Phalaris aquatica

2015-01-02T23:21:30Z

Chimp Z:

== General Plant Info ==
'''Phalaris aquatica, syn. P. tuberosa''', known by the common names '''Bulbous canarygrass''' and '''Harding grass''', is a species of grass in the genus Phalaris of the Poaceae Family.

It is slow to develop from seed, but can form large bunches after several years.
Phalaris arundinacea ('Reed canary grass') differs from Harding grass in having more distinct rhizomes and an inflorescence that is compact at first but later becomes more open as the branches spread.
Hybrids of Harding grass and reed canary grass have been produced. Varieties include 'AQ1', 'Uneta', and 'Australis'.
Toxicity

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
(unranked): Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Phalaris
Species: P. aquatica
Binomial name
Phalaris aquatica
L.

== Geographic Distribution ==
== Identification ==
It is an erect, waist-high, stout perennial bunch grass with grayish to bluish green leaves. Flowering heads are dense, spike-like, and usually two to five inches long.
Spikelets homogamous borne singly, all fertile. Plants perennial. Panicle spiciform 5-15cm long, not expanding at anthesis; basal internodes sub-bulbous; glumes winged.

species not to be confused for Phalaris Aquatica:
Anthoxanthum Odaratum(Sweet Vernal Grass), Holcus Lanatus(Yorkshire Fog Grass), H. Mollis(Creeping Fog), H. Setiger, Setaria Apiculata(Pigeon Grass), S. Apiculata(Italian Millet), S. Verticillata(Bristly Foxtail), S. Viridis(Green Pigeon Grass).
== Alkaloid content ==
Some Phalaris species contain gramine, which can cause brain damage, other organ damage, central nervous system damage and death in sheep.
Leaves and seedlings contain the tryptamine hallucinogens DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and related compounds.[4] A raw, dried plant Phalaris aquatica contains approximately 0.1% DMT, 0.022% 5-MeO-DMT, and 0.005% bufotenin.A particular strain of P. aquatica from Italy, labeled 'AQ-1', was reported to contain in excess of 1.0% alkaloid concentration.
== Extraction ==
== Other uses ==
== Cultivation ==
http://dmt.tribe.net/thread/9df2bf53-c05a-44fa-8bad-5a9546e14fbf
== Suppliers ==
== Links ==
== References ==

Invasive species
Harding Grass is an invasive species in grassland, oak woodland, and chaparral, and riparian habitats. The California native grasses in rangelands and native grasslands are affected.

Phalaris canariensis

2015-01-02T23:15:59Z

Chimp Z:

Group: Monocot
Family: Poaceae
Duration: Annual
Growth Habit: Graminoid

Common names: Canaria, Scagliola, Alpiste, Canary Grass, Bird seed.

Flowering occurs in May to Mid-June or August, often times going even later into the cold season.
The large, coarse grass has erect stems, usually from .6-1.8 meters tall.
Plants have a rather shallow, running root system and form an impenetrable ground cover.
The gradually tapering leaf blades are 8.9-25.4cm long, .6-1.9cm wide, flat, and often harsh on both surfaces.
Flower/inflorescences are green or slightly purple at first then become tan.
Seeds are shiny brown, largest of any Phalaris spp.
Tolerant of most conditions dry or wet, cultivated in California to Mexico and other regions in Europe and the Middle East for food generally sold on the market as 'Alpiste' or 'Canary Seed'. The seed is used as bird food, and is generally mixed with rapeseed and seeds that cheapen it. Industrially, a flour made from seed is employed in the manufacture of fine cotton goods and silk stuffs. In the Canary Islands, Italy and North Africa, it is used commonly as food. There is potential as biofuel for an environmentally sound replacement of oil, this is a similar case with Arundo Donax, Phalaris Arundinacea and Phragmites Australis.
Considered the commercial variety of Phalaris Brachystachys.

Two Italian Researchers, Festi and Samorini detected N,N Dimethyltryptamine(DMT), 5-Methoxy-N,N Dimethyltryptamine(5-MeO-DMT), and 5-Hydroxy-N,N Dimethyltryptamine(5-OH-DMT or Bufotenine) in varying concentrations in this particular grass in 1994.

G. Adam and H.J. Duncan 1999. Effects of Diesel Fuel on Growth of Selected Plant Species. Env. Geochemistry and Health 21: 353-357

M. Angels Bonet and Joan Valles. Pharmaceutical Ethnobotany in the Montseny biosphere reserve(Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula) General Results and new or rarely reported medicinal plants. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2003. 55. 259-270

F. Festi and G. Samorini. 'Ayahuasca-like' effects obtained with Italian plants. Communication presented at the 2nd international congress for study of the modified states of consciousness. 3-7 October 1994.

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Phalaris aquatica

Phalaris canariensis