.e. 6.2 mg/ 100 gm [4% of 155 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry leaves]. Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *Bark collected in Manaus, Brazil during 1964. NMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT). Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Virola rufulla]]<br /> * No.24612: Origin : Manaus, Brazil]. Leaf- 0.0059% i.e. 5.88 mg/ 100 gm [6% of 98 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry leaf]. Agurell et al. 1969<br /> <br /> [[Virola sebifera]]<br /> * Present in bark Kawanishi et al. 1985<br /> * Paste: Virola sebifera (DMK-40; Don Marcos no. I) NMT 1.38 mg/ ml. McKenna et al. 1984a<br /> <br /> [[Virola theiodora]]<br /> * No.24595; Origin: Manaus, Brazil. Bark- 0.0025% (i.e. 2.5 mg/ 100 gm) [1% of 250 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry]. - Flowering shoots- 0.033% (i.e. 32.9 mg/ 100 gm) [7% of 470mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots] - Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Bark- 0.0034% [8 mg from 235 gm. of bark]. Cassady et al. 1972, also 1971 The latter cited Cassady et al. 1970 (Published 1972] ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Zanthoxylum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]<br /> * 0.002% in lear (dry weight) Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Humans and other animals ===<br /> <br /> *Animals:<br /> [[Villagorgia rubra]] (A sea fan from New Caledonia)<br /> * Espada et al. 1993 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Paramuricea chamaeleon]]<br /> 30 mg. of NMT isolated from 200 grams of coral. Cimino&amp; DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Humans]]<br /> * Found in cerebrospinal fluid of some psychotics and some normal people by Corbett et al. 1978. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Oon &amp; Rodnight 1977 thought they observed in psychoties but did not prove.<br /> * See Davis 1989 for many more references on the reported natural occurrences of N-methyltryptamine in humans:<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> 30-100mg vaporised (duration 45-70 minutes), 50-180mg orally with MAOIs (duration 2-5 hours) - Nen (2001; 2011); Shulgin TIKHAL (1997)<br /> <br /> == Analysis of NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Colorimetric reagents ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=278350&amp;&amp;replacenum;post278350 Colorimetric reagent test results]<br /> <br /> === TLC ===<br /> <br /> Coming soon<br /> <br /> === GC-MS ===<br /> <br /> * Retention times for Amine 220, CHDMS and DEGS columns: Audette et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Expanded Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> MS:<br /> *[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997] HCI: (m/z) C2H6N+ 44 (100%);Indolemethylene' 131 , 130 (61%, 51%); parent ion 174 (2%)<br /> * Williams et al. 1971: [m/e 44, 103, 115, 130, 131, 143, 174]<br /> * Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967: [m/e 44 (base peak), 103, 115, 130, 131, 145, 174 (M+)]. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> Other Info:<br /> * GLC: Christian et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GLC-MS of HFB derivative: Benington et al. 1975; Vessman et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GC-MS: De Moraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === IR ===<br /> <br /> * Graphic portrayal. page 774 in Clarke's 1986.<br /> * [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997]: Base: (cm-1): 740, 1018, 1103, 1132, 1161<br /> HCl: (cm-1): 748.850, 1009, 1104. 1119, 1136<br /> <br /> === NMR ===<br /> <br /> Cohen et al. 1960; De Moraes et al. 1990; Fi1ho &amp; Gilbert 1975; Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/NMT 2024-05-29T15:59:14Z

<p>Historian: /* Acacia spp. */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> [[Image:Nmt.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''NMT Molecule'']]<br /> <br /> == Brief overview - What is NMT? ==<br /> <br /> NMT is a tryptamine found in several plants, previously thought to be inactive, but novel research done by [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Nen888] has shown it to be psychoactive.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> For solubility, melting point, etc, check the [[Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties#NMT|NMT Chemical and Physical Properties]] WIKI<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> DMT Nexus user reports:<br /> <br /> * 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT. A slower onset than DMT, coming up after about 3-5 minutes and peaking within a minute, with residual low effects over an hour to 70 minutes thereafter. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=269093#post269093 Nen (2001)])<br /> <br /> * A higher body load and lower visual and mental activity than DMT. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=51413 Arcologist])<br /> <br /> * Further info: [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml TIHKAL NMT entry]<br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Entheogenic Effects of NMT]<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> *Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763413 Source])<br /> <br /> == Plants containing NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Acacia albida]] (Faidherbia albida)<br /> * Possible but unconfirmed presence. Detected· in Fall 1993, Spring, Summer, Fall 1994 and Spring 1995; tlc by Appleseed.<br /> <br /> [[Acacia confusa]] <br /> * Unspecified amount in bark. Lou et al. 1965<br /> * 1.43% in (dried?) root-bark Liu et at. 1977 (55.25% of total alkaloid) Root bark total alkaloid content was 2.58%<br /> * 0.04% in dried stem Arthur et at. 1967 (8.8 kg. of stems yielded 3.1 gm. NMT &amp; 1.3 gm. DMT.)<br /> * up to 2.3% in bark - DMT-Nexus analysis 2023 (https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/the-acacia-analysis-thread.321696/)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia maidenii]]<br /> * 0.24% in dry bark. Fitzgerald &amp; Sioumis 1965.<br /> * [Tentative positive in roots as the major alkaloid. (unconfirmed) tlc by Appleseed 1994) (2 year old seed grown plants)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia obtusifolia]]<br /> * Suspected to co-occur with DMT (tlc by Appleseed).<br /> *Mulga ran hplc-ms and observed what appeared to be a simple tryptamine but was unclear if the identity was this alkaloid or tryptamine as the parent fragments seemed to be lacking; see http://www. lycaeum.org/drugsiplants/ tryptamines/acacia/species.htm &amp; Trout's Notes on Acacias 2004.<br /> *60% of total alkaloid in common form - D. Siebert 1997; southern Cross Uni. 2000 cited by Nen<br /> <br /> [[Acacia rigidula]]<br /> *4.6 ppm in early spring/54.9 ppm in late fall. Fresh leaves, petioles &amp; tender twigs. Clement et al. 1998<br /> <br /> [[Acacia simplicifolia]] [=A. simplex]<br /> *1.44% in bark and 0.29% in twigs. <br /> * Stem bark has 3.6% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (40% of total)<br /> * Twigs have 0.11% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (26.3% of total). Poupat et al. 1976 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Anadenanthera spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Anadenanthera peregrina]]<br /> * No.24625; Origin: Boa Vista, Brazil]. -Traces in dry bark. (Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes)<br /> * Bark of Brazilian material (as Piptadenia). Legler &amp; Tschesche 1963 reported a mixture of 5-MeO-NMT and NMT as comprising 41% of the crude base.<br /> * as Piptadenia peregrina bark (Colombia in 1956). (Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Arthrophytum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum leptocladum]] M.Popov (Thin -stemmed Haloxyton)<br /> * 0.575% by dry weight in 1 year old Green shoots (Flowering stage) (3.7% total alkaloid content; Major alkaloid. Cooccurring with 2 b-carbolines.) Platonova el at. 1958. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * In leaf and stem. Smith 1977b cited Yurashevski 1941 Zhur. Obsch.Chem. 11:157 and Rousseau et al. 1966 Bull.Soc.Pharm.Nancy 71:31<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum wackchanica]] [A. wakhanicum?J<br /> * Smith 1977b cited Orekhov 1955 ref <br /> <br /> === Calycanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> Calycanthus has been listed as containing NMT. This is probably in error. Manske 1931a &amp; 193lc reported NMT as a degradation product of Calycanthine. Unable to locate any reference indicating its actual presence.<br /> <br /> === Delosperma spp. ===<br /> <br /> Presence of MMT in Delosperma spp. is unproven, except for the unpublished data involving work done by the Smith, Kline &amp; French Laboratories. (Cited by Raffauf 1970). Smith 1977b cited Rivier &amp; Pilet 1971 and Deulofeu 1973. Both had cited Raffauf 1970.<br /> <br /> * Assays by Appleseed 1994- 1996 ref Trout's Notes:<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma acuminatum]]<br /> * Faint. Sept., Nov. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma brittenae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma cooperi]]<br /> * Sept. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's and Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hallii]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma harazianum]]<br /> * Audhali Plateau, Yemen Nov. 1995 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hirtum]]<br /> * Dec. 94 (Ehrlichs) Nov. 95 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma klinghardtianum]]<br /> * Nov. and Dec. assays. Sole base present. (Xanthydrol and Ehrlich's) Not seen Sept. 96 assay.<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma litorale]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma pageanum]]<br /> * Same plant tested Christmas 1994) 2 Nov. 1995. Dark band (Xanthydrol)<br /> * Different plant from same source) Dec. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delospemrma tradescantioides]]<br /> * Nov. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's). Suspected MMT was major. All faint.<br /> <br /> === Desmanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus illinoensis]]<br /> * 0.11% in Root bark (dried) and 0. 0016% in Root wood (dried) Thompson et al. 1987 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus leptobolus]]<br /> * Tentative NMT presence in dried root bark (present in most but not all specimens) Appleseed tlc 1993-1994.<br /> <br /> <br /> === Diplopterys spp. === <br /> [[Diplopterys cabrerana]]<br /> * Traces in leaf. Agurell et al. ( 1968)a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Girgensohnia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Girgensohnia diptera]] Bge.<br /> * Yurashevski &amp; Stepanov(a?) 1939 (Smith 1977b) ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Haloxylon scoparium]]<br /> * Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997<br /> <br /> === Hammada spp. ====<br /> <br /> [[Hammada leptoclada]]<br /> * In leaf and stem. Orazkulyev et at. 1964 (Grazkuliev et at. 1964 Zh. prikl.Khim. Leningr., 37: 1394; according to Arthur et at. 1967.)<br /> <br /> === Hordeum vulgare ===<br /> * roots of seedlings?) Schneider &amp; Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Justicia spp. ===<br /> [[Justicia pectoralis]]<br /> *In leaf. Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997 <br /> *var. stenophylla -In leaf. 31 August 1994 harvest. Faint band corresponding MMT. TLC by Appleseed ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Mimosa spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]].<br /> * 0.0012% dry wt. in roots. Batista et al. 1999<br /> * In stem Batista &amp; Almeida 1997 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa scabrella]]<br /> * In bark. De Moraes et al. 1990 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa somnians]]<br /> * 0.029% in dry whole plant. Gupta et al. 1979<br /> <br /> === Nectandra spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Nectandra megapotamica]] (Sprg.) Chodat &amp; Hassler<br /> 0.57 gm. from 5.7 kg. of finely powdered bark. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975<br /> <br /> === Petalostylis spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Petalostylis labicheoides]]<br /> * var. casseoides. This is in error [Chemical Abstracts] See Johns et al. 1966a (Included by a number of references including Mears &amp; Mabry in Harbourne et al. 1971: 146)<br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * cv. Ottawa Synthetic - Amounts not given. Detected by tlc. Woods &amp; Clark 1971<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * cv. AQ-1 Occurence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> * Commercial) Weak occurrence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris tuberosa]]<br /> * cv. Australian Commercial - Minor alkaloid in seedlings. Mack et al. 1988<br /> * A minor alkaloid in 7 day old seedlings. Mulvena &amp; Slaytor 1983<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris paradoxa]] (Romania)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris truncata]] (France)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> === Psychotria spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria carthaginensis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Marcos. Collected 4 Sept 1968.] Traces of NMT Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria viridis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Zapote. Collected 22 July 1968]. Traces of NMT and 2-Methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-B-carboline as minor alkaloids. Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *&quot;Kawa Kut'; Sharanahua Indians, Marcos. Collected 7 October, 1968). NMT was major alkaloid in leaf [85% of 0.11% total alkaloids by dry wt.]. DMT was absent (12% of O.11% total] Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Swainsona spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Swainsona galegifolia]] (=S. coronillifolia Salisb.) <br /> *(Possible assay in stem and leaf. Contradictory results.) tlc by J. Appleseed<br /> <br /> === Tachigalia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Tachigalia paniculata]] A ubi.<br /> 0.005% w/w of previously prepared inflorescence extract. No information on plant we ight. Svoboda et af.<br /> 1979<br /> <br /> === Testulea spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Testulea gabonensis]]<br /> * Total alkaloids in Stem bark- 2.5% and in Root bark- 5%. N-Methyltryptamine was 90% of total. Leboeuf et al. 1977 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Virola spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Snuff]]<br /> *'Epena'· [No.24574; Origin: Rio Cauaburi, Brazil] - 0.014% N-Methyltryptamine: i.e. 14.3 mg. / 100 grams of sn uff. (2% of 715 mg total alkaloid per 100 gm.]<br /> * &quot; Nytzkwtina&quot; [No . 24626; Origin: Tototobi, Brazil] - Traces Agurell et al. 1969<br /> * Snuff: &quot; Epena&quot; ( Virola?) Snuff as prepared by Waica Indians (collected 1965). MMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT]. Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967<br /> <br /> [[Virola calophylla]]<br /> * [No.24603; Origin: Manaus, Brazil] Flowering shoots- 0.0077% NMT; 7.7 mg/ 100 gm (4% of 193 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots]; Leaf- 0.0062% NMT i.e. 6.2 mg/ 100 gm [4% of 155 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry leaves]. Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *Bark collected in Manaus, Brazil during 1964. NMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT). Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Virola rufulla]]<br /> * No.24612: Origin : Manaus, Brazil]. Leaf- 0.0059% i.e. 5.88 mg/ 100 gm [6% of 98 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry leaf]. Agurell et al. 1969<br /> <br /> [[Virola sebifera]]<br /> * Present in bark Kawanishi et al. 1985<br /> * Paste: Virola sebifera (DMK-40; Don Marcos no. I) NMT 1.38 mg/ ml. McKenna et al. 1984a<br /> <br /> [[Virola theiodora]]<br /> * No.24595; Origin: Manaus, Brazil. Bark- 0.0025% (i.e. 2.5 mg/ 100 gm) [1% of 250 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry]. - Flowering shoots- 0.033% (i.e. 32.9 mg/ 100 gm) [7% of 470mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots] - Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Bark- 0.0034% [8 mg from 235 gm. of bark]. Cassady et al. 1972, also 1971 The latter cited Cassady et al. 1970 (Published 1972] ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Zanthoxylum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]<br /> * 0.002% in lear (dry weight) Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Humans and other animals ===<br /> <br /> *Animals:<br /> [[Villagorgia rubra]] (A sea fan from New Caledonia)<br /> * Espada et al. 1993 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Paramuricea chamaeleon]]<br /> 30 mg. of NMT isolated from 200 grams of coral. Cimino&amp; DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Humans]]<br /> * Found in cerebrospinal fluid of some psychotics and some normal people by Corbett et al. 1978. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Oon &amp; Rodnight 1977 thought they observed in psychoties but did not prove.<br /> * See Davis 1989 for many more references on the reported natural occurrences of N-methyltryptamine in humans:<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> 30-100mg vaporised (duration 45-70 minutes), 50-180mg orally with MAOIs (duration 2-5 hours) - Nen (2001; 2011); Shulgin TIKHAL (1997)<br /> <br /> == Analysis of NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Colorimetric reagents ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=278350&amp;&amp;replacenum;post278350 Colorimetric reagent test results]<br /> <br /> === TLC ===<br /> <br /> Coming soon<br /> <br /> === GC-MS ===<br /> <br /> * Retention times for Amine 220, CHDMS and DEGS columns: Audette et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Expanded Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> MS:<br /> *[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997] HCI: (m/z) C2H6N+ 44 (100%);Indolemethylene' 131 , 130 (61%, 51%); parent ion 174 (2%)<br /> * Williams et al. 1971: [m/e 44, 103, 115, 130, 131, 143, 174]<br /> * Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967: [m/e 44 (base peak), 103, 115, 130, 131, 145, 174 (M+)]. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> Other Info:<br /> * GLC: Christian et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GLC-MS of HFB derivative: Benington et al. 1975; Vessman et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GC-MS: De Moraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === IR ===<br /> <br /> * Graphic portrayal. page 774 in Clarke's 1986.<br /> * [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997]: Base: (cm-1): 740, 1018, 1103, 1132, 1161<br /> HCl: (cm-1): 748.850, 1009, 1104. 1119, 1136<br /> <br /> === NMR ===<br /> <br /> Cohen et al. 1960; De Moraes et al. 1990; Fi1ho &amp; Gilbert 1975; Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/NMT 2024-05-29T15:55:31Z

<p>Historian: /* Acacia spp. */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> [[Image:Nmt.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''NMT Molecule'']]<br /> <br /> == Brief overview - What is NMT? ==<br /> <br /> NMT is a tryptamine found in several plants, previously thought to be inactive, but novel research done by [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Nen888] has shown it to be psychoactive.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> For solubility, melting point, etc, check the [[Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties#NMT|NMT Chemical and Physical Properties]] WIKI<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> DMT Nexus user reports:<br /> <br /> * 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT. A slower onset than DMT, coming up after about 3-5 minutes and peaking within a minute, with residual low effects over an hour to 70 minutes thereafter. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=269093#post269093 Nen (2001)])<br /> <br /> * A higher body load and lower visual and mental activity than DMT. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=51413 Arcologist])<br /> <br /> * Further info: [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml TIHKAL NMT entry]<br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Entheogenic Effects of NMT]<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> *Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763413 Source])<br /> <br /> == Plants containing NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Acacia albida]] (Faidherbia albida)<br /> * Possible but unconfirmed presence. Detected· in Fall 1993, Spring, Summer, Fall 1994 and Spring 1995; tlc by Appleseed.<br /> <br /> [[Acacia confusa]] <br /> * Unspecified amount in bark. Lou et al. 1965<br /> * 1.43% in (dried?) root-bark Liu et at. 1977 (55.25% of total alkaloid) Root bark total alkaloid content was 2.58%<br /> * 0.04% in dried stem Arthur et at. 1967 (8.8 kg. of stems yielded 3.1 gm. NMT &amp; 1.3 gm. DMT.)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia maidenii]]<br /> * 0.24% in dry bark. Fitzgerald &amp; Sioumis 1965.<br /> * [Tentative positive in roots as the major alkaloid. (unconfirmed) tlc by Appleseed 1994) (2 year old seed grown plants)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia obtusifolia]]<br /> * Suspected to co-occur with DMT (tlc by Appleseed).<br /> *Mulga ran hplc-ms and observed what appeared to be a simple tryptamine but was unclear if the identity was this alkaloid or tryptamine as the parent fragments seemed to be lacking; see http://www. lycaeum.org/drugsiplants/ tryptamines/acacia/species.htm &amp; Trout's Notes on Acacias 2004.<br /> *60% of total alkaloid in common form - D. Siebert 1997; southern Cross Uni. 2000 cited by Nen<br /> <br /> [[Acacia rigidula]]<br /> *4.6 ppm in early spring/54.9 ppm in late fall. Fresh leaves, petioles &amp; tender twigs. Clement et al. 1998<br /> <br /> [[Acacia simplicifolia]] [=A. simplex]<br /> *1.44% in bark and 0.29% in twigs. <br /> * Stem bark has 3.6% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (40% of total)<br /> * Twigs have 0.11% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (26.3% of total). Poupat et al. 1976 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Anadenanthera spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Anadenanthera peregrina]]<br /> * No.24625; Origin: Boa Vista, Brazil]. -Traces in dry bark. (Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes)<br /> * Bark of Brazilian material (as Piptadenia). Legler &amp; Tschesche 1963 reported a mixture of 5-MeO-NMT and NMT as comprising 41% of the crude base.<br /> * as Piptadenia peregrina bark (Colombia in 1956). (Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Arthrophytum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum leptocladum]] M.Popov (Thin -stemmed Haloxyton)<br /> * 0.575% by dry weight in 1 year old Green shoots (Flowering stage) (3.7% total alkaloid content; Major alkaloid. Cooccurring with 2 b-carbolines.) Platonova el at. 1958. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * In leaf and stem. Smith 1977b cited Yurashevski 1941 Zhur. Obsch.Chem. 11:157 and Rousseau et al. 1966 Bull.Soc.Pharm.Nancy 71:31<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum wackchanica]] [A. wakhanicum?J<br /> * Smith 1977b cited Orekhov 1955 ref <br /> <br /> === Calycanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> Calycanthus has been listed as containing NMT. This is probably in error. Manske 1931a &amp; 193lc reported NMT as a degradation product of Calycanthine. Unable to locate any reference indicating its actual presence.<br /> <br /> === Delosperma spp. ===<br /> <br /> Presence of MMT in Delosperma spp. is unproven, except for the unpublished data involving work done by the Smith, Kline &amp; French Laboratories. (Cited by Raffauf 1970). Smith 1977b cited Rivier &amp; Pilet 1971 and Deulofeu 1973. Both had cited Raffauf 1970.<br /> <br /> * Assays by Appleseed 1994- 1996 ref Trout's Notes:<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma acuminatum]]<br /> * Faint. Sept., Nov. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma brittenae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma cooperi]]<br /> * Sept. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's and Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hallii]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma harazianum]]<br /> * Audhali Plateau, Yemen Nov. 1995 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hirtum]]<br /> * Dec. 94 (Ehrlichs) Nov. 95 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma klinghardtianum]]<br /> * Nov. and Dec. assays. Sole base present. (Xanthydrol and Ehrlich's) Not seen Sept. 96 assay.<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma litorale]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma pageanum]]<br /> * Same plant tested Christmas 1994) 2 Nov. 1995. Dark band (Xanthydrol)<br /> * Different plant from same source) Dec. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delospemrma tradescantioides]]<br /> * Nov. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's). Suspected MMT was major. All faint.<br /> <br /> === Desmanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus illinoensis]]<br /> * 0.11% in Root bark (dried) and 0. 0016% in Root wood (dried) Thompson et al. 1987 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus leptobolus]]<br /> * Tentative NMT presence in dried root bark (present in most but not all specimens) Appleseed tlc 1993-1994.<br /> <br /> <br /> === Diplopterys spp. === <br /> [[Diplopterys cabrerana]]<br /> * Traces in leaf. Agurell et al. ( 1968)a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Girgensohnia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Girgensohnia diptera]] Bge.<br /> * Yurashevski &amp; Stepanov(a?) 1939 (Smith 1977b) ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Haloxylon scoparium]]<br /> * Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997<br /> <br /> === Hammada spp. ====<br /> <br /> [[Hammada leptoclada]]<br /> * In leaf and stem. Orazkulyev et at. 1964 (Grazkuliev et at. 1964 Zh. prikl.Khim. Leningr., 37: 1394; according to Arthur et at. 1967.)<br /> <br /> === Hordeum vulgare ===<br /> * roots of seedlings?) Schneider &amp; Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Justicia spp. ===<br /> [[Justicia pectoralis]]<br /> *In leaf. Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997 <br /> *var. stenophylla -In leaf. 31 August 1994 harvest. Faint band corresponding MMT. TLC by Appleseed ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Mimosa spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]].<br /> * 0.0012% dry wt. in roots. Batista et al. 1999<br /> * In stem Batista &amp; Almeida 1997 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa scabrella]]<br /> * In bark. De Moraes et al. 1990 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa somnians]]<br /> * 0.029% in dry whole plant. Gupta et al. 1979<br /> <br /> === Nectandra spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Nectandra megapotamica]] (Sprg.) Chodat &amp; Hassler<br /> 0.57 gm. from 5.7 kg. of finely powdered bark. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975<br /> <br /> === Petalostylis spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Petalostylis labicheoides]]<br /> * var. casseoides. This is in error [Chemical Abstracts] See Johns et al. 1966a (Included by a number of references including Mears &amp; Mabry in Harbourne et al. 1971: 146)<br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * cv. Ottawa Synthetic - Amounts not given. Detected by tlc. Woods &amp; Clark 1971<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * cv. AQ-1 Occurence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> * Commercial) Weak occurrence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris tuberosa]]<br /> * cv. Australian Commercial - Minor alkaloid in seedlings. Mack et al. 1988<br /> * A minor alkaloid in 7 day old seedlings. Mulvena &amp; Slaytor 1983<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris paradoxa]] (Romania)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris truncata]] (France)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> === Psychotria spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria carthaginensis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Marcos. Collected 4 Sept 1968.] Traces of NMT Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria viridis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Zapote. Collected 22 July 1968]. Traces of NMT and 2-Methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-B-carboline as minor alkaloids. Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *&quot;Kawa Kut'; Sharanahua Indians, Marcos. Collected 7 October, 1968). NMT was major alkaloid in leaf [85% of 0.11% total alkaloids by dry wt.]. DMT was absent (12% of O.11% total] Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Swainsona spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Swainsona galegifolia]] (=S. coronillifolia Salisb.) <br /> *(Possible assay in stem and leaf. Contradictory results.) tlc by J. Appleseed<br /> <br /> === Tachigalia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Tachigalia paniculata]] A ubi.<br /> 0.005% w/w of previously prepared inflorescence extract. No information on plant we ight. Svoboda et af.<br /> 1979<br /> <br /> === Testulea spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Testulea gabonensis]]<br /> * Total alkaloids in Stem bark- 2.5% and in Root bark- 5%. N-Methyltryptamine was 90% of total. Leboeuf et al. 1977 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Virola spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Snuff]]<br /> *'Epena'· [No.24574; Origin: Rio Cauaburi, Brazil] - 0.014% N-Methyltryptamine: i.e. 14.3 mg. / 100 grams of sn uff. (2% of 715 mg total alkaloid per 100 gm.]<br /> * &quot; Nytzkwtina&quot; [No . 24626; Origin: Tototobi, Brazil] - Traces Agurell et al. 1969<br /> * Snuff: &quot; Epena&quot; ( Virola?) Snuff as prepared by Waica Indians (collected 1965). MMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT]. Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967<br /> <br /> [[Virola calophylla]]<br /> * [No.24603; Origin: Manaus, Brazil] Flowering shoots- 0.0077% NMT; 7.7 mg/ 100 gm (4% of 193 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots]; Leaf- 0.0062% NMT i.e. 6.2 mg/ 100 gm [4% of 155 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry leaves]. Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *Bark collected in Manaus, Brazil during 1964. NMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT). Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Virola rufulla]]<br /> * No.24612: Origin : Manaus, Brazil]. Leaf- 0.0059% i.e. 5.88 mg/ 100 gm [6% of 98 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry leaf]. Agurell et al. 1969<br /> <br /> [[Virola sebifera]]<br /> * Present in bark Kawanishi et al. 1985<br /> * Paste: Virola sebifera (DMK-40; Don Marcos no. I) NMT 1.38 mg/ ml. McKenna et al. 1984a<br /> <br /> [[Virola theiodora]]<br /> * No.24595; Origin: Manaus, Brazil. Bark- 0.0025% (i.e. 2.5 mg/ 100 gm) [1% of 250 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry]. - Flowering shoots- 0.033% (i.e. 32.9 mg/ 100 gm) [7% of 470mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots] - Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Bark- 0.0034% [8 mg from 235 gm. of bark]. Cassady et al. 1972, also 1971 The latter cited Cassady et al. 1970 (Published 1972] ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Zanthoxylum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]<br /> * 0.002% in lear (dry weight) Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Humans and other animals ===<br /> <br /> *Animals:<br /> [[Villagorgia rubra]] (A sea fan from New Caledonia)<br /> * Espada et al. 1993 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Paramuricea chamaeleon]]<br /> 30 mg. of NMT isolated from 200 grams of coral. Cimino&amp; DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Humans]]<br /> * Found in cerebrospinal fluid of some psychotics and some normal people by Corbett et al. 1978. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Oon &amp; Rodnight 1977 thought they observed in psychoties but did not prove.<br /> * See Davis 1989 for many more references on the reported natural occurrences of N-methyltryptamine in humans:<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> 30-100mg vaporised (duration 45-70 minutes), 50-180mg orally with MAOIs (duration 2-5 hours) - Nen (2001; 2011); Shulgin TIKHAL (1997)<br /> <br /> == Analysis of NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Colorimetric reagents ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=278350&amp;&amp;replacenum;post278350 Colorimetric reagent test results]<br /> <br /> === TLC ===<br /> <br /> Coming soon<br /> <br /> === GC-MS ===<br /> <br /> * Retention times for Amine 220, CHDMS and DEGS columns: Audette et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Expanded Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> MS:<br /> *[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997] HCI: (m/z) C2H6N+ 44 (100%);Indolemethylene' 131 , 130 (61%, 51%); parent ion 174 (2%)<br /> * Williams et al. 1971: [m/e 44, 103, 115, 130, 131, 143, 174]<br /> * Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967: [m/e 44 (base peak), 103, 115, 130, 131, 145, 174 (M+)]. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> Other Info:<br /> * GLC: Christian et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GLC-MS of HFB derivative: Benington et al. 1975; Vessman et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GC-MS: De Moraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === IR ===<br /> <br /> * Graphic portrayal. page 774 in Clarke's 1986.<br /> * [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997]: Base: (cm-1): 740, 1018, 1103, 1132, 1161<br /> HCl: (cm-1): 748.850, 1009, 1104. 1119, 1136<br /> <br /> === NMR ===<br /> <br /> Cohen et al. 1960; De Moraes et al. 1990; Fi1ho &amp; Gilbert 1975; Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/NMT 2024-05-29T15:54:47Z

<p>Historian: /* Acacia spp. */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> [[Image:Nmt.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''NMT Molecule'']]<br /> <br /> == Brief overview - What is NMT? ==<br /> <br /> NMT is a tryptamine found in several plants, previously thought to be inactive, but novel research done by [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Nen888] has shown it to be psychoactive.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> For solubility, melting point, etc, check the [[Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties#NMT|NMT Chemical and Physical Properties]] WIKI<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> DMT Nexus user reports:<br /> <br /> * 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT. A slower onset than DMT, coming up after about 3-5 minutes and peaking within a minute, with residual low effects over an hour to 70 minutes thereafter. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=269093#post269093 Nen (2001)])<br /> <br /> * A higher body load and lower visual and mental activity than DMT. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=51413 Arcologist])<br /> <br /> * Further info: [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml TIHKAL NMT entry]<br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Entheogenic Effects of NMT]<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> *Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763413 Source])<br /> <br /> == Plants containing NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Acacia albida]] (Faidherbia albida)<br /> * Possible but unconfirmed presence. Detected· in Fall 1993, Spring, Summer, Fall 1994 and Spring 1995; tlc by Appleseed.<br /> <br /> [[Acacia confusa]] (formerly synon A. richei A .Gray)<br /> * Unspecified amount in bark. Lou et al. 1965<br /> * 1.43% in (dried?) root-bark Liu et at. 1977 (55.25% of total alkaloid) Root bark total alkaloid content was 2.58%<br /> * 0.04% in dried stem Arthur et at. 1967 (8.8 kg. of stems yielded 3.1 gm. NMT &amp; 1.3 gm. DMT.)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia maidenii]]<br /> * 0.24% in dry bark. Fitzgerald &amp; Sioumis 1965.<br /> * [Tentative positive in roots as the major alkaloid. (unconfirmed) tlc by Appleseed 1994) (2 year old seed grown plants)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia obtusifolia]]<br /> * Suspected to co-occur with DMT (tlc by Appleseed).<br /> *Mulga ran hplc-ms and observed what appeared to be a simple tryptamine but was unclear if the identity was this alkaloid or tryptamine as the parent fragments seemed to be lacking; see http://www. lycaeum.org/drugsiplants/ tryptamines/acacia/species.htm &amp; Trout's Notes on Acacias 2004.<br /> *60% of total alkaloid in common form - D. Siebert 1997; southern Cross Uni. 2000 cited by Nen<br /> <br /> [[Acacia rigidula]]<br /> *4.6 ppm in early spring/54.9 ppm in late fall. Fresh leaves, petioles &amp; tender twigs. Clement et al. 1998<br /> <br /> [[Acacia simplicifolia]] [=A. simplex]<br /> *1.44% in bark and 0.29% in twigs. <br /> * Stem bark has 3.6% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (40% of total)<br /> * Twigs have 0.11% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (26.3% of total). Poupat et al. 1976 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Anadenanthera spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Anadenanthera peregrina]]<br /> * No.24625; Origin: Boa Vista, Brazil]. -Traces in dry bark. (Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes)<br /> * Bark of Brazilian material (as Piptadenia). Legler &amp; Tschesche 1963 reported a mixture of 5-MeO-NMT and NMT as comprising 41% of the crude base.<br /> * as Piptadenia peregrina bark (Colombia in 1956). (Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Arthrophytum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum leptocladum]] M.Popov (Thin -stemmed Haloxyton)<br /> * 0.575% by dry weight in 1 year old Green shoots (Flowering stage) (3.7% total alkaloid content; Major alkaloid. Cooccurring with 2 b-carbolines.) Platonova el at. 1958. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * In leaf and stem. Smith 1977b cited Yurashevski 1941 Zhur. Obsch.Chem. 11:157 and Rousseau et al. 1966 Bull.Soc.Pharm.Nancy 71:31<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum wackchanica]] [A. wakhanicum?J<br /> * Smith 1977b cited Orekhov 1955 ref <br /> <br /> === Calycanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> Calycanthus has been listed as containing NMT. This is probably in error. Manske 1931a &amp; 193lc reported NMT as a degradation product of Calycanthine. Unable to locate any reference indicating its actual presence.<br /> <br /> === Delosperma spp. ===<br /> <br /> Presence of MMT in Delosperma spp. is unproven, except for the unpublished data involving work done by the Smith, Kline &amp; French Laboratories. (Cited by Raffauf 1970). Smith 1977b cited Rivier &amp; Pilet 1971 and Deulofeu 1973. Both had cited Raffauf 1970.<br /> <br /> * Assays by Appleseed 1994- 1996 ref Trout's Notes:<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma acuminatum]]<br /> * Faint. Sept., Nov. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma brittenae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma cooperi]]<br /> * Sept. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's and Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hallii]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma harazianum]]<br /> * Audhali Plateau, Yemen Nov. 1995 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hirtum]]<br /> * Dec. 94 (Ehrlichs) Nov. 95 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma klinghardtianum]]<br /> * Nov. and Dec. assays. Sole base present. (Xanthydrol and Ehrlich's) Not seen Sept. 96 assay.<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma litorale]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma pageanum]]<br /> * Same plant tested Christmas 1994) 2 Nov. 1995. Dark band (Xanthydrol)<br /> * Different plant from same source) Dec. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delospemrma tradescantioides]]<br /> * Nov. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's). Suspected MMT was major. All faint.<br /> <br /> === Desmanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus illinoensis]]<br /> * 0.11% in Root bark (dried) and 0. 0016% in Root wood (dried) Thompson et al. 1987 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus leptobolus]]<br /> * Tentative NMT presence in dried root bark (present in most but not all specimens) Appleseed tlc 1993-1994.<br /> <br /> <br /> === Diplopterys spp. === <br /> [[Diplopterys cabrerana]]<br /> * Traces in leaf. Agurell et al. ( 1968)a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Girgensohnia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Girgensohnia diptera]] Bge.<br /> * Yurashevski &amp; Stepanov(a?) 1939 (Smith 1977b) ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Haloxylon scoparium]]<br /> * Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997<br /> <br /> === Hammada spp. ====<br /> <br /> [[Hammada leptoclada]]<br /> * In leaf and stem. Orazkulyev et at. 1964 (Grazkuliev et at. 1964 Zh. prikl.Khim. Leningr., 37: 1394; according to Arthur et at. 1967.)<br /> <br /> === Hordeum vulgare ===<br /> * roots of seedlings?) Schneider &amp; Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Justicia spp. ===<br /> [[Justicia pectoralis]]<br /> *In leaf. Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997 <br /> *var. stenophylla -In leaf. 31 August 1994 harvest. Faint band corresponding MMT. TLC by Appleseed ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Mimosa spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]].<br /> * 0.0012% dry wt. in roots. Batista et al. 1999<br /> * In stem Batista &amp; Almeida 1997 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa scabrella]]<br /> * In bark. De Moraes et al. 1990 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa somnians]]<br /> * 0.029% in dry whole plant. Gupta et al. 1979<br /> <br /> === Nectandra spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Nectandra megapotamica]] (Sprg.) Chodat &amp; Hassler<br /> 0.57 gm. from 5.7 kg. of finely powdered bark. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975<br /> <br /> === Petalostylis spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Petalostylis labicheoides]]<br /> * var. casseoides. This is in error [Chemical Abstracts] See Johns et al. 1966a (Included by a number of references including Mears &amp; Mabry in Harbourne et al. 1971: 146)<br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * cv. Ottawa Synthetic - Amounts not given. Detected by tlc. Woods &amp; Clark 1971<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * cv. AQ-1 Occurence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> * Commercial) Weak occurrence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris tuberosa]]<br /> * cv. Australian Commercial - Minor alkaloid in seedlings. Mack et al. 1988<br /> * A minor alkaloid in 7 day old seedlings. Mulvena &amp; Slaytor 1983<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris paradoxa]] (Romania)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris truncata]] (France)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> === Psychotria spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria carthaginensis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Marcos. Collected 4 Sept 1968.] Traces of NMT Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria viridis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Zapote. Collected 22 July 1968]. Traces of NMT and 2-Methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-B-carboline as minor alkaloids. Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *&quot;Kawa Kut'; Sharanahua Indians, Marcos. Collected 7 October, 1968). NMT was major alkaloid in leaf [85% of 0.11% total alkaloids by dry wt.]. DMT was absent (12% of O.11% total] Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Swainsona spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Swainsona galegifolia]] (=S. coronillifolia Salisb.) <br /> *(Possible assay in stem and leaf. Contradictory results.) tlc by J. Appleseed<br /> <br /> === Tachigalia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Tachigalia paniculata]] A ubi.<br /> 0.005% w/w of previously prepared inflorescence extract. No information on plant we ight. Svoboda et af.<br /> 1979<br /> <br /> === Testulea spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Testulea gabonensis]]<br /> * Total alkaloids in Stem bark- 2.5% and in Root bark- 5%. N-Methyltryptamine was 90% of total. Leboeuf et al. 1977 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Virola spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Snuff]]<br /> *'Epena'· [No.24574; Origin: Rio Cauaburi, Brazil] - 0.014% N-Methyltryptamine: i.e. 14.3 mg. / 100 grams of sn uff. (2% of 715 mg total alkaloid per 100 gm.]<br /> * &quot; Nytzkwtina&quot; [No . 24626; Origin: Tototobi, Brazil] - Traces Agurell et al. 1969<br /> * Snuff: &quot; Epena&quot; ( Virola?) Snuff as prepared by Waica Indians (collected 1965). MMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT]. Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967<br /> <br /> [[Virola calophylla]]<br /> * [No.24603; Origin: Manaus, Brazil] Flowering shoots- 0.0077% NMT; 7.7 mg/ 100 gm (4% of 193 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots]; Leaf- 0.0062% NMT i.e. 6.2 mg/ 100 gm [4% of 155 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry leaves]. Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *Bark collected in Manaus, Brazil during 1964. NMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT). Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Virola rufulla]]<br /> * No.24612: Origin : Manaus, Brazil]. Leaf- 0.0059% i.e. 5.88 mg/ 100 gm [6% of 98 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry leaf]. Agurell et al. 1969<br /> <br /> [[Virola sebifera]]<br /> * Present in bark Kawanishi et al. 1985<br /> * Paste: Virola sebifera (DMK-40; Don Marcos no. I) NMT 1.38 mg/ ml. McKenna et al. 1984a<br /> <br /> [[Virola theiodora]]<br /> * No.24595; Origin: Manaus, Brazil. Bark- 0.0025% (i.e. 2.5 mg/ 100 gm) [1% of 250 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry]. - Flowering shoots- 0.033% (i.e. 32.9 mg/ 100 gm) [7% of 470mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots] - Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Bark- 0.0034% [8 mg from 235 gm. of bark]. Cassady et al. 1972, also 1971 The latter cited Cassady et al. 1970 (Published 1972] ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Zanthoxylum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]<br /> * 0.002% in lear (dry weight) Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Humans and other animals ===<br /> <br /> *Animals:<br /> [[Villagorgia rubra]] (A sea fan from New Caledonia)<br /> * Espada et al. 1993 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Paramuricea chamaeleon]]<br /> 30 mg. of NMT isolated from 200 grams of coral. Cimino&amp; DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Humans]]<br /> * Found in cerebrospinal fluid of some psychotics and some normal people by Corbett et al. 1978. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Oon &amp; Rodnight 1977 thought they observed in psychoties but did not prove.<br /> * See Davis 1989 for many more references on the reported natural occurrences of N-methyltryptamine in humans:<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> 30-100mg vaporised (duration 45-70 minutes), 50-180mg orally with MAOIs (duration 2-5 hours) - Nen (2001; 2011); Shulgin TIKHAL (1997)<br /> <br /> == Analysis of NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Colorimetric reagents ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=278350&amp;&amp;replacenum;post278350 Colorimetric reagent test results]<br /> <br /> === TLC ===<br /> <br /> Coming soon<br /> <br /> === GC-MS ===<br /> <br /> * Retention times for Amine 220, CHDMS and DEGS columns: Audette et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Expanded Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> MS:<br /> *[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997] HCI: (m/z) C2H6N+ 44 (100%);Indolemethylene' 131 , 130 (61%, 51%); parent ion 174 (2%)<br /> * Williams et al. 1971: [m/e 44, 103, 115, 130, 131, 143, 174]<br /> * Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967: [m/e 44 (base peak), 103, 115, 130, 131, 145, 174 (M+)]. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> Other Info:<br /> * GLC: Christian et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GLC-MS of HFB derivative: Benington et al. 1975; Vessman et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GC-MS: De Moraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === IR ===<br /> <br /> * Graphic portrayal. page 774 in Clarke's 1986.<br /> * [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997]: Base: (cm-1): 740, 1018, 1103, 1132, 1161<br /> HCl: (cm-1): 748.850, 1009, 1104. 1119, 1136<br /> <br /> === NMR ===<br /> <br /> Cohen et al. 1960; De Moraes et al. 1990; Fi1ho &amp; Gilbert 1975; Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/NMT 2024-05-29T15:53:44Z

<p>Historian: /* Acacia spp. */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> [[Image:Nmt.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''NMT Molecule'']]<br /> <br /> == Brief overview - What is NMT? ==<br /> <br /> NMT is a tryptamine found in several plants, previously thought to be inactive, but novel research done by [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Nen888] has shown it to be psychoactive.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> For solubility, melting point, etc, check the [[Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties#NMT|NMT Chemical and Physical Properties]] WIKI<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> DMT Nexus user reports:<br /> <br /> * 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT. A slower onset than DMT, coming up after about 3-5 minutes and peaking within a minute, with residual low effects over an hour to 70 minutes thereafter. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=269093#post269093 Nen (2001)])<br /> <br /> * A higher body load and lower visual and mental activity than DMT. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=51413 Arcologist])<br /> <br /> * Further info: [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml TIHKAL NMT entry]<br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Entheogenic Effects of NMT]<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> *Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763413 Source])<br /> <br /> == Plants containing NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Acacia albida]] (Faidherbia albida)<br /> * Possible but unconfirmed presence. Detected· in Fall 1993, Spring, Summer, Fall 1994 and Spring 1995; tlc by Appleseed.<br /> <br /> [[Acacia confusa]] (=A. richei A .Gray)<br /> * Unspecified amount in bark. Lou et al. 1965<br /> * 1.43% in (dried?) root-bark Liu et at. 1977 (55.25% of total alkaloid) Root bark total alkaloid content was 2.58%<br /> * 0.04% in dried stem Arthur et at. 1967 (8.8 kg. of stems yielded 3.1 gm. NMT &amp; 1.3 gm. DMT.)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia maidenii]]<br /> * 0.24% in dry bark. Fitzgerald &amp; Sioumis 1965.<br /> * [Tentative positive in roots as the major alkaloid. (unconfirmed) tlc by Appleseed 1994) (2 year old seed grown plants)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia obtusifolia]]<br /> * Suspected to co-occur with DMT (tlc by Appleseed).<br /> *Mulga ran hplc-ms and observed what appeared to be a simple tryptamine but was unclear if the identity was this alkaloid or tryptamine as the parent fragments seemed to be lacking; see http://www. lycaeum.org/drugsiplants/ tryptamines/acacia/species.htm &amp; Trout's Notes on Acacias 2004.<br /> *60% of total alkaloid in common form - D. Siebert 1997; southern Cross Uni. 2000 cited by Nen<br /> <br /> [[Acacia rigidula]]<br /> *4.6 ppm in early spring/54.9 ppm in late fall. Fresh leaves, petioles &amp; tender twigs. Clement et al. 1998<br /> <br /> [[Acacia simplicifolia]] [=A. simplex?]<br /> *1.44% in bark and 0.29% in twigs. <br /> * Stem bark has 3.6% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (40% of total)<br /> * Twigs have 0.11% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (26.3% of total). Poupat et al. 1976 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Anadenanthera spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Anadenanthera peregrina]]<br /> * No.24625; Origin: Boa Vista, Brazil]. -Traces in dry bark. (Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes)<br /> * Bark of Brazilian material (as Piptadenia). Legler &amp; Tschesche 1963 reported a mixture of 5-MeO-NMT and NMT as comprising 41% of the crude base.<br /> * as Piptadenia peregrina bark (Colombia in 1956). (Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Arthrophytum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum leptocladum]] M.Popov (Thin -stemmed Haloxyton)<br /> * 0.575% by dry weight in 1 year old Green shoots (Flowering stage) (3.7% total alkaloid content; Major alkaloid. Cooccurring with 2 b-carbolines.) Platonova el at. 1958. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * In leaf and stem. Smith 1977b cited Yurashevski 1941 Zhur. Obsch.Chem. 11:157 and Rousseau et al. 1966 Bull.Soc.Pharm.Nancy 71:31<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum wackchanica]] [A. wakhanicum?J<br /> * Smith 1977b cited Orekhov 1955 ref <br /> <br /> === Calycanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> Calycanthus has been listed as containing NMT. This is probably in error. Manske 1931a &amp; 193lc reported NMT as a degradation product of Calycanthine. Unable to locate any reference indicating its actual presence.<br /> <br /> === Delosperma spp. ===<br /> <br /> Presence of MMT in Delosperma spp. is unproven, except for the unpublished data involving work done by the Smith, Kline &amp; French Laboratories. (Cited by Raffauf 1970). Smith 1977b cited Rivier &amp; Pilet 1971 and Deulofeu 1973. Both had cited Raffauf 1970.<br /> <br /> * Assays by Appleseed 1994- 1996 ref Trout's Notes:<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma acuminatum]]<br /> * Faint. Sept., Nov. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma brittenae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma cooperi]]<br /> * Sept. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's and Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hallii]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma harazianum]]<br /> * Audhali Plateau, Yemen Nov. 1995 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hirtum]]<br /> * Dec. 94 (Ehrlichs) Nov. 95 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma klinghardtianum]]<br /> * Nov. and Dec. assays. Sole base present. (Xanthydrol and Ehrlich's) Not seen Sept. 96 assay.<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma litorale]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma pageanum]]<br /> * Same plant tested Christmas 1994) 2 Nov. 1995. Dark band (Xanthydrol)<br /> * Different plant from same source) Dec. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delospemrma tradescantioides]]<br /> * Nov. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's). Suspected MMT was major. All faint.<br /> <br /> === Desmanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus illinoensis]]<br /> * 0.11% in Root bark (dried) and 0. 0016% in Root wood (dried) Thompson et al. 1987 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus leptobolus]]<br /> * Tentative NMT presence in dried root bark (present in most but not all specimens) Appleseed tlc 1993-1994.<br /> <br /> <br /> === Diplopterys spp. === <br /> [[Diplopterys cabrerana]]<br /> * Traces in leaf. Agurell et al. ( 1968)a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Girgensohnia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Girgensohnia diptera]] Bge.<br /> * Yurashevski &amp; Stepanov(a?) 1939 (Smith 1977b) ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Haloxylon scoparium]]<br /> * Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997<br /> <br /> === Hammada spp. ====<br /> <br /> [[Hammada leptoclada]]<br /> * In leaf and stem. Orazkulyev et at. 1964 (Grazkuliev et at. 1964 Zh. prikl.Khim. Leningr., 37: 1394; according to Arthur et at. 1967.)<br /> <br /> === Hordeum vulgare ===<br /> * roots of seedlings?) Schneider &amp; Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Justicia spp. ===<br /> [[Justicia pectoralis]]<br /> *In leaf. Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997 <br /> *var. stenophylla -In leaf. 31 August 1994 harvest. Faint band corresponding MMT. TLC by Appleseed ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Mimosa spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]].<br /> * 0.0012% dry wt. in roots. Batista et al. 1999<br /> * In stem Batista &amp; Almeida 1997 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa scabrella]]<br /> * In bark. De Moraes et al. 1990 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa somnians]]<br /> * 0.029% in dry whole plant. Gupta et al. 1979<br /> <br /> === Nectandra spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Nectandra megapotamica]] (Sprg.) Chodat &amp; Hassler<br /> 0.57 gm. from 5.7 kg. of finely powdered bark. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975<br /> <br /> === Petalostylis spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Petalostylis labicheoides]]<br /> * var. casseoides. This is in error [Chemical Abstracts] See Johns et al. 1966a (Included by a number of references including Mears &amp; Mabry in Harbourne et al. 1971: 146)<br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * cv. Ottawa Synthetic - Amounts not given. Detected by tlc. Woods &amp; Clark 1971<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * cv. AQ-1 Occurence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> * Commercial) Weak occurrence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris tuberosa]]<br /> * cv. Australian Commercial - Minor alkaloid in seedlings. Mack et al. 1988<br /> * A minor alkaloid in 7 day old seedlings. Mulvena &amp; Slaytor 1983<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris paradoxa]] (Romania)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris truncata]] (France)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> === Psychotria spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria carthaginensis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Marcos. Collected 4 Sept 1968.] Traces of NMT Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria viridis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Zapote. Collected 22 July 1968]. Traces of NMT and 2-Methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-B-carboline as minor alkaloids. Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *&quot;Kawa Kut'; Sharanahua Indians, Marcos. Collected 7 October, 1968). NMT was major alkaloid in leaf [85% of 0.11% total alkaloids by dry wt.]. DMT was absent (12% of O.11% total] Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Swainsona spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Swainsona galegifolia]] (=S. coronillifolia Salisb.) <br /> *(Possible assay in stem and leaf. Contradictory results.) tlc by J. Appleseed<br /> <br /> === Tachigalia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Tachigalia paniculata]] A ubi.<br /> 0.005% w/w of previously prepared inflorescence extract. No information on plant we ight. Svoboda et af.<br /> 1979<br /> <br /> === Testulea spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Testulea gabonensis]]<br /> * Total alkaloids in Stem bark- 2.5% and in Root bark- 5%. N-Methyltryptamine was 90% of total. Leboeuf et al. 1977 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Virola spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Snuff]]<br /> *'Epena'· [No.24574; Origin: Rio Cauaburi, Brazil] - 0.014% N-Methyltryptamine: i.e. 14.3 mg. / 100 grams of sn uff. (2% of 715 mg total alkaloid per 100 gm.]<br /> * &quot; Nytzkwtina&quot; [No . 24626; Origin: Tototobi, Brazil] - Traces Agurell et al. 1969<br /> * Snuff: &quot; Epena&quot; ( Virola?) Snuff as prepared by Waica Indians (collected 1965). MMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT]. Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967<br /> <br /> [[Virola calophylla]]<br /> * [No.24603; Origin: Manaus, Brazil] Flowering shoots- 0.0077% NMT; 7.7 mg/ 100 gm (4% of 193 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots]; Leaf- 0.0062% NMT i.e. 6.2 mg/ 100 gm [4% of 155 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry leaves]. Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *Bark collected in Manaus, Brazil during 1964. NMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT). Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Virola rufulla]]<br /> * No.24612: Origin : Manaus, Brazil]. Leaf- 0.0059% i.e. 5.88 mg/ 100 gm [6% of 98 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry leaf]. Agurell et al. 1969<br /> <br /> [[Virola sebifera]]<br /> * Present in bark Kawanishi et al. 1985<br /> * Paste: Virola sebifera (DMK-40; Don Marcos no. I) NMT 1.38 mg/ ml. McKenna et al. 1984a<br /> <br /> [[Virola theiodora]]<br /> * No.24595; Origin: Manaus, Brazil. Bark- 0.0025% (i.e. 2.5 mg/ 100 gm) [1% of 250 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry]. - Flowering shoots- 0.033% (i.e. 32.9 mg/ 100 gm) [7% of 470mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots] - Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Bark- 0.0034% [8 mg from 235 gm. of bark]. Cassady et al. 1972, also 1971 The latter cited Cassady et al. 1970 (Published 1972] ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Zanthoxylum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]<br /> * 0.002% in lear (dry weight) Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Humans and other animals ===<br /> <br /> *Animals:<br /> [[Villagorgia rubra]] (A sea fan from New Caledonia)<br /> * Espada et al. 1993 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Paramuricea chamaeleon]]<br /> 30 mg. of NMT isolated from 200 grams of coral. Cimino&amp; DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Humans]]<br /> * Found in cerebrospinal fluid of some psychotics and some normal people by Corbett et al. 1978. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Oon &amp; Rodnight 1977 thought they observed in psychoties but did not prove.<br /> * See Davis 1989 for many more references on the reported natural occurrences of N-methyltryptamine in humans:<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> 30-100mg vaporised (duration 45-70 minutes), 50-180mg orally with MAOIs (duration 2-5 hours) - Nen (2001; 2011); Shulgin TIKHAL (1997)<br /> <br /> == Analysis of NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Colorimetric reagents ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=278350&amp;&amp;replacenum;post278350 Colorimetric reagent test results]<br /> <br /> === TLC ===<br /> <br /> Coming soon<br /> <br /> === GC-MS ===<br /> <br /> * Retention times for Amine 220, CHDMS and DEGS columns: Audette et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Expanded Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> MS:<br /> *[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997] HCI: (m/z) C2H6N+ 44 (100%);Indolemethylene' 131 , 130 (61%, 51%); parent ion 174 (2%)<br /> * Williams et al. 1971: [m/e 44, 103, 115, 130, 131, 143, 174]<br /> * Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967: [m/e 44 (base peak), 103, 115, 130, 131, 145, 174 (M+)]. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> Other Info:<br /> * GLC: Christian et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GLC-MS of HFB derivative: Benington et al. 1975; Vessman et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GC-MS: De Moraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === IR ===<br /> <br /> * Graphic portrayal. page 774 in Clarke's 1986.<br /> * [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997]: Base: (cm-1): 740, 1018, 1103, 1132, 1161<br /> HCl: (cm-1): 748.850, 1009, 1104. 1119, 1136<br /> <br /> === NMR ===<br /> <br /> Cohen et al. 1960; De Moraes et al. 1990; Fi1ho &amp; Gilbert 1975; Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/NMT 2024-05-29T15:53:32Z

<p>Historian: /* Acacia spp. */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> [[Image:Nmt.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''NMT Molecule'']]<br /> <br /> == Brief overview - What is NMT? ==<br /> <br /> NMT is a tryptamine found in several plants, previously thought to be inactive, but novel research done by [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Nen888] has shown it to be psychoactive.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> For solubility, melting point, etc, check the [[Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties#NMT|NMT Chemical and Physical Properties]] WIKI<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> DMT Nexus user reports:<br /> <br /> * 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT. A slower onset than DMT, coming up after about 3-5 minutes and peaking within a minute, with residual low effects over an hour to 70 minutes thereafter. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=269093#post269093 Nen (2001)])<br /> <br /> * A higher body load and lower visual and mental activity than DMT. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=51413 Arcologist])<br /> <br /> * Further info: [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml TIHKAL NMT entry]<br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Entheogenic Effects of NMT]<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> *Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763413 Source])<br /> <br /> == Plants containing NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Acacia albida]](Faidherbia albida)<br /> * Possible but unconfirmed presence. Detected· in Fall 1993, Spring, Summer, Fall 1994 and Spring 1995; tlc by Appleseed.<br /> <br /> [[Acacia confusa]] (=A. richei A .Gray)<br /> * Unspecified amount in bark. Lou et al. 1965<br /> * 1.43% in (dried?) root-bark Liu et at. 1977 (55.25% of total alkaloid) Root bark total alkaloid content was 2.58%<br /> * 0.04% in dried stem Arthur et at. 1967 (8.8 kg. of stems yielded 3.1 gm. NMT &amp; 1.3 gm. DMT.)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia maidenii]]<br /> * 0.24% in dry bark. Fitzgerald &amp; Sioumis 1965.<br /> * [Tentative positive in roots as the major alkaloid. (unconfirmed) tlc by Appleseed 1994) (2 year old seed grown plants)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia obtusifolia]]<br /> * Suspected to co-occur with DMT (tlc by Appleseed).<br /> *Mulga ran hplc-ms and observed what appeared to be a simple tryptamine but was unclear if the identity was this alkaloid or tryptamine as the parent fragments seemed to be lacking; see http://www. lycaeum.org/drugsiplants/ tryptamines/acacia/species.htm &amp; Trout's Notes on Acacias 2004.<br /> *60% of total alkaloid in common form - D. Siebert 1997; southern Cross Uni. 2000 cited by Nen<br /> <br /> [[Acacia rigidula]]<br /> *4.6 ppm in early spring/54.9 ppm in late fall. Fresh leaves, petioles &amp; tender twigs. Clement et al. 1998<br /> <br /> [[Acacia simplicifolia]] [=A. simplex?]<br /> *1.44% in bark and 0.29% in twigs. <br /> * Stem bark has 3.6% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (40% of total)<br /> * Twigs have 0.11% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (26.3% of total). Poupat et al. 1976 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Anadenanthera spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Anadenanthera peregrina]]<br /> * No.24625; Origin: Boa Vista, Brazil]. -Traces in dry bark. (Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes)<br /> * Bark of Brazilian material (as Piptadenia). Legler &amp; Tschesche 1963 reported a mixture of 5-MeO-NMT and NMT as comprising 41% of the crude base.<br /> * as Piptadenia peregrina bark (Colombia in 1956). (Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Arthrophytum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum leptocladum]] M.Popov (Thin -stemmed Haloxyton)<br /> * 0.575% by dry weight in 1 year old Green shoots (Flowering stage) (3.7% total alkaloid content; Major alkaloid. Cooccurring with 2 b-carbolines.) Platonova el at. 1958. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * In leaf and stem. Smith 1977b cited Yurashevski 1941 Zhur. Obsch.Chem. 11:157 and Rousseau et al. 1966 Bull.Soc.Pharm.Nancy 71:31<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum wackchanica]] [A. wakhanicum?J<br /> * Smith 1977b cited Orekhov 1955 ref <br /> <br /> === Calycanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> Calycanthus has been listed as containing NMT. This is probably in error. Manske 1931a &amp; 193lc reported NMT as a degradation product of Calycanthine. Unable to locate any reference indicating its actual presence.<br /> <br /> === Delosperma spp. ===<br /> <br /> Presence of MMT in Delosperma spp. is unproven, except for the unpublished data involving work done by the Smith, Kline &amp; French Laboratories. (Cited by Raffauf 1970). Smith 1977b cited Rivier &amp; Pilet 1971 and Deulofeu 1973. Both had cited Raffauf 1970.<br /> <br /> * Assays by Appleseed 1994- 1996 ref Trout's Notes:<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma acuminatum]]<br /> * Faint. Sept., Nov. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma brittenae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma cooperi]]<br /> * Sept. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's and Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hallii]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma harazianum]]<br /> * Audhali Plateau, Yemen Nov. 1995 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hirtum]]<br /> * Dec. 94 (Ehrlichs) Nov. 95 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma klinghardtianum]]<br /> * Nov. and Dec. assays. Sole base present. (Xanthydrol and Ehrlich's) Not seen Sept. 96 assay.<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma litorale]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma pageanum]]<br /> * Same plant tested Christmas 1994) 2 Nov. 1995. Dark band (Xanthydrol)<br /> * Different plant from same source) Dec. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delospemrma tradescantioides]]<br /> * Nov. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's). Suspected MMT was major. All faint.<br /> <br /> === Desmanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus illinoensis]]<br /> * 0.11% in Root bark (dried) and 0. 0016% in Root wood (dried) Thompson et al. 1987 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus leptobolus]]<br /> * Tentative NMT presence in dried root bark (present in most but not all specimens) Appleseed tlc 1993-1994.<br /> <br /> <br /> === Diplopterys spp. === <br /> [[Diplopterys cabrerana]]<br /> * Traces in leaf. Agurell et al. ( 1968)a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Girgensohnia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Girgensohnia diptera]] Bge.<br /> * Yurashevski &amp; Stepanov(a?) 1939 (Smith 1977b) ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Haloxylon scoparium]]<br /> * Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997<br /> <br /> === Hammada spp. ====<br /> <br /> [[Hammada leptoclada]]<br /> * In leaf and stem. Orazkulyev et at. 1964 (Grazkuliev et at. 1964 Zh. prikl.Khim. Leningr., 37: 1394; according to Arthur et at. 1967.)<br /> <br /> === Hordeum vulgare ===<br /> * roots of seedlings?) Schneider &amp; Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Justicia spp. ===<br /> [[Justicia pectoralis]]<br /> *In leaf. Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997 <br /> *var. stenophylla -In leaf. 31 August 1994 harvest. Faint band corresponding MMT. TLC by Appleseed ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Mimosa spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]].<br /> * 0.0012% dry wt. in roots. Batista et al. 1999<br /> * In stem Batista &amp; Almeida 1997 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa scabrella]]<br /> * In bark. De Moraes et al. 1990 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa somnians]]<br /> * 0.029% in dry whole plant. Gupta et al. 1979<br /> <br /> === Nectandra spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Nectandra megapotamica]] (Sprg.) Chodat &amp; Hassler<br /> 0.57 gm. from 5.7 kg. of finely powdered bark. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975<br /> <br /> === Petalostylis spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Petalostylis labicheoides]]<br /> * var. casseoides. This is in error [Chemical Abstracts] See Johns et al. 1966a (Included by a number of references including Mears &amp; Mabry in Harbourne et al. 1971: 146)<br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * cv. Ottawa Synthetic - Amounts not given. Detected by tlc. Woods &amp; Clark 1971<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * cv. AQ-1 Occurence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> * Commercial) Weak occurrence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris tuberosa]]<br /> * cv. Australian Commercial - Minor alkaloid in seedlings. Mack et al. 1988<br /> * A minor alkaloid in 7 day old seedlings. Mulvena &amp; Slaytor 1983<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris paradoxa]] (Romania)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris truncata]] (France)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> === Psychotria spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria carthaginensis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Marcos. Collected 4 Sept 1968.] Traces of NMT Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria viridis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Zapote. Collected 22 July 1968]. Traces of NMT and 2-Methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-B-carboline as minor alkaloids. Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *&quot;Kawa Kut'; Sharanahua Indians, Marcos. Collected 7 October, 1968). NMT was major alkaloid in leaf [85% of 0.11% total alkaloids by dry wt.]. DMT was absent (12% of O.11% total] Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Swainsona spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Swainsona galegifolia]] (=S. coronillifolia Salisb.) <br /> *(Possible assay in stem and leaf. Contradictory results.) tlc by J. Appleseed<br /> <br /> === Tachigalia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Tachigalia paniculata]] A ubi.<br /> 0.005% w/w of previously prepared inflorescence extract. No information on plant we ight. Svoboda et af.<br /> 1979<br /> <br /> === Testulea spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Testulea gabonensis]]<br /> * Total alkaloids in Stem bark- 2.5% and in Root bark- 5%. N-Methyltryptamine was 90% of total. Leboeuf et al. 1977 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Virola spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Snuff]]<br /> *'Epena'· [No.24574; Origin: Rio Cauaburi, Brazil] - 0.014% N-Methyltryptamine: i.e. 14.3 mg. / 100 grams of sn uff. (2% of 715 mg total alkaloid per 100 gm.]<br /> * &quot; Nytzkwtina&quot; [No . 24626; Origin: Tototobi, Brazil] - Traces Agurell et al. 1969<br /> * Snuff: &quot; Epena&quot; ( Virola?) Snuff as prepared by Waica Indians (collected 1965). MMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT]. Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967<br /> <br /> [[Virola calophylla]]<br /> * [No.24603; Origin: Manaus, Brazil] Flowering shoots- 0.0077% NMT; 7.7 mg/ 100 gm (4% of 193 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots]; Leaf- 0.0062% NMT i.e. 6.2 mg/ 100 gm [4% of 155 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry leaves]. Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *Bark collected in Manaus, Brazil during 1964. NMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT). Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Virola rufulla]]<br /> * No.24612: Origin : Manaus, Brazil]. Leaf- 0.0059% i.e. 5.88 mg/ 100 gm [6% of 98 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry leaf]. Agurell et al. 1969<br /> <br /> [[Virola sebifera]]<br /> * Present in bark Kawanishi et al. 1985<br /> * Paste: Virola sebifera (DMK-40; Don Marcos no. I) NMT 1.38 mg/ ml. McKenna et al. 1984a<br /> <br /> [[Virola theiodora]]<br /> * No.24595; Origin: Manaus, Brazil. Bark- 0.0025% (i.e. 2.5 mg/ 100 gm) [1% of 250 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry]. - Flowering shoots- 0.033% (i.e. 32.9 mg/ 100 gm) [7% of 470mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots] - Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Bark- 0.0034% [8 mg from 235 gm. of bark]. Cassady et al. 1972, also 1971 The latter cited Cassady et al. 1970 (Published 1972] ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Zanthoxylum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]<br /> * 0.002% in lear (dry weight) Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Humans and other animals ===<br /> <br /> *Animals:<br /> [[Villagorgia rubra]] (A sea fan from New Caledonia)<br /> * Espada et al. 1993 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Paramuricea chamaeleon]]<br /> 30 mg. of NMT isolated from 200 grams of coral. Cimino&amp; DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Humans]]<br /> * Found in cerebrospinal fluid of some psychotics and some normal people by Corbett et al. 1978. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Oon &amp; Rodnight 1977 thought they observed in psychoties but did not prove.<br /> * See Davis 1989 for many more references on the reported natural occurrences of N-methyltryptamine in humans:<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> 30-100mg vaporised (duration 45-70 minutes), 50-180mg orally with MAOIs (duration 2-5 hours) - Nen (2001; 2011); Shulgin TIKHAL (1997)<br /> <br /> == Analysis of NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Colorimetric reagents ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=278350&amp;&amp;replacenum;post278350 Colorimetric reagent test results]<br /> <br /> === TLC ===<br /> <br /> Coming soon<br /> <br /> === GC-MS ===<br /> <br /> * Retention times for Amine 220, CHDMS and DEGS columns: Audette et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Expanded Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> MS:<br /> *[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997] HCI: (m/z) C2H6N+ 44 (100%);Indolemethylene' 131 , 130 (61%, 51%); parent ion 174 (2%)<br /> * Williams et al. 1971: [m/e 44, 103, 115, 130, 131, 143, 174]<br /> * Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967: [m/e 44 (base peak), 103, 115, 130, 131, 145, 174 (M+)]. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> Other Info:<br /> * GLC: Christian et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GLC-MS of HFB derivative: Benington et al. 1975; Vessman et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GC-MS: De Moraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === IR ===<br /> <br /> * Graphic portrayal. page 774 in Clarke's 1986.<br /> * [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997]: Base: (cm-1): 740, 1018, 1103, 1132, 1161<br /> HCl: (cm-1): 748.850, 1009, 1104. 1119, 1136<br /> <br /> === NMR ===<br /> <br /> Cohen et al. 1960; De Moraes et al. 1990; Fi1ho &amp; Gilbert 1975; Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/NMT 2024-05-29T15:53:03Z

<p>Historian: /* Acacia spp. */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> [[Image:Nmt.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''NMT Molecule'']]<br /> <br /> == Brief overview - What is NMT? ==<br /> <br /> NMT is a tryptamine found in several plants, previously thought to be inactive, but novel research done by [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Nen888] has shown it to be psychoactive.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> For solubility, melting point, etc, check the [[Psychedelic Compounds Chemical and Physical Properties#NMT|NMT Chemical and Physical Properties]] WIKI<br /> <br /> == Effects ==<br /> <br /> DMT Nexus user reports:<br /> <br /> * 1/3 to 1/4 potency of DMT. A slower onset than DMT, coming up after about 3-5 minutes and peaking within a minute, with residual low effects over an hour to 70 minutes thereafter. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=269093#post269093 Nen (2001)])<br /> <br /> * A higher body load and lower visual and mental activity than DMT. [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=51413 Arcologist])<br /> <br /> * Further info: [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml TIHKAL NMT entry]<br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;t=23544 Entheogenic Effects of NMT]<br /> <br /> == Pharmacology, toxicity and general safety ==<br /> <br /> *Present in trace amounts as part of normal metabolism ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11763413 Source])<br /> <br /> == Plants containing NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Acacia albida]] <br /> * (Faidherbia albida) Possible but unconfirmed presence. Detected· in Fall 1993, Spring, Summer, Fall 1994 and Spring 1995; tlc by Appleseed.<br /> <br /> [[Acacia confusa]] (=A. richei A .Gray)<br /> * Unspecified amount in bark. Lou et al. 1965<br /> * 1.43% in (dried?) root-bark Liu et at. 1977 (55.25% of total alkaloid) Root bark total alkaloid content was 2.58%<br /> * 0.04% in dried stem Arthur et at. 1967 (8.8 kg. of stems yielded 3.1 gm. NMT &amp; 1.3 gm. DMT.)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia maidenii]]<br /> * 0.24% in dry bark. Fitzgerald &amp; Sioumis 1965.<br /> * [Tentative positive in roots as the major alkaloid. (unconfirmed) tlc by Appleseed 1994) (2 year old seed grown plants)<br /> <br /> [[Acacia obtusifolia]]<br /> * Suspected to co-occur with DMT (tlc by Appleseed).<br /> *Mulga ran hplc-ms and observed what appeared to be a simple tryptamine but was unclear if the identity was this alkaloid or tryptamine as the parent fragments seemed to be lacking; see http://www. lycaeum.org/drugsiplants/ tryptamines/acacia/species.htm &amp; Trout's Notes on Acacias 2004.<br /> *60% of total alkaloid in common form - D. Siebert 1997; southern Cross Uni. 2000 cited by Nen<br /> <br /> [[Acacia rigidula]]<br /> *4.6 ppm in early spring/54.9 ppm in late fall. Fresh leaves, petioles &amp; tender twigs. Clement et al. 1998<br /> <br /> [[Acacia simplicifolia]] [=A. simplex?]<br /> *1.44% in bark and 0.29% in twigs. <br /> * Stem bark has 3.6% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (40% of total)<br /> * Twigs have 0.11% total alkaloid content. N-Methyltryptamine (26.3% of total). Poupat et al. 1976 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Anadenanthera spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Anadenanthera peregrina]]<br /> * No.24625; Origin: Boa Vista, Brazil]. -Traces in dry bark. (Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes)<br /> * Bark of Brazilian material (as Piptadenia). Legler &amp; Tschesche 1963 reported a mixture of 5-MeO-NMT and NMT as comprising 41% of the crude base.<br /> * as Piptadenia peregrina bark (Colombia in 1956). (Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Arthrophytum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum leptocladum]] M.Popov (Thin -stemmed Haloxyton)<br /> * 0.575% by dry weight in 1 year old Green shoots (Flowering stage) (3.7% total alkaloid content; Major alkaloid. Cooccurring with 2 b-carbolines.) Platonova el at. 1958. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * In leaf and stem. Smith 1977b cited Yurashevski 1941 Zhur. Obsch.Chem. 11:157 and Rousseau et al. 1966 Bull.Soc.Pharm.Nancy 71:31<br /> <br /> [[Arthrophytum wackchanica]] [A. wakhanicum?J<br /> * Smith 1977b cited Orekhov 1955 ref <br /> <br /> === Calycanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> Calycanthus has been listed as containing NMT. This is probably in error. Manske 1931a &amp; 193lc reported NMT as a degradation product of Calycanthine. Unable to locate any reference indicating its actual presence.<br /> <br /> === Delosperma spp. ===<br /> <br /> Presence of MMT in Delosperma spp. is unproven, except for the unpublished data involving work done by the Smith, Kline &amp; French Laboratories. (Cited by Raffauf 1970). Smith 1977b cited Rivier &amp; Pilet 1971 and Deulofeu 1973. Both had cited Raffauf 1970.<br /> <br /> * Assays by Appleseed 1994- 1996 ref Trout's Notes:<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma acuminatum]]<br /> * Faint. Sept., Nov. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma brittenae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma cooperi]]<br /> * Sept. 1994 and Nov. 1995 assays. (Ehrlich's and Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hallii]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma harazianum]]<br /> * Audhali Plateau, Yemen Nov. 1995 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma hirtum]]<br /> * Dec. 94 (Ehrlichs) Nov. 95 assay. traces (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma klinghardtianum]]<br /> * Nov. and Dec. assays. Sole base present. (Xanthydrol and Ehrlich's) Not seen Sept. 96 assay.<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma litorale]]<br /> * Nov. 1995 assay. (Xanthydrol)<br /> <br /> [[Delosperma pageanum]]<br /> * Same plant tested Christmas 1994) 2 Nov. 1995. Dark band (Xanthydrol)<br /> * Different plant from same source) Dec. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's)<br /> <br /> [[Delospemrma tradescantioides]]<br /> * Nov. 1994 assay. (Ehrlich's). Suspected MMT was major. All faint.<br /> <br /> === Desmanthus spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus illinoensis]]<br /> * 0.11% in Root bark (dried) and 0. 0016% in Root wood (dried) Thompson et al. 1987 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Desmanthus leptobolus]]<br /> * Tentative NMT presence in dried root bark (present in most but not all specimens) Appleseed tlc 1993-1994.<br /> <br /> <br /> === Diplopterys spp. === <br /> [[Diplopterys cabrerana]]<br /> * Traces in leaf. Agurell et al. ( 1968)a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Girgensohnia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Girgensohnia diptera]] Bge.<br /> * Yurashevski &amp; Stepanov(a?) 1939 (Smith 1977b) ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Haloxylon scoparium]]<br /> * Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997<br /> <br /> === Hammada spp. ====<br /> <br /> [[Hammada leptoclada]]<br /> * In leaf and stem. Orazkulyev et at. 1964 (Grazkuliev et at. 1964 Zh. prikl.Khim. Leningr., 37: 1394; according to Arthur et at. 1967.)<br /> <br /> === Hordeum vulgare ===<br /> * roots of seedlings?) Schneider &amp; Wightman 1974 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Justicia spp. ===<br /> [[Justicia pectoralis]]<br /> *In leaf. Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997 <br /> *var. stenophylla -In leaf. 31 August 1994 harvest. Faint band corresponding MMT. TLC by Appleseed ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === Mimosa spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]].<br /> * 0.0012% dry wt. in roots. Batista et al. 1999<br /> * In stem Batista &amp; Almeida 1997 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa scabrella]]<br /> * In bark. De Moraes et al. 1990 (No quantification)<br /> <br /> [[Mimosa somnians]]<br /> * 0.029% in dry whole plant. Gupta et al. 1979<br /> <br /> === Nectandra spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Nectandra megapotamica]] (Sprg.) Chodat &amp; Hassler<br /> 0.57 gm. from 5.7 kg. of finely powdered bark. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975<br /> <br /> === Petalostylis spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Petalostylis labicheoides]]<br /> * var. casseoides. This is in error [Chemical Abstracts] See Johns et al. 1966a (Included by a number of references including Mears &amp; Mabry in Harbourne et al. 1971: 146)<br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * cv. Ottawa Synthetic - Amounts not given. Detected by tlc. Woods &amp; Clark 1971<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * cv. AQ-1 Occurence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> * Commercial) Weak occurrence reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris tuberosa]]<br /> * cv. Australian Commercial - Minor alkaloid in seedlings. Mack et al. 1988<br /> * A minor alkaloid in 7 day old seedlings. Mulvena &amp; Slaytor 1983<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris paradoxa]] (Romania)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris truncata]] (France)<br /> * Traces reported (HPLC). Festi &amp; Samorini 1994b<br /> <br /> === Psychotria spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria carthaginensis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Marcos. Collected 4 Sept 1968.] Traces of NMT Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Psychotria viridis]]<br /> * [&quot;Rami appant'; Culina Indians, Zapote. Collected 22 July 1968]. Traces of NMT and 2-Methyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-B-carboline as minor alkaloids. Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *&quot;Kawa Kut'; Sharanahua Indians, Marcos. Collected 7 October, 1968). NMT was major alkaloid in leaf [85% of 0.11% total alkaloids by dry wt.]. DMT was absent (12% of O.11% total] Rivier &amp; Lindgren 1972 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> === Swainsona spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Swainsona galegifolia]] (=S. coronillifolia Salisb.) <br /> *(Possible assay in stem and leaf. Contradictory results.) tlc by J. Appleseed<br /> <br /> === Tachigalia spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Tachigalia paniculata]] A ubi.<br /> 0.005% w/w of previously prepared inflorescence extract. No information on plant we ight. Svoboda et af.<br /> 1979<br /> <br /> === Testulea spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Testulea gabonensis]]<br /> * Total alkaloids in Stem bark- 2.5% and in Root bark- 5%. N-Methyltryptamine was 90% of total. Leboeuf et al. 1977 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Virola spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Snuff]]<br /> *'Epena'· [No.24574; Origin: Rio Cauaburi, Brazil] - 0.014% N-Methyltryptamine: i.e. 14.3 mg. / 100 grams of sn uff. (2% of 715 mg total alkaloid per 100 gm.]<br /> * &quot; Nytzkwtina&quot; [No . 24626; Origin: Tototobi, Brazil] - Traces Agurell et al. 1969<br /> * Snuff: &quot; Epena&quot; ( Virola?) Snuff as prepared by Waica Indians (collected 1965). MMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT]. Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967<br /> <br /> [[Virola calophylla]]<br /> * [No.24603; Origin: Manaus, Brazil] Flowering shoots- 0.0077% NMT; 7.7 mg/ 100 gm (4% of 193 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots]; Leaf- 0.0062% NMT i.e. 6.2 mg/ 100 gm [4% of 155 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry leaves]. Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> *Bark collected in Manaus, Brazil during 1964. NMT (with DMT and 5-MeO-DMT). Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Virola rufulla]]<br /> * No.24612: Origin : Manaus, Brazil]. Leaf- 0.0059% i.e. 5.88 mg/ 100 gm [6% of 98 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry leaf]. Agurell et al. 1969<br /> <br /> [[Virola sebifera]]<br /> * Present in bark Kawanishi et al. 1985<br /> * Paste: Virola sebifera (DMK-40; Don Marcos no. I) NMT 1.38 mg/ ml. McKenna et al. 1984a<br /> <br /> [[Virola theiodora]]<br /> * No.24595; Origin: Manaus, Brazil. Bark- 0.0025% (i.e. 2.5 mg/ 100 gm) [1% of 250 mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. dry]. - Flowering shoots- 0.033% (i.e. 32.9 mg/ 100 gm) [7% of 470mg. of total alkaloids/ 100 gm. of dry flowering shoots] - Agurell et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Bark- 0.0034% [8 mg from 235 gm. of bark]. Cassady et al. 1972, also 1971 The latter cited Cassady et al. 1970 (Published 1972] ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Zanthoxylum spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]<br /> * 0.002% in lear (dry weight) Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> === Humans and other animals ===<br /> <br /> *Animals:<br /> [[Villagorgia rubra]] (A sea fan from New Caledonia)<br /> * Espada et al. 1993 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Paramuricea chamaeleon]]<br /> 30 mg. of NMT isolated from 200 grams of coral. Cimino&amp; DeStefano 1978 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> [[Humans]]<br /> * Found in cerebrospinal fluid of some psychotics and some normal people by Corbett et al. 1978. ref Trout's Notes<br /> * Oon &amp; Rodnight 1977 thought they observed in psychoties but did not prove.<br /> * See Davis 1989 for many more references on the reported natural occurrences of N-methyltryptamine in humans:<br /> <br /> == Extraction teks ==<br /> <br /> == Dosages and consumption methods ==<br /> <br /> 30-100mg vaporised (duration 45-70 minutes), 50-180mg orally with MAOIs (duration 2-5 hours) - Nen (2001; 2011); Shulgin TIKHAL (1997)<br /> <br /> == Analysis of NMT ==<br /> <br /> === Colorimetric reagents ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=278350&amp;&amp;replacenum;post278350 Colorimetric reagent test results]<br /> <br /> === TLC ===<br /> <br /> Coming soon<br /> <br /> === GC-MS ===<br /> <br /> * Retention times for Amine 220, CHDMS and DEGS columns: Audette et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:Nmtgcms2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Expanded Mass Spectrum<br /> <br /> MS:<br /> *[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997] HCI: (m/z) C2H6N+ 44 (100%);Indolemethylene' 131 , 130 (61%, 51%); parent ion 174 (2%)<br /> * Williams et al. 1971: [m/e 44, 103, 115, 130, 131, 143, 174]<br /> * Holmstedt &amp; Lindgren 1967: [m/e 44 (base peak), 103, 115, 130, 131, 145, 174 (M+)]. Filho &amp; Gilbert 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> <br /> Other Info:<br /> * GLC: Christian et al. 1975 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GLC-MS of HFB derivative: Benington et al. 1975; Vessman et al. 1969 ref Trout's Notes<br /> * GC-MS: De Moraes et al. 1990 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> === IR ===<br /> <br /> * Graphic portrayal. page 774 in Clarke's 1986.<br /> * [http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal50.shtml Shulgin &amp; Shulgin 1997]: Base: (cm-1): 740, 1018, 1103, 1132, 1161<br /> HCl: (cm-1): 748.850, 1009, 1104. 1119, 1136<br /> <br /> === NMR ===<br /> <br /> Cohen et al. 1960; De Moraes et al. 1990; Fi1ho &amp; Gilbert 1975; Grina et al. 1982 ref Trout's Notes<br /> <br /> == Scientific publications ==<br /> <br /> == Other links of interest ==<br /> <br /> {{Page Footer|Allies and Associated Alkaloids}}<br /> [[Category:Alkaloids]]</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:49:40Z

<p>Historian: /* Natural sources of hordenine */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus spp ===<br /> <br /> * Echinocerus candicans, previously classified as [[Trichocereus candicans]], Hordenine found to be 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953).<br /> <br /> * Echinocereus merkeri, hordenine also found to be present (Agurell et al 1969).<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003).<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:47:53Z

<p>Historian: /* Phalaris spp. */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus spp ===<br /> <br /> * Echinocerus candicans, previously classified as [[Trichocereus candicans]], Hordenine found to be 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953).<br /> <br /> * Echinocereus merkeri, hordenine also found to be present (Agurell et al 1969).<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003).<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arundinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:47:16Z

<p>Historian: /* Natural sources of hordenine */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus spp ===<br /> <br /> * Echinocerus candicans, previously classified as [[Trichocereus candicans]], Hordenine found to be 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953).<br /> <br /> * Echinocereus merkeri, hordenine also found to be present (Agurell et al 1969).<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003).<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:45:56Z

<p>Historian: /* Natural sources of hordenine */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus spp ===<br /> <br /> * Echinocerus candicans, previously classified as [[Trichocereus candicans]], Hordenine found to be 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953).<br /> <br /> * Echinocereus merkeri, hordenine also found to be present (Agurell et al 1969).<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003).<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:45:09Z

<p>Historian: /* Echinocereus spp */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus spp ===<br /> <br /> * Echinocerus candicans, previously classified as [[Trichocereus candicans]], Hordenine found to be 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953).<br /> <br /> * Echinocereus merkeri, hordenine also found to be present (Agurell et al 1969).<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003).<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:44:54Z

<p>Historian: /* Echinocereus spp */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus spp ===<br /> <br /> * Echinocerus candicans, previously classified as [[Trichocereus candicans]], Hordenine found to be 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953).<br /> <br /> * Echinocereus merkeri, hordenine also found to be present( Agurell et al 1969).<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003).<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:44:29Z

<p>Historian: /* Echinocereus spp */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus spp ===<br /> <br /> * Echinocerus candicans, previously classified as [[Trichocereus candicans]], Hordenine found to be 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953).<br /> <br /> * Echinocereus merkeri, hordenine also found to be present(Agurell et al 1969).<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003).<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:43:56Z

<p>Historian: /* Echinocereus spp */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus spp ===<br /> <br /> * Echinocerus candicans, previously classified as [[Trichocereus candicans]], Hordenine found to be 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953).<br /> <br /> * Echinocereus merkeri also found to be present(Agurell et al 1969).<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003).<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:43:38Z

<p>Historian: /* Echinocereus spp */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus spp ===<br /> <br /> * Echinocerus candicans, previously classified as [[Trichocereus candicans]], Hordenine found to be 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953).<br /> <br /> <br /> * Echinocereus merkeri also found to be present(Agurell et al 1969).<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003).<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:43:19Z

<p>Historian: /* Echinocereus spp */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus spp ===<br /> <br /> * Echinocerus candicans<br /> previously classified as [[Trichocereus candicans]], Hordenine found to be 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953).<br /> <br /> <br /> * Echinocereus merkeri also found to be present(Agurell et al 1969).<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003).<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:42:15Z

<p>Historian: /* Natural sources of hordenine */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus spp ===<br /> <br /> * Echinocerus candicans, previously classified as [[Trichocereus candicans]], Hordenine found to be 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953).<br /> <br /> * Echinocereus merkeri also found to be present(Agurell et al 1969).<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003).<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:41:01Z

<p>Historian: /* Echinocereus candicans */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus spp ===<br /> <br /> * Echinocerus candicans, previously classified as [[Trichocereus candicans]], Hordenine found to be 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953).<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus merkeri ===<br /> <br /> * Present in Echinocereus merkeri (Agurell et al 1969)<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003),<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:39:53Z

<p>Historian: /* Echinocereus candicans */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus candicans ===<br /> <br /> * Previously classified as [[Trichocereus candicans]], Hordenine found to be 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953).<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus merkeri ===<br /> <br /> * Present in Echinocereus merkeri (Agurell et al 1969)<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003),<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:39:04Z

<p>Historian: /* Echinocereus candicans */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus candicans ===<br /> <br /> * Previously classified as ''Trichocereus candicans'', Hordenine found to be 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953).<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus merkeri ===<br /> <br /> * Present in Echinocereus merkeri (Agurell et al 1969)<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003),<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:37:48Z

<p>Historian: /* Acacia spp. */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophylla, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus candicans ===<br /> <br /> * (previously classified as ''Trichocereus candicans'') Hordenine 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus merkeri ===<br /> <br /> * Present in Echinocereus merkeri (Agurell et al 1969)<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003),<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:37:35Z

<p>Historian: /* Natural sources of hordenine */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophyll.a, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Traces of Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus candicans ===<br /> <br /> * (previously classified as ''Trichocereus candicans'') Hordenine 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus merkeri ===<br /> <br /> * Present in Echinocereus merkeri (Agurell et al 1969)<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003),<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:36:47Z

<p>Historian: /* What is hordenine */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in a range of plant species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophyll.a, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus candicans ===<br /> <br /> (previously classified as ''Trichocereus candicans'') * Hordenine 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus merkeri ===<br /> <br /> * Present in Echinocereus merkeri (Agurell et al 1969)<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003),<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:36:00Z

<p>Historian: /* Natural sources of hordenine */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in several cactus, phalaris, and acacia species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophyll.a, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus candicans ===<br /> <br /> (previously classified as ''Trichocereus candicans'') * Hordenine 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus merkeri ===<br /> <br /> * Present in Echinocereus merkeri (Agurell et al 1969)<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003),<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:33:47Z

<p>Historian: /* Echinocereus spp. */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in several cactus, phalaris, and acacia species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophyll.a, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus candicans ===<br /> <br /> (previously classified as Trichocereus candicans, 0.5-5.0% of alkaloid (Reti, L. 1953)<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003),<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Hordenine 2024-05-29T15:28:07Z

<p>Historian: /* What is hordenine */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:hordeninefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is hordenine ==<br /> <br /> * ''Hordenine'' (N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylamine) is a phenethylamine alkaloid present in several cactus, phalaris, and acacia species, with unknown human activity. It is suspected to have stimulant or 'ephedra like' effects.<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Hordenine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Hordenine]<br /> <br /> == Biochemistry and pharmacology ==<br /> <br /> * Radiolabeling showed that tyrosine was the biosynthetic precursor to both HMePEA and hordenine in barley (Leete and Marion, 1953).<br /> <br /> * Action on isolated frog heart was studied (Ellis, 1949). LD50 for mice determined (Aliev et, 1967). Effects on the Heobania vermiculata nerve cell firing studied (Avoli et al., 1978).<br /> <br /> * Tyramine (HPEA) and N-methyltyramine (HMePEA) were equally effective as pressors and bronchodilators (at 1 ug/ kg). Hordenine is only one tenth as potent, but the quaternary salt HM3 PEA) was more potent than all three (Alles, 19~3). Hordenine has sympathacolytic actions; large doses decreases or inverts the hypertenstve actwn of adrenaline (Raymond Hamet, 1936).<br /> <br /> *.Enzymatic oxidative deamination and behavioral effects on the cat were observed (Clark et al., 1964); hordenine was also studied in relationship to the compulsive gnaw syndrome in the rat {Ernst, 1965b). Hordenine, in i.v. and oral administration in sheep, induced the clinical signs of Phalaris toxicity but not the cardiac sudden death syndrome (Bourke et al.,1988, 2006).<br /> <br /> * Hordenine was studied in laboratory animals, along with 32 other ring-substituted phenethylamines, as protective agents against ionizing radiation (ll'yuchenok et al., 1976). The occasional observation of hordenine in the urine of racehorses led to a pharmacological study of hordenine administration for performance enhancement (Frank et al., 1990; Hapke and Strathman, 1995).<br /> <br /> * Human psychoactivity of hordenine is unknown.<br /> <br /> == Natural sources of hordenine == <br /> <br /> === Hordeum spp ===<br /> <br /> * Un-sprouted barley contains no hordenine, but it appears following germination. During the four days immediately after germination, the hordenine content was highest, and decreased as the embryo grew older, so that after 25 days no hordenine was present (Torquati 1911). Both hordenine and gramine are biosynthesized in barley malt during germination (Mangino and Scanlan, 1984). Ten grams of fresh barley rootlets upon extraction with dilute sulfuric acid and clean-up, yielded 1.2 mg of pure hordenine (Raout 1934). The major source of hordenine consumption in humans is from beer brewed from barley (Singh et al, 1992). ref Shulgin Index<br /> <br /> === Acacia spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Extraction of NH40H moistened leaves and twigs of Acacia harpophyll.a, and similarly heated tissues of A. holosericea, A kettlewelliae, A. adunca, and A harpophylla produced hor denine (Fitzgerald, 1964). Hordenine was reported in A. berlandieri (Clement et aL, 1997) A rigidula (Clement et aL, 1998), and in fresh trunk bark from A spirorlis (Poupat and Sevenet 1975). Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Acacia berlandieri (Adams and Camp, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Aconitum spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine in Aconitum tanguticum (Wang et al., 2002), <br /> <br /> === Algae ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine hns been also observed in the marine algae Phyllophora nervosa (Guvcn et al., 1969, 1970), Ahnfeltia paradoxa (Kawauchi and Sasaki, 1978), and the marine red alga Gigartina stellata (Barwell and Blunden, 1981).<br /> <br /> === Alhagi spp. ===<br /> * hordenine found in the stem (and to a lesser extent, the root) of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973b)<br /> <br /> === Ariocarpus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Neal et al., 197la), A fissuratus, vars. fissuratus and lloydii (McLaughlin, 1969) A retusus (Braga and McLaughlin, 1969), A trigonus (Speir et aL 1970) <br /> <br /> <br /> === Cannabis spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine was identified in the dried leaves of Cannabis sativa (El-Feraly and Turner 1975).<br /> <br /> === Desmodium === <br /> <br /> * Hordenine has been found in the legumes Desmodium gangeticum (Ghosal and Bhattacharaya, 1972), D. tiliaefolium (Ghosal and Srivastava, 1973a), in Desmodium triflorum (Ghosal et al., 1973) and D. floribundu G. Don. (Maurya et al., 1985)<br /> <br /> === Echinocereus spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Present in Echinocereus merkeri (Agurell et al 1969)<br /> <br /> === Ephedra spp. ===<br /> <br /> * Ephedra aphylla (Abdel-Kader et al., 2003),<br /> <br /> === Haloxylon spp. ===<br /> * Haloxylon salicomicum (El-Shazly et al., 2005).<br /> <br /> === Lophophora spp. ===<br /> <br /> [[Lophophora williamsii]]<br /> * An alkaloid (anhaline) from Lophophora williamsii was shown to be hordenine (Spath, 1919) and further proven to be identical with hordenine by th.e comparison of the mixed melting points of the picrate, the perchlorate, the methiodide, and the 0 -acetyl ester hydrochloride (Spath, 1921). The L. illiamsii alkaloid peyocactin was shown to be hordenine (Rao, 1970). It has also been found in L. williamsii by others (Lundstrom and Agurell, 1968a).<br /> * Hordenine, tyramine, and HMePEA were isolated from Lophophora williamsii (McLaughlin and Paul, 1966).<br /> <br /> === Pancratium spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine has been isolated from Pancratium maritimum (Sandberg et al. 1963)<br /> <br /> === Panicum spp ===<br /> <br /> * The accumulation of hordenine in the seedlings of Panicum miliaceum continues for at least eight days (Demaree and Tyler, 1956). <br /> <br /> <br /> === Sageretia ===<br /> <br /> * from shrubs of the Rhamnaceae: Sageretia hamosa, S. he11ryi, S. melliana, and S. thea (Zhong et al., 1994), <br /> <br /> <br /> === Securinega spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine isolated from the roots of Securinega virosa (Iketubosin and Mathieson, 1963). . <br /> <br /> === Selenicereus spp. ===<br /> * Hordenine ;vas isolated from Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. pterantltus (Petershofer-Halbmayer et al., 1982), <br /> <br /> === Other cactus ===<br /> <br /> * Hordenine present in Gymnocalycium saglione (Nieto et aL, 1982), Gymnocalycium spp. (Starha, 1996), Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Cereus aethiops (Ruiz et aL, 1973) <br /> * Mammillaria microcarpa (Howe et aL, 1977a)<br /> * Obregonia deneg1'ii (Neal et al 1971b), <br /> * Islaya minor Backbg. (Doetsch et aL, 1980) <br /> * Ariocarpus agavoides and Pelecyphora aselliformis (Bruhn and Bruhn, 1973; Neal et aL 1972), <br /> * Coryphantha rarnillosa (Sato et aL, 1973), C macromeris var. runyonii (Keller et aL, 1973) and C (Neobesseya) missouriensis (Pummangura et aL, 1981), seven species of Coryphanta. (Homemann et aL, 1972). Hordenine was found in Coryphanta greenwoodii, C bumamma, and three additional species (Bruhn et aL, 1975) and was the sole alkaloid found in Colyphantha vivipara var arizonica (Howe et aL, 1977b)<br /> * seven species of the cactus genus Gymnocactus specifically G. aguirreanus, G. beguinii, G. horripilus, G. knuthianus, G. mandragora, G. roseanus, and G. vierechi (West et aL, 1974), <br /> * Ariocarpus scapharostrus (Bruhn, 1975),<br /> * Lobivia backebergii, L bingharniana, L pentlandii, and Pseudolol1ivia kermesina (Follas et aL, 1977), <br /> * Espostoa huanucensis (Mata et aL, 1976) <br /> * Dolichothele surculosa and other Dolichothele species (Dingerdissen and McLaughlin, 1973), <br /> * Turbinicarpus spedes (Starha et aL, 1999)<br /> * the Opuntia subgenera Cylindropuntia and other Opuntia spp. (Meyer et aL, 1980). . Hordenine, along with tyramine, 3-methoxytyramine, and N-methyltyramine were found in Opuntia species (Meyer et aL, 1980). <br /> * Hordenine was isolated from Stapelia gigantea (Keller, 1981)<br /> * hordenine, its glucoside and its acetate ester, the quaternary amine candicine, and the flavone luteolin were isolated from the African cactus Stapelia hirsuta L, commonly known as window sill cactus (Shabana et aL, 2006).<br /> <br /> <br /> === Phalaris spp. ===<br /> [[Phalaris arudinacea]]<br /> * Reed canary grass contains both hordenine (Audette et al., 1969) and several indolealkylamines; meadow voles were used to estimate the toxicity of this grass as forage material (Goelz et al., 1980). Quantitative analyses were made of P. arundinacea (Duynisveld et al., 1990; Kalen et al., 1992). Hordenine and 5-MeO-NMT (5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine) were also isolated from P. arundinaceae (Wilkinson, 1958; Bourke et al., 1988). <br /> <br /> [[Phalaris aquatica]]<br /> * The acute toxicity of Phalaris aquatica (also known as P. tuberosa, Harding grass) is purported to be due to three alkaloids that are present: gramine, 5-MeO-DMT, and hordenine (Bourke et al., 1988), though other phenethylamines have also be implicated (Culvenor el al. 2005; Bourke et al., 2008).<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> === GC-MS EI ===<br /> <br /> http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C539151&amp;Mask=200#Mass-Spec<br /> <br /> === LC-MS ESI ===<br /> <br /> http://131.113.122.76/jsp/Dispatcher.jsp?type=disp&amp;id=WA002706&amp;site=2</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Gramine 2024-05-18T13:37:34Z

<p>Historian: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:graminefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is gramine ==<br /> <br /> * Gramine is an indole alkaloid present in some plants such as Phalaris, Phargmites, and Arundo spp. It has been previously claimed to be potentially toxic, however recent evidence shows it to have very low toxicity (relative to other alkaloids such as tryptamines) and to have potential antimutagenic effects - it is found most commonly in ''Avena sativa'' (Oats). &lt;ref&gt;''Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays'', Manash Pratim Pathak et al. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2018 Apr. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28523965/ &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/phalaris-project.362215/post-3873447&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Gramine (''3-(dimethylaminomethyl)-indole'') properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Gramine]<br /> <br /> == Extractions ==<br /> <br /> Gramine is not soluble in naphtha or petroleum ether, therefore extractions using these solvents will not contain gramine. It is soluble in ethanol.<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=295867#post295867 Gramine and other alkaloid's Rf for TLC and column chromatography]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Gramine 2024-05-18T13:35:35Z

<p>Historian: /* Extractions */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:graminefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is gramine ==<br /> <br /> * Gramine is an indole alkaloid present in some plants such as from Phalaris, Phargmites, and Arundo spp. It has been claimed to be potentially toxic, however recent evidence shows it to have very low toxicity (relative to other alkaloids such as tryptamines) and to have potential antimutagenic effects - it is found most commonly in ''Avena sativa'' (Oats). &lt;ref&gt;''Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays'', Manash Pratim Pathak et al. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2018 Apr. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28523965/ &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/phalaris-project.362215/post-3873447&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Gramine (''3-(dimethylaminomethyl)-indole'') properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Gramine]<br /> <br /> == Extractions ==<br /> <br /> Gramine is not soluble in naphtha or petroleum ether, therefore extractions using these solvents will not contain gramine. It is soluble in ethanol.<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=295867#post295867 Gramine and other alkaloid's Rf for TLC and column chromatography]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Gramine 2024-05-18T13:34:21Z

<p>Historian: /* Extractions */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:graminefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is gramine ==<br /> <br /> * Gramine is an indole alkaloid present in some plants such as from Phalaris, Phargmites, and Arundo spp. It has been claimed to be potentially toxic, however recent evidence shows it to have very low toxicity (relative to other alkaloids such as tryptamines) and to have potential antimutagenic effects - it is found most commonly in ''Avena sativa'' (Oats). &lt;ref&gt;''Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays'', Manash Pratim Pathak et al. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2018 Apr. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28523965/ &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/phalaris-project.362215/post-3873447&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Gramine (''3-(dimethylaminomethyl)-indole'') properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Gramine]<br /> <br /> == Extractions ==<br /> <br /> Gramine is not soluble in naphtha or petroleum ether. It is soluble in ethanol.<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=295867#post295867 Gramine and other alkaloid's Rf for TLC and column chromatography]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Gramine 2024-05-18T13:31:40Z

<p>Historian: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:graminefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is gramine ==<br /> <br /> * Gramine is an indole alkaloid present in some plants such as from Phalaris, Phargmites, and Arundo spp. It has been claimed to be potentially toxic, however recent evidence shows it to have very low toxicity (relative to other alkaloids such as tryptamines) and to have potential antimutagenic effects - it is found most commonly in ''Avena sativa'' (Oats). &lt;ref&gt;''Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays'', Manash Pratim Pathak et al. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2018 Apr. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28523965/ &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/phalaris-project.362215/post-3873447&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Gramine (''3-(dimethylaminomethyl)-indole'') properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Gramine]<br /> <br /> == Extractions ==<br /> <br /> Gramine is not soluble in naphtha or petroleum ether. It is soluble in water and ethanol.<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=295867#post295867 Gramine and other alkaloid's Rf for TLC and column chromatography]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Gramine 2024-05-18T13:30:28Z

<p>Historian: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:graminefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is gramine ==<br /> <br /> * Gramine is an indole alkaloid present in some plants such as from Phalaris, Phargmites, and Arundo spp. It has been claimed to be potentially toxic, however recent evidence shows it to have very low toxicity (relative to other alkaloids such as tryptamines) and to have potential antimutagenic effects - it is found most commonly in ''Avena sativa'' (Oats). &lt;ref&gt;''Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays'', Manash Pratim Pathak et al. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2018 Apr. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/phalaris-project.362215/post-3873447&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Gramine (''3-(dimethylaminomethyl)-indole'') properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Gramine]<br /> <br /> == Extractions ==<br /> <br /> Gramine is not soluble in naphtha or petroleum ether. It is soluble in water and ethanol.<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=295867#post295867 Gramine and other alkaloid's Rf for TLC and column chromatography]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Gramine 2024-05-18T13:29:50Z

<p>Historian: updated and referenced info on gramine sources and toxicity</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:graminefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is gramine ==<br /> <br /> * Gramine is an indole alkaloid present in some plants such as from Phalaris, Phargmites, and Arundo spp. It has been claimed to be potentially toxic, however recent evidence shows it to have very low toxicity (relative to other alkaloids such as tryptamines) and to have potential antimutagenic effects - it is found most commonly in ''Avena sativa'' (Oats). &lt;ref&gt;''Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays'', Manash Pratim Pathak et al. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2018 Apr. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/phalaris-project.362215/post-3873447&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Gramine (3-(dimethylaminomethyl)-indole) properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Gramine]<br /> <br /> == Extractions ==<br /> <br /> Gramine is not soluble in naphtha or petroleum ether. It is soluble in water and ethanol.<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=295867#post295867 Gramine and other alkaloid's Rf for TLC and column chromatography]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Gramine 2024-05-18T13:28:45Z

<p>Historian: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:graminefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is gramine ==<br /> <br /> * Gramine is an indole alkaloid present in some plants such as from Phalaris, Phargmites, and Arundo spp. It has been claimed to be potentially toxic, however recent evidence shows it to have very low toxicity (relative to other alkaloids such as tryptamines) and to have potential antimutagenic effects. It is found most commonly in ''Avena sativa'' (Oats). &lt;ref&gt;''Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays'', Manash Pratim Pathak et al. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2018 Apr. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/phalaris-project.362215/post-3873447&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Gramine (3-(dimethylaminomethyl)-indole) properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Gramine]<br /> <br /> == Extractions ==<br /> <br /> Gramine is not soluble in naphtha or petroleum ether. It is soluble in water and ethanol.<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=295867#post295867 Gramine and other alkaloid's Rf for TLC and column chromatography]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Gramine 2024-05-18T13:28:27Z

<p>Historian: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:graminefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is gramine ==<br /> <br /> * Gramine is an indole alkaloid present in some plants such as from Phalaris, Phargmites, and Arundo spp. It has been claimed in the past to be potentially toxic, however recent evidence shows it to have very low toxicity (relative to other alkaloids such as tryptamines) and to have potential antimutagenic effects. It is found most commonly in ''Avena sativa'' (Oats). &lt;ref&gt;''Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays'', Manash Pratim Pathak et al. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2018 Apr. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/phalaris-project.362215/post-3873447&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Gramine (3-(dimethylaminomethyl)-indole) properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Gramine]<br /> <br /> == Extractions ==<br /> <br /> Gramine is not soluble in naphtha or petroleum ether. It is soluble in water and ethanol.<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=295867#post295867 Gramine and other alkaloid's Rf for TLC and column chromatography]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Gramine 2024-05-18T13:25:46Z

<p>Historian: /* Extractions */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:graminefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is gramine ==<br /> <br /> * Gramine is an indole alkaloid present in some plants such as from Phalaris and Arundo spp. It has been claimed to be potentially toxic, however recent evidence shows it to have very low toxicity (relative to other alkaloids such as tryptamines) and to have potential antimutagenic effects. It is found most commonly in ''Avena sativa'' (Oats) &lt;ref&gt;Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays, Manash Pratim Pathak et al. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2018 Apr. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/phalaris-project.362215/post-3873447&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Gramine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Gramine]<br /> <br /> == Extractions ==<br /> <br /> Gramine is not soluble in naphtha or petroleum ether. It is soluble in water and ethanol.<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=295867#post295867 Gramine and other alkaloid's Rf for TLC and column chromatography]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Gramine 2024-05-18T13:23:11Z

<p>Historian: /* What is gramine */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:graminefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is gramine ==<br /> <br /> * Gramine is an indole alkaloid present in some plants such as from Phalaris and Arundo spp. It has been claimed to be potentially toxic, however recent evidence shows it to have very low toxicity (relative to other alkaloids such as tryptamines) and to have potential antimutagenic effects. It is found most commonly in ''Avena sativa'' (Oats) &lt;ref&gt;Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays, Manash Pratim Pathak et al. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2018 Apr. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://forum.dmt-nexus.me/threads/phalaris-project.362215/post-3873447&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Gramine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Gramine]<br /> <br /> == Extractions ==<br /> <br /> To eliminate gramine from extractions, so far there havent been many tested methods but potentially extracting with aliphatic naphtha/hexane/heptane/petroleum ether, and recrystallizing in one of these solvents should get rid of it considering Merck Index indicates it is not soluble in those solvents, as written in the chemical properties link above.<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=295867#post295867 Gramine and other alkaloid's Rf for TLC and column chromatography]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Historian https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Gramine 2024-05-18T13:20:36Z

<p>Historian: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Alkaloids]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Image:graminefreebase.png|right]]<br /> <br /> == What is gramine ==<br /> <br /> * Gramine is an indole alkaloid present in some plants such as from Phalaris and Arundo spp. It has been claimed to be potentially toxic, however recent evidence shows it to have very low toxicity (relative to other alkaloids such as tryptamines) and to have potential antimutagenic effects. It is found most commonly in Avena sativa (Oats) &lt;ref&gt;Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays, Manash Pratim Pathak et al. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2018 Apr. &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chemical and physical properties ==<br /> <br /> [Gramine properties http://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/Psychedelic_Compounds_Chemical_and_Physical_Properties#Gramine]<br /> <br /> == Extractions ==<br /> <br /> To eliminate gramine from extractions, so far there havent been many tested methods but potentially extracting with aliphatic naphtha/hexane/heptane/petroleum ether, and recrystallizing in one of these solvents should get rid of it considering Merck Index indicates it is not soluble in those solvents, as written in the chemical properties link above.<br /> <br /> == Analysis ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&amp;m=295867#post295867 Gramine and other alkaloid's Rf for TLC and column chromatography]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> &lt;references/&gt;</div>

Historian